SOC 100 Exam 1 Review
Comte formed the idea that society can be divided into two parts:
1) social statics: aspects of society that give rise to order 2) social dynamic: forces that promote change and evolution in society.
All of these are reasons we should care about studying correlation and causation in sociology except? a. Studying correlation and causation helps build interventions or programs to help prevent some bad thing that happens. b. Studying correlation and causation helps in determining There are statistical models we can use to flesh out causation within correlation. c. Studying correlation and causation helps in seeing the broader picture of events and making decisions
???? literally don't know
Functionalism
A framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity (unity) and stability
Who coined the term sociology?
Auguste Comte in 1838
Conflict theory
Conflict is inevitable in any group or society; inequality and injustice are the source of the conflicts that spread throughout society
True or False: A minoritized groups (also referred to as minorities) are always groups of people who are in a numerical minority.
FALSE
True or False: Sociology is the only way to look at and understand the world around us.
FALSE
True or false: the cost of children has dropped since 2000.
FALSE
True or False: Can a sociologist study a phenomenon/social problem that cannot be measured?
False???
what is the first step of a research study?
Formulate research questions
Augustus Comte believed that society's problems couldn't be solved by _______ and hence began thinking about early sociology.
Religion
Harriet Martineau argued that social laws influence social behavior and that..
Societies can be measured by their social progress
True or false: Social norms can be defined as the relationship between how people act (do) and how people think they should act (ought to).
TRUE
True or false: When you operationalize a concept, you make it measurable and observable.
TRUE
True/False: C. Wright Mills developed the idea of sociological imagination
TRUE
True/False: Credential inflation can be described as the decline in the value of a degree/certificate at the job market.
TRUE
True or false: Concern with social problems helped contribute to the beginning of Sociology as a discipline
True
True or False: Wikipedia is a good place to start your research.
True (but don't site it)
True or False: Conflict theory and functionalism are theories that attempt to explain social change.
True ????
True or False: When writing about how humans explained social change and issues across time, Comte saw all residents of the planet as human and capable of studying society.
True ????
Triangulation refers to which part of data collection?
Using two or more methods for better analysis and accuracy
Spurious Relationship
Variables correlated but not casually related, sometimes b/c they are both being caused by a common third factor
"Inequality is inevitable and purposeful for society." This statement best represents which theoretical perspective? a. Conflict theory b. Feminism c. Functionalism d. Symbolic interactionism
a. Conflict theory
Social norms shape our everyday lives. Which of the following are examples of how social norms shape everyday technology?
a. The shape and size of laptop computers. b. Recent changes in how designers finally consider people/users with disabilities.
August Comte argued that humans studied and explained social change using three different stages of logic, with the third stage being the best, one developed way of thinking. a. Theological, Metaphysical, Positivistic b. Metaphysical, Theological, Positivistic c. Positivistic, Theological, Metaphysical
a. Theological, Metaphysical, Positivistic
Sociology is a(n) _____ discipline, meaning conclusions are based on systematic observations. a. empirical b. faith-based c. common sense d. rigorous
a. empirical
Functional theory
assumes that all parts of the social structure (groups, organizations, and institutions), the culture (values and beliefs), and social processes (i.e. legislators working to create a law, an instructor teaching a child, or laws passed to bring about positive social change) work together to make the whole society run smoothly and harmoniously.
"Individuals are subordinated to society, especially the powerful." This statement best represents which theoretical perspective? a. Conflict theory b. Feminism c. Functionalism d. Symbolic interactionism
b. feminism
According to Sociological Imagination, the high numbers of college graduates moving back in with their families reflect: a. individual choices. b. social forces impacting private lives. c. failed socialization. d. faith-based choices.
b. social forces impacting private lives
John thinks he gets headaches from sleeping with his shoes on. But his doctor claims his headache comes from a hangover. Whenever John is drunk, he sleeps with his shoes on. What type of relation will you describe with John's headache and sleeping with his shoes? a. Positive correlation b. Spurious correlation c. Negative correlation d. Linear Correlation
b. spurious correlation
When John a graduate student tries to understand why a person is so depressed which of the following will be considered a sociological study a. Examining the physical traits of the depressed person's brain b. Studying the depressed person and his social groups c. Studying the extended relatives of the depressed persond. Non-of the above
b. studying the depressed person and his social groups
Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)
considered the first female sociologist
Feminist theory
critiques the hierarchical power structures that disadvantage women and other minorities.
What can sociology do? a. Help us see the strange in the familiar b. Help us see the general in the specific c. Help us see the specific in the obtuse d. A&B
d. A & B (help us see the strange in the familiar and the general in the specific)
What are some of the reasons shared in class about why America has a lot of people in college? a. Many high-ranked colleges b. Freedom of choice c. Social norm d. All of the above
d. all the above
The relationship between _______ and ______ was used as an example of spurious correlation. a. divorces; margarine consumption b. plane crashes; hours spent studying c. Home ownership; avocado toast purchasing d. All of the above
d. all the above ??????
Which of the following is NOT always a part of a national society? a. A population of people b. Boundaries c. Shared language(s) d. Peaceful relations
d. peaceful relations
Who decides what it takes to earn a degree? a. A university faculty and administration b. University accreditation organizations c. The Federal Government d. Potential employers of university graduates e. All of the above
e. all of the above
Rational Choice Theory
humans are fundamentally concerned with self-interests, making rational decisions based on weighing costs and rewards of the projected outcome of an action.
Symbolic interaction theory
sees humans as active agent who create shared meanings of symbols and events, and then interact on the basis of those meanings.
Sociological Imagination
the ability to see the relationship between one's individual life and the effects of larger social forces.
Triangulation
the use of two or more methods of data collection to enhance the amount and type of data for analysis and the accuracy of the findings
What is the smallest example of a social unit?
two people