SOC 101: Final Exam
demedicalization
"sick" behavior is normalized again
formal vs informal education
-formal: learning academic facts -informal: learning norms
theoretical perspectives of family
-functionalist: Roles are instrumental -conflict: reflection of inequality and male dominance -symbolic interactionist: social construct and based on intimacy
theoretical perspectives of economics
-functionalist: efficiency-designed economy -conflict: economy reflects economic inequality -symbolic interactionist: career inheritance
theoretical view of education
-functionalist: introduction to lasting social networks -conflict: reinforces social inequalities -symbolic interactionist: labeling theory in action
theoretical view of aging
-functionalist: people active in their roles adjust better to old age -conflict: social groups compete for scarce resources and older people can't keep up -symbolic interactionist: attitudes towards elderly rooted in society
theoretical view of health and medicine
-functionalist: sickness is deviance -conflict: issues with healthcare rooted in capitalism -symbolic interactionist: sickness is socially constructed
gender differences in courtship
-gender socialization -reproductive relationship as end goal -female driven process through signals
capitalism today
-government regulations of economic relations -monopolies
boomers impact on aging in the US
-medicare increase burdens healthcare system -social security at risk of failure is adjustments are not made
primary aging vs secondary aging
-primary: biological factors -secondary: controllable factors
kinship
-state of relation to others -culturally learned
Paul Glick's 7-step family life cycle
1. Marriage 2. Procreation 3. Preschooler 4. School-age 5. Teenage 6. Launching 7. Empty nest
2 elements needed for a social movement
1. right to goals 2. group feels they cannot accomplish goal through conventional means
affirmative action
A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities
different types of descent
Bilateral, Patrilineal, Matrilineal, Ambilineal
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Industrial Work
Mechanical progress that produced more and better goods; creation of great profit; alienation of workers
Nuclear family
Mother, father and children living as a unit
health by gender
Women - unequal access to and institutionalized sexism in the health industry (medicalization)
legitimization
a physician must certify that the illness is genuine
family
a set of people related by blood, marriage, or some other agreed-on relationship who share the primary responsibility for reproductions and caring for members of society
matchmakers
a type of courtship (structured and ritualistic)
age stratification
age is as divisive as race, sex, etc.
global education
aims and habits of a group are passed from one generation to the next
communism
all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made based off ability of production
types of social movements
alternative, redemptive, reformative, revolutionary
social gerontology
analyzes social and sociological aspects of aging
collective behavior
any group behavior not mandated by an institution
medicalization of deviance
bad behavior-->sick behavior
equal education
brown v board reversed plessy v ferguson allowing racial segregation in schools
hookup
casual and open to interpretation
4 types of crowd
casual, conventional, expressive, acting
reformative movements
change parts of social structure
Value Added Theory
conditions add up to predict the likelihood of an event
cultural capital
cultural knowledge that serves as metaphorical currency and helps to navigate a culture
death and dying
death perceived through culture
Head Start
developed to give low-income students an opportunity to makeup preschool deficit
aging process
different responsibilities that vary by culture in every age
globalization's affect on the economy
division of labor
agricultural societies
economies were largely based on farming
social placement
education is a method for upward for social mobility
Continuity
elderly choose to be active to maintain consistency and relevance in society
bigany
entering a marriage while still being married to someone else
social construction of health
explains how society shapes and is shaped by medical ideas
xenophobia
fear of foreigners and foreign goods
retirement's affect on aging
finances present a challenge
baby boomers
first group of children and teenagers with their own spending and marketing power
Teaching to the Test
focuses on preparing for standardized tests instead of a well-rounded education
American Dream
hard work and high social status means wealth is available to everyone
polygamy
having more than one spouse at a time
stigmatization of illness
illnesses that are discriminated against and whose sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned by society
contested illness
illnesses that are questioned or considered questionable by some medical professionals
Modernization
industrialization and modernization are responsible for elders loss of societal power
health in low income nations risks
infectious disease, infant mortality, bad water and sewers
Globalization
integrating governments, cultures financial markets into a single world market
manifest function
intended and visible functions of education
hispanic paradox
latinos live longer than whites despite having lower educational levels and incomes being far less likely to have health insurance
levels of social movements
local, state, national, global
socialism
means of production is commonly owned -centrally controlled by government
social promotion
moving a student to the next grade regardless of achievement
Disengagement
natural withdrawl from society as one ages
aspects of child abuse in families
neglect, child labor/soldiers, corporal punishment
hidden curriculum
nonacademic info that students learn informally
health in high income nations risks
obesity
Polygyny
one man, multiple wives
Monogamy
one partner
polyandry
one woman, multiple husbands
communications contribution to social movements
organization of movements; face to face no longer necessary
social movement
organized collective activity to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society
power in residence
patrilocal, matrilocal, outsider status
sick role
patterns of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them
capitalism
private owners invest in their capital, others' money to produce goods and services to sell in an open market
capitalism vs socialism
private vs public ownership of the means of production
different types of poverty
relative vs extreme -relative: unable to maintain standard of living -extreme: lacks basic necessities
Extended family
relatives live in the same home as their parents and children
No Child Left Behind
requires state testing in designated grades to determine if school receive federal funding
types of group organization
riots, hysteria, fads
redemptive (or religious) movements
seek meaning and inner change
gerontology
seeks to understand aging process and challenges experienced by aging seniors
alternative movements
self improvement and limited specific changes to individual beliefs and behaviors
serial monogamy
several partners - only one at a time
aging viewed by society
shameful
economic systems
social institution through which a society's resources are managed and produced
Post Industrial
society marked by a transition from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy,
egalitarian family
spouses are regarded as equals
ageism
stereotyping and discrimination against the elderly and leads to misinformation about abilities
health by socioeconomic status
strongest and most consistent predictor of a person's morbidity and mortality
student loan debt
students hard-pressed to repay debt at entry-level salary
contemporary issues in education
teacher effectiveness, social promotion, affirmative action, student loan debt
commodification
the changing of something not generally thought of as a commodity into something that can be bought and sold in a marketplace
credentialism
the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications
social epidemiology
the study of the causes and distribution of diseases
medical sociology
the systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and healthcare for both the sick and the healthy
social construction of illness
they way some patients control the manner in which they reveal their diseases and the lifestyle changes developed to cope
informal economy
transfers of resources not reported to the government
changes in divorce rates
waiting longer to get married, age, education, reduce marriage rates
Exchange
we give up power and submit to other due to a lack of compelling reasons for others to submit to you
job inequalities
women, minorities, immigrants
phases of aging
young-old (65-74) middle-old (75-84) old-old (over 85)