SOC 202 Test 2

The greatest factor in environmental alternation has been A) the automobile B) industrialization C) consumption D) agriculture

C) consumption

Conversion from swidden to plow agriculture A) altered gender roles B) produced less food overall C) allowed more leisure time for families D) resulted in the immediate transformation of social systems to include the development of the state.

A) altered gender roles

Diseases such as the plague, tuberculosis, cholera, leprosy and syphilis benefited from the growth of cities because A) population density was greater, making it easier for microbes to spread B) people in cities had fewer morals than those in rural areas C) there were fewer doctors per person in the cities than in rural areas D) sanitation was non existent

A) population density was greater, making it easier for microbes to spread

Market externalities refer to A) positive and negative side effects of the mkt B) events that occur outside of the market C) events having to do with the conversion of foreign exchange. D) external costs not counted in the profit of a company

A) positive and negative side effects of the mkt

Studies of fertility among hunting and gathering populations, the French-Canadian settlers and the Irish indicate that A) societies were able to adjust birth rates to adapt to the social and economic environment in which they existed. B) these populations had lower life expectancy because lack of birth spacing led to poverty and famine C) when population density was low, more land could be devoted to agriculture and enough food could be grown to eliminate famine D) societies were not able to make adjustments to birth or mortality rates

A) societies were able to adjust birth rates to adapt to the social and economic environment in which they existed.

In many countries the spread of AIDS was impacted greatly by A) tourism B) the importing of meat products C) the prevalence of large populations of gay people D) the prevalence of mosquitoes

A) tourism

China succeeded in lowering population growth, while attempts to do so in India failed. As a result: A) economic growth and standard of living is higher in China indicating that population growth must be controlled in order for advancement B) both countries do so well economically indicating that population growth alone is not the only factor which influences economic growth C) India cannot grow enough good to feed it's people because its population is too high D) India's economy collapsed

B) both countries do so well economically indicating that population growth alone is not the only factor which influences economic growth

The green revolution A) developed hybrid crops that used water more efficiently, thereby decreasing the need for irrigation in drier climates B) ran into problems, because the new plants required greater inputs of energy, making them too costly for small farmers. C) helped to save the small family farmers D) resulted in mass famine just as human populations were expanding

B) ran into problems, because the new plants required greater inputs of energy, making them too costly for small farmers.

One of the greatest innovations in meat packing was A) the grading of meat B) the assembly line C) shipping cattle to market by rail D) the new type of paper for wrapping meat

B) the assembly line

Hunting and gathering societies were most often affected by pathogens because A) the lived in small groups that were widely scattered B) they had interfered with the pathogens non human host C) they had inadequate nutrition which weakened their immune systems D) resulted in mass famine just as human populations were exploding

B) they had interfered with the pathogens non human host

Mortality rates may be affected by economic need and abortion and infanticide may occur in societies that A) that do not have access to modern birth control B) where there is a preference for male or female children C) that have not yet been industrialized D) where starvation is always close at hand

B) where there is a preference for male or female children

The reaction of the US to the AIDS pandemic A) brought rapid response by governments of the world community to find the cause and stem the spread of the disease B) was directed at those responsible for the outbreak and spread of the disease C) created resentment and denial because of accusation, blame and racism which hampered the investigation into the cause of the disease. D) brought out the best in people at the time.

C) created resentment and denial because of accusation, blame and racism which hampered the investigation into the cause of the disease

The attempts at rapid economic development by many countries such as Brazil A) increased GNP and raised the standard of living for all of the country's citizens B) gave the countries more control of international markets for commodities such as sugar and coffee C) forced many subsistence farmers to leave their land and to seek jobs in urban areas where most ended up in slums D) have forced more and more people to abandon their farms and move onto communes

C) forced many subsistence farmers to leave their land and to seek jobs in urban areas where most ended up in slums

Eugenicists believe that poverty must be confronted with population control. They believe that poverty: A) is caused because there are more people than the earth's carrying capacity can support. B) is caused by competition for scarce goods and resources C) is a consequence of "faulty genes" D) causes methylation of DNA and thus behavioral problems

C) is a consequence of "faulty genes"

Environmentalists list population, technology and consumption as the main causes of environmental pollution. The least attention is given to A) population B) technology C) agriculture D) consumption

D) consumption

the reduction in the number of people in agriculture and the subsequent concentration of wealth A) has created monopolies that have raised the food prices causing hunger B) has driven wages up in the agricultural sector C) keeps food prices low and wages high D) keeps food prices and wages low in both the industrial and agricultural sectors.

D) keeps food prices and wages low in both the industrial and agricultural sectors.

Economists and demographers who have examined the relationship between economic development and population growth found: A) that in populations w low life expectancy, population exceeds consumption B) that in countries with aging populations cannot have high rates of economic development C) that one in five people over consumes and that they all live in the US D) little evidence that population growth inhibits economic development.

D) little evidence that population growth inhibits economic development.

In less developed countries modern farm methods such as damming waterways to provide irrigation A) improve the health of all in the area by allowing more grains to be grown B) create wealth that improves the communities living conditions C) improve health by supplying clean water D) often crate environmental change that leads to disease

D) often crate environmental change that leads to disease

The British government helped to create a huge increase in the production and consumption of sugar by: A) invading new lands on which to grow cane B) opening markets in India and China for the sale of sugar C) taking active measures to increase demand D) removing tariffs on sugar and abolishing slavery

D) removing tariffs on sugar and abolishing slavery

Famine is caused by: A) food insufficiency B) exceeding the local carrying capacity C) decrease in the carrying capacity of the land D) the inability to buy or grow food

D) the inability to grow or buy food

Frequency in births is determined by the availability of modern contraceptive methods

False

Malthus believed that the growing poverty he saw was an indirect result of the industrial revolution. Workers be being replaced by machines and unable to provide for their families.

False

Modern agriculture and food processing methods decrease the need for fossil fuels because they are much more efficient than labor intensive methods of food production? T/F?

False

People have a natural craving for sugar that resulted in the expansion of the sugar industry in order to satisfy the need for sugar in their diets

False

The human immune system has the ability to adapt quickly enough to make microbial mutations harmless

False

A study of famine in Malawi showed that cultural and societal factors affect entitlements often causing selective starvation

True

Generally, as the stickier prices of an item go down, externalized costs go up. T/F?

True

It may be possible to make pathogens less lethal by making it more difficult to transmit from one host to another

True

There is little chance that consumption patterns in core countries will change significantly because consumption is a main element in the culture of these countries

True

The domestication of farm animals has made animal to human transmission of pathogens much less likely to occur

false