Smartbook: Chapter 9
3D printing
A product is created one layer at a time by a nozzle
Interfirm operations management
Companies work closely together to outsource engineering, design, manufacturing, and other tasks who specialize in those functions
Materials Requirement Planning (MRP)
Computer-based operations management system that uses forecasts to make sure needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place
Flexible Manufacturing
Designing machines to do multiple tasks so they can produce a variety of products
Robotics
Improve productivity while also reducing the number of jobs available to humans
Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD)
Makes it possible to custom-design products to meet the needs of small markets with very little increase in cost
Purchasing
The function that searches for high quality material resources, finds the best suppliers, and negotiates the best prices for quality goods and services
Facility location
The process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations
Lean Manufacturing
The production of goods using less of everything than in mass production: less human effort, less manufacturing space, less investment tools,and less engineering time to develop new product
Mass Customization
To tailor a product to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers
Enterprise Resource Planning:
a newer version of MRP combines computerized functions of all the divisions subsidiaries of a firm into a single software program to uses a single database
Operations Management
a specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources, including human resources like technical skills and innovation
fixed-position layouts
allows workers to congregate around the product to be completed
Gantt chart
bar graph that clearly shows what projects are being worked on and how much has been completed at any given time
ISO 14001
collection of the best practices for managing an organization's impact on the environment
Just In-time (JIT) Inventory Control:
keeps a minimum inventory on the premises, and deliver parts, supplies and other needs just in time to go on the assembly line
Continuous process
long production runs and intermittent process: short production run requiring producer to adjust machines frequently to make different products turn out finished goods over time
ISO 9001
non governmental organization established to promote the development of world standards to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services
Process Manufacturing
physically or chemically changes materials
Quality Control:
producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery
Assembly process
puts together components to make a product
Intermittent Process
short run and the producer adjusts machines frequently to make different products
Statistical quality control (SQC)
some manager use this process to continually monitor all phases of the production process and ensure quality is being built into the product from the beginning
Production Management
the activities that help firms create goods
production
the creation of finished goods and services using the factors of production: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, and knowledge
Facility Layout
the physical arrangement of resources, including people, to most efficiently produce goods and provide services for customers
Statistical process control (SPC):
the process of testing statistical samples of product components at each stage of production and plotting the test results on graph
Critical path
the sequence of tasks that takes the longest to complete
Form Utility
the value producers add to material in the creation of finished goods and services, such as by transforming silicon into computer chips or putting services together to create a vacation package
PERT
users analyze the tasks to complete a given project, estimate the time needed to complete each task, and compute the minimum time needed to complete the whole project
modular layouts
where teams combine to produce more complex units of the final product