Smartbook: Chapter 9

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3D printing

A product is created one layer at a time by a nozzle

Interfirm operations management

Companies work closely together to outsource engineering, design, manufacturing, and other tasks who specialize in those functions

Materials Requirement Planning (MRP)

Computer-based operations management system that uses forecasts to make sure needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place

Flexible Manufacturing

Designing machines to do multiple tasks so they can produce a variety of products

Robotics

Improve productivity while also reducing the number of jobs available to humans

Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD)

Makes it possible to custom-design products to meet the needs of small markets with very little increase in cost

Purchasing

The function that searches for high quality material resources, finds the best suppliers, and negotiates the best prices for quality goods and services

Facility location

The process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations

Lean Manufacturing

The production of goods using less of everything than in mass production: less human effort, less manufacturing space, less investment tools,and less engineering time to develop new product

Mass Customization

To tailor a product to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers

Enterprise Resource Planning:

a newer version of MRP combines computerized functions of all the divisions subsidiaries of a firm into a single software program to uses a single database

Operations Management

a specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources, including human resources like technical skills and innovation

fixed-position layouts

allows workers to congregate around the product to be completed

Gantt chart

bar graph that clearly shows what projects are being worked on and how much has been completed at any given time

ISO 14001

collection of the best practices for managing an organization's impact on the environment

Just In-time (JIT) Inventory Control:

keeps a minimum inventory on the premises, and deliver parts, supplies and other needs just in time to go on the assembly line

Continuous process

long production runs and intermittent process: short production run requiring producer to adjust machines frequently to make different products turn out finished goods over time

ISO 9001

non governmental organization established to promote the development of world standards to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services

Process Manufacturing

physically or chemically changes materials

Quality Control:

producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery

Assembly process

puts together components to make a product

Intermittent Process

short run and the producer adjusts machines frequently to make different products

Statistical quality control (SQC)

some manager use this process to continually monitor all phases of the production process and ensure quality is being built into the product from the beginning

Production Management

the activities that help firms create goods

production

the creation of finished goods and services using the factors of production: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, and knowledge

Facility Layout

the physical arrangement of resources, including people, to most efficiently produce goods and provide services for customers

Statistical process control (SPC):

the process of testing statistical samples of product components at each stage of production and plotting the test results on graph

Critical path

the sequence of tasks that takes the longest to complete

Form Utility

the value producers add to material in the creation of finished goods and services, such as by transforming silicon into computer chips or putting services together to create a vacation package

PERT

users analyze the tasks to complete a given project, estimate the time needed to complete each task, and compute the minimum time needed to complete the whole project

modular layouts

where teams combine to produce more complex units of the final product


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