SOC 100 Exam 1 Review

Comte formed the idea that society can be divided into two parts:

1) social statics: aspects of society that give rise to order 2) social dynamic: forces that promote change and evolution in society.

All of these are reasons we should care about studying correlation and causation in sociology except? a. Studying correlation and causation helps build interventions or programs to help prevent some bad thing that happens. b. Studying correlation and causation helps in determining There are statistical models we can use to flesh out causation within correlation. c. Studying correlation and causation helps in seeing the broader picture of events and making decisions

???? literally don't know

Functionalism

A framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity (unity) and stability

Who coined the term sociology?

Auguste Comte in 1838

Conflict theory

Conflict is inevitable in any group or society; inequality and injustice are the source of the conflicts that spread throughout society

True or False: A minoritized groups (also referred to as minorities) are always groups of people who are in a numerical minority.

FALSE

True or False: Sociology is the only way to look at and understand the world around us.

FALSE

True or false: the cost of children has dropped since 2000.

FALSE

True or False: Can a sociologist study a phenomenon/social problem that cannot be measured?

False???

what is the first step of a research study?

Formulate research questions

Augustus Comte believed that society's problems couldn't be solved by _______ and hence began thinking about early sociology.

Religion

Harriet Martineau argued that social laws influence social behavior and that..

Societies can be measured by their social progress

True or false: Social norms can be defined as the relationship between how people act (do) and how people think they should act (ought to).

TRUE

True or false: When you operationalize a concept, you make it measurable and observable.

TRUE

True/False: C. Wright Mills developed the idea of sociological imagination

TRUE

True/False: Credential inflation can be described as the decline in the value of a degree/certificate at the job market.

TRUE

True or false: Concern with social problems helped contribute to the beginning of Sociology as a discipline

True

True or False: Wikipedia is a good place to start your research.

True (but don't site it)

True or False: Conflict theory and functionalism are theories that attempt to explain social change.

True ????

True or False: When writing about how humans explained social change and issues across time, Comte saw all residents of the planet as human and capable of studying society.

True ????

Triangulation refers to which part of data collection?

Using two or more methods for better analysis and accuracy

Spurious Relationship

Variables correlated but not casually related, sometimes b/c they are both being caused by a common third factor

"Inequality is inevitable and purposeful for society." This statement best represents which theoretical perspective? a. Conflict theory b. Feminism c. Functionalism d. Symbolic interactionism

a. Conflict theory

Social norms shape our everyday lives. Which of the following are examples of how social norms shape everyday technology?

a. The shape and size of laptop computers. b. Recent changes in how designers finally consider people/users with disabilities.

August Comte argued that humans studied and explained social change using three different stages of logic, with the third stage being the best, one developed way of thinking. a. Theological, Metaphysical, Positivistic b. Metaphysical, Theological, Positivistic c. Positivistic, Theological, Metaphysical

a. Theological, Metaphysical, Positivistic

Sociology is a(n) _____ discipline, meaning conclusions are based on systematic observations. a. empirical b. faith-based c. common sense d. rigorous

a. empirical

Functional theory

assumes that all parts of the social structure (groups, organizations, and institutions), the culture (values and beliefs), and social processes (i.e. legislators working to create a law, an instructor teaching a child, or laws passed to bring about positive social change) work together to make the whole society run smoothly and harmoniously.

"Individuals are subordinated to society, especially the powerful." This statement best represents which theoretical perspective? a. Conflict theory b. Feminism c. Functionalism d. Symbolic interactionism

b. feminism

According to Sociological Imagination, the high numbers of college graduates moving back in with their families reflect: a. individual choices. b. social forces impacting private lives. c. failed socialization. d. faith-based choices.

b. social forces impacting private lives

John thinks he gets headaches from sleeping with his shoes on. But his doctor claims his headache comes from a hangover. Whenever John is drunk, he sleeps with his shoes on. What type of relation will you describe with John's headache and sleeping with his shoes? a. Positive correlation b. Spurious correlation c. Negative correlation d. Linear Correlation

b. spurious correlation

When John a graduate student tries to understand why a person is so depressed which of the following will be considered a sociological study a. Examining the physical traits of the depressed person's brain b. Studying the depressed person and his social groups c. Studying the extended relatives of the depressed persond. Non-of the above

b. studying the depressed person and his social groups

Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)

considered the first female sociologist

Feminist theory

critiques the hierarchical power structures that disadvantage women and other minorities.

What can sociology do? a. Help us see the strange in the familiar b. Help us see the general in the specific c. Help us see the specific in the obtuse d. A&B

d. A & B (help us see the strange in the familiar and the general in the specific)

What are some of the reasons shared in class about why America has a lot of people in college? a. Many high-ranked colleges b. Freedom of choice c. Social norm d. All of the above

d. all the above

The relationship between _______ and ______ was used as an example of spurious correlation. a. divorces; margarine consumption b. plane crashes; hours spent studying c. Home ownership; avocado toast purchasing d. All of the above

d. all the above ??????

Which of the following is NOT always a part of a national society? a. A population of people b. Boundaries c. Shared language(s) d. Peaceful relations

d. peaceful relations

Who decides what it takes to earn a degree? a. A university faculty and administration b. University accreditation organizations c. The Federal Government d. Potential employers of university graduates e. All of the above

e. all of the above

Rational Choice Theory

humans are fundamentally concerned with self-interests, making rational decisions based on weighing costs and rewards of the projected outcome of an action.

Symbolic interaction theory

sees humans as active agent who create shared meanings of symbols and events, and then interact on the basis of those meanings.

Sociological Imagination

the ability to see the relationship between one's individual life and the effects of larger social forces.

Triangulation

the use of two or more methods of data collection to enhance the amount and type of data for analysis and the accuracy of the findings

What is the smallest example of a social unit?

two people