soc - 4

Who among the following is typically a childs most powerful role model? A : A parent B : A friend C : A grandparent D : A celebrity E : A neighbor

A : A parent

Who among the following can be termed helicopter parents? A : Ians parents are overanxious about his college admission and have made him apply to ten different universities. B : Vincents parents do not restrict him from smoking; they give him an extra allowance to buy cigarettes. C : Sydneys parents were hardly aware of their daughters whereabouts; they were too busy with work to be bothered. D : Brooke invited her parents to her piano recital, but they chose to attend their neighbors birthday party instead.

A : Ians parents are overanxious about his college admission and have made him apply to ten different universities.

_____ is the process of unlearning old ways of doing things and adopting new attitudes, values, norms, and behavior. A : Resocialization B : Internalization C : Incapacitation D : Impression management E : Anticipatory socialization

A : Resocialization

Which of the following is NOT a role that teachers play in the classroom? A : Role model B : Disciplinarian C : Instructor D : Surrogate E : Moral guide

A : Role model

Sashas friends are all close in age to her, and they all like the same TV shows. In the context of sociology, Sashas friends are an example of _______. A : a peer group B : an instrumental group C : a play group D : a social group E : an institutional group

A : a peer group

Jamals boss is an older black man who has worked in his field for decades. Jamal really values his boss advice and good opinion. Knowing that his boss appreciates and respects him makes Jamal feel valued and competent. In the context of symbolic interaction theory, Jamals boss is an example of _________. A : a significant other B : a surrogate C : a mentor D : a primary socialization agent E : an internalization

A : a significant other

The first step of resocialization in total institutions is__________. A : being subjected to degradation ceremonies B : performing physical labor C : military training D : religious teaching E : anger management

A : being subjected to degradation ceremonies

Unlike social scientists, biologists focus on the role of _____ in human development. A : heredity B : socialization C : learning D : assimilation E : environment

A : heredity

Macy sees her best friend lie to her mother about where she is going. Macy, however, does not lie. This illustrates the difference between ___________. A : learning and performing behavior B : role models and internalization C : social learning theory and symbolic interaction theory D : nature and nurture E : socialization and resocialization

A : learning and performing behavior

Since he was a year old, Adrian was carefully coached by his parents so that he grew up to be a well-mannered, confident, and generous person. His parents believed in leading by example. Adrian carried the values he learnt at home wherever he wentto school, to college, and to his workplace. He imparted these values to his children and grandchildren. The process that Adrian went through is known as _____. A : socialization B : resocialization C : social stratification D : self-fulfilling prophecy E : social mobility

A : socialization

Biologists focus on heredity in human development, whereas sociologists focus on learning, socialization, and culture. This difference of opinion is called ___________. A : the naturenurture debate B : the socializationresocialization debate C : the innatehereditary argument D : the voluntaryinvoluntary discussion E : the environmentsurroundings debate

A : the naturenurture debate

In _____, parents focus on their own needs, spend little time interacting with the children, and know little about their interests or whereabouts. A : uninvolved parenting B : permissive parenting C : authoritative parenting D : indulgent parenting E : authoritarian parenting

A : uninvolved parenting

According to Meads theory of the development of the self and role taking, which of the following statements is a characteristic of the preparatory stage? A : Children move beyond imitation and act out imagined roles. B : Children engage in behavior that they rarely associate with words or symbols. C : Children learn social norms by emulating significant others. D : Children acquire the ability to understand different connections between roles. E : Children understand and take the role of the generalized other.

B : Children engage in behavior that they rarely associate with words or symbols.

_____ provides a foundation for understanding the purposes of socialization, but doesnt tell us how socialization works. A : Feminist theory B : Functionalism C : Social learning theory D : Symbolic interaction theory E : Conflict theory

B : Functionalism

Which of the following statements supports the argument that nature shapes behavior? A : Human development is fairly changeable. B : Human development is innate. C : Human development is largely due to environment. D : Abuse and mistreatment can blunt a childs development. E : A pregnant mothers habits can have a lasting effect on a childs life

B : Human development is innate.

According to Mead, the _____ is creative, imaginative, impulsive, spontaneous, selfcentered, and sometimes unpredictable. A : looking-glass self B : I C : me D : super ego E : ego

B : I

Which of the following statements is true about later life? A : There are no rites of passage in later life. B : People age 65 and older often must learn to play new roles. C : Socialization ends before age 65. D : Resocialization is impossible for older adults. E : Older adults in poor health never welcome death.

B : People age 65 and older often must learn to play new roles

_____ maintain that people learn new attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through interaction with other people, especially during childhood. A : Conflict strategies B : Social learning theories C : Structural functionalism theories D : Symbolic interaction theories E : Socialist strategies

B : Social learning theories

Kuldeep is 15 years old and wants a car for his birthday. However, he understands that he 3 / 19 cannot get a drivers license for another year and that it would be illegal to drive without one. Therefore, he decides to wait for a year. Which of the key functions of socialization does this scenario illustrate? A : Socialization establishes our social identity. B : Socialization controls our behavior. C : Socialization teaches us role taking. D : Socialization transmits culture to the next generation. E : Socialization distinguishes between nature and nurture

B : Socialization controls our behavior.

_____ are settings where people are isolated from the rest of society, stripped of their former identities, and required to conform to new rules and behavior. A : Day care centers B : Total institutions C : Social institutions D : Health care centers E : Educational institutions

B : Total institutions

Angela returned to her parents home when she lost her job and could no longer afford to pay rent or buy food. She was deep in debt and needed her parents support to find another job in a difficult economy. Angela belongs to a group of young adults termed _____. A : empty nesters B : boomerang children C : slingshot children D : helicopter daughters E : feral children

B : boomerang children

Kira believes that her teacher doesnt like her as much as the other children in class. Kira now thinks that she is bad at schoolwork, and that she is unlikeable. This illustrates Kiras A : role models B : looking-glass self C : reference groups D : peer pressures E : resocialization

B : looking-glass self

Two of the most important roles in adulthood are work and _____. A : mentoring B : parenthood C : socializing D : leadership E : travelling

B : parenthood

Tom was a pessimist. His attitude cost him his friends and his peace of mind. After years of self-inflicted stress, Tom decided that he would become optimistic and see the brighter side of things. Tom has decided to undergo the process of _____. A : internalization B : resocialization C : rehabilitation D : institutionalization E : victimization

B : resocialization

The lifelong process through which people learn culture and become functioning members of society is called _____. A : internalization B : socialization C : resocialization D : evolution E : externalization

B : socialization

Which of the following statements is true of U.S. children? A : Most of them do not attend school as education is not given much importance. B : They make up a large segment of the U.S. labor force. C : Most of them enjoy happy and healthy lives, but many do not. D : A high percentage of them die of diseases before the age of five. E : Most of them stay with their parents until the age of 30

C : Most of them enjoy happy and healthy lives, but many do not

_____ occurs when people receive direct or indirect rewards or punishments for particular behaviors. A : Imitation B : Role conflict C : Reinforcement D : Evaluation E : Justification

C : Reinforcement

Lily was separated from her mother at the age of one and locked up in the barn outside her house. Nobody spoke to her or went to meet her. From time to time, she was beaten up. Many years later, she was discovered by the police. She was found to have no understanding of language and behaved more like an animal than a human being. Which of the following is most likely the cause for Lilys situation? A : Reinforcement B : Internalization `C : Social isolation D : Resocialization E : Unsuccessful sex reassignment

C : Social isolation

In a growing field known as fetal origins, scientists are finding that the nine months of pregnancy constitute the most consequential period of our lives, permanently influencing the brain, other organs, and behavior. This supports which of the following arguments? A : Heredity is the most important factor in behavior. B : Human development is fairly fixed. C : The environment influences childrens genetic makeup and behavior. D : Human behavioral traits are fixed. E : The environment has no effect on biology

C : The environment influences childrens genetic makeup and behavior.

Adams parents allow him two sleepovers a month at his friends place on the condition that he puts in an extra hour of study every day. In terms of parenting styles, Adams parents exhibit _____. A : uninvolved parenting B : permissive parenting C : authoritative parenting D : indulgent parenting E : authoritarian parenting

C : authoritative parenting

Many women, especially white women, who are unhappy with their bodies, turn to _____. A : suicide B : weight-loss programs C : cosmetic surgery D : yoga E : weight training

C : cosmetic surgery

The proportion of women who have ever suffered physical violence varies significantly across cultures, from 16 percent in East Asia to 66 percent in central sub-Saharan Africa. This supports the position that ______________. A : genetics influences human behavior B : social isolation can have dramatic and lasting effects C : humans are influenced by their environment D : the first few years of life are crucial to development E : emotional attachment is more crucial than food

C : humans are influenced by their environment

According to George Herbert Mead, the most critical social interaction occurs _____. A : among peers B : in the society C : in the family D : among strangers E : among friends

C : in the family

Aaron was four years old when he saw his elder brother Charlie throw a firecracker into a fire. There was a loud explosion, and Charlies face got burnt. Therefore, Aaron learnt from a young age never to play with fire. This scenario is an example of _____. A : reward B : positive reinforcement C : indirect reinforcement D : role taking E : critical evaluation

C : indirect reinforcement

As he was growing up, Elons parents taught him that as a young black man, he needed to dress well, be articulate, and to never display anger as a way to keep him safe and counteract negative stereotypes about black men. This is an example of ____________. A : internalization B : role taking C : racial socialization D : resocialization E : multigenerational socialization

C : racial socialization

As children get older, they may have several _____ of people that shape their self-image, behavior, values, and attitudes in different contexts. A : role models B : significant others C : reference groups D : impression managers E : looking-glass selves

C : reference groups

Social learning theories do not explain _________. A : how socialization works B : why stages of development may overlap C : why reinforcement and modeling affect some children more than others D : the difference between learning and performing behavior E : the existence of multiple reference groups over a persons lifetime

C : why reinforcement and modeling affect some children more than others

_____ is learning how to perform a role that a person will occupy in the future. A : Social learning B : Symbolic interaction C : Resocialization D : Anticipatory socialization E : Modeling

D : Anticipatory socialization

_____ diminishes teens and young adults ability to develop decision-making and problemsolving skills. A : Laissez-faire parenting B : Permissive parenting C : Indulgent parenting D : Helicopter parenting E : Uninvolved parenting

D : Helicopter parenting

Which of the following is true about socialization? A : It produces people who are all entirely the same. B : It produces robots. C : It is always successful. D : It is a powerful force in shaping who we are. E : It is always voluntary and mild

D : It is a powerful force in shaping who we are.

Who among the following exhibits a dominant I part of the self as described by Mead? A : Lizzy asks her elder sister if she can borrow her dress for a party. B : Daniel wants to play video games at his friends house, but he knows he should wait for his turn. C : Bella wants to eat a box of candies for lunch, but she decides not to because her mother would be angry. D : Samuel insists that he wants to ride to school on a pony instead of a bicycle. E : Lucy finishes her assignment before going out to play, because she knows her teacher would be angry otherwise.

D : Samuel insists that he wants to ride to school on a pony instead of a bicycle.

Caitlin behaves and interacts with her siblings very differently compared to the way she behaves and interacts with her friends. She is less mindful of offending her brothers and sisters and is not conscious of her appearance when she is with them. Which of the key functions of socialization does this situation illustrate? A : Socialization establishes our social identity. B : Socialization teaches us to follow the rules. C : Socialization transmits culture to the next generation. D : Socialization teaches us role taking. E : Socialization distinguishes between nature and nurture

D : Socialization teaches us role taking.

Which of the following is true about our interpretation of others perceptions of us? A : They are always completely accurate. B : They do not affect our behavior. C : They do not change over time. D : They may be totally wrong. E : They do not affect our looking-glass self

D : They may be totally wrong.

_____ is a period of both extreme helplessness and enormous physical and cognitive growth. A : Adulthood B : The teenage years C : Adolescence D : Toddlerhood E : The old age period

D : Toddlerhood

The parts of the brain responsible for controlling impulses, avoiding risky behavior, and planning ahead are _________. A : latent throughout ones life B : disrupted due to raging hormones C : the hallmarks of childish behavior D : among the last to mature E : innate characteristics of every child

D : among the last to mature

Emily constantly suffered from severe headaches and blurred vision. At the age of fourteen, she was diagnosed with migraine. Her neurologist explained to her that women were more likely than men to suffer from such headaches. In the context of the naturenurture debate, Emilys neurologist is most likely to support the theory that __________. A : sex reassignment should be encouraged B : adult behavior influences children C : men have lower immunity than women D : biology shapes behavior E : cross-cultural variations in behavior exist

D : biology shapes behavior

In a process that Erving Goffman called _____, we provide information and cues to others to present ourselves in a favorable light while downplaying or concealing our less appealing characteristics. A : role taking B : resocialization C : internalization D : impression management E : internalization

D : impression management

Blake and his two sisters grew up in a multigenerational household. This means that they _________. A : lived in the same house in which their ancestors had lived B : were brought up in a very strict, authoritarian environment C : were cared for by only one parent D : lived with their parents and grandparents E : would move out of their parents house after marriage

D : lived with their parents and grandparents

According to symbolic interaction theories, _____ lack a sense of self, an awareness of their social identity. A : elderly people B : adults C : teenagers D : newborn infants E : adolescents

D : newborn infants

Jameila scored straight As in her class tests. As a reward for her hard work, her parents took her to her favorite amusement park for an entire day. This action of Jameilas parents is an example of _____. A : cognitivism B : internalization C : functional impulsivity D : resocialization E : reinforcement

D : resocialization

Saami is four years old, and loves to play house where he gets to be the mommy of the house. Saamis behavior is an example of __________. A : internalization B : judgment of others C : impression management D : role taking E : reinforcement

D : role taking

Before her interview at a potential new employer, Jayna makes sure to style her hair neatly, dress in a suit, and buy new business-appropriate shoes. By doing these things, which of the three expressive resources of impression management is Jayna working to control? A : Manner B : Role C : Setting D : Impression E : Appearance

E : Appearance

Which of the following scenarios supports the argument that nurture shapes behavior? A : Evelyn, like all the women in her family, outlived her husband. B : Kamelas sense of smell was far more acute than her husbands, enabling her to be able to tell what seasoning her food needed without tasting it. C : Logan and his twin sister were raised by positive, affirming parents. Logan, however, suffered from attention deficit disorder, which is more common among men, while his sister did not. D : Joshua has been diagnosed with skin cancer, but none of his sisters have been. E : Benjies father, an alcoholic, suffered from liver damage. He advised his son from a young age to avoid such destructive habits, and Benjie grew up to have a healthy lifestyle

E : Benjies father, an alcoholic, suffered from liver damage. He advised his son from a young age to avoid such destructive habits, and Benjie grew up to have a healthy lifestyle

_____ is the process of learning cultural behaviors and expectations so deeply that people accept them without question. A : Assimilation B : Acculturalization C : Integration D : Conceptualization E : Internalization

E : Internalization

Which of the following statements is true of peers as socialization agents? A : A peer group is the first and most influential socialization agent. B : A peer group is the most important factor that helps in keeping a family close. C : A peer group consists of people who differ in age, social status, and interests. D : All peer or friend influence is positive. E : Peer influence usually increases as young children get older

E : Peer influence usually increases as young children get older

Sarah is fourteen years old and is very conscious of her looks and other peoples opinion of her. With reference to Cooleys concept, who among the following is most likely to help Sarah develop a positive looking-glass self during this age? A : Role models B : Teachers C : Grandparents D : Parents E : Peers

E : Peers

Owains manager showed him a lot of appreciation for efficiently handling a complicated project. This appreciation made Owain confident and enthused, and he put in more effort into all his future projects. According to Charles Horton Cooley, which phase of the development of the looking-glass self is Owain going through? A : Anticipation B : Interpretation C : Perception D : Achievement E : Response

E : Response

_____ refer to public rituals that mark the transition from one social position to another. A : Internalized behaviors B : Continuum of sanctions C : Anticipatory socialization processes D : Symbolic interactions E : Rites of passage

E : Rites of passage

Which of the following is a key function of socialization? A : Teaching people to live solitary lives B : Teaching people to rebel against society C : Encouraging people to act against cultural norms D : Controlling peoples actions and behavior through nature rather than nurture E : Transmitting culture to the next generation

E : Transmitting culture to the next generation

The term _____ refers to the norms, values, and expectations of society as a whole that affect a persons behavior. A : socialization agent B : significant other C : role model D : primary caregiver E : generalized other

E : generalized other

The _____ is a self-image based on how we think others see us. A : internalization self B : role model C : significant other D : generalized other E : looking-glass self

E : looking-glass self

In the context of Meads theory of the development of the self and role taking, children begin to learn role taking by emulating significant others during the _____ stage. A : preparatory B : last C : game D : first E : play

E : play

major criticism of symbolic interaction theories of socialization is that _____. A : they clearly explain why some children have a positive looking-glass self even when the cues are consistently negative B : the concepts used are too clear, precise, and orderly. C : they ignore birth order D : they ignore the interconnections between social structures and socialization E : they credit people with more free will than they have

E : they credit people with more free will than they have

Emilia was a careless, pampered adult. Her life took a complete turn after she became a mother. Responsibility came naturally to her, and she began to enjoy taking care of her baby round the clock. The dramatic change in Emilias behavior is an example of _____. A : internalization B : rehabilitation C : authoritarian parenting D : uninvolved parenting E : voluntary resocialization

E : voluntary resocialization

In the context of the functions of play, which of the following most likely provides children with constructive ways to channel their energy and intelligence? A : Television programs B : Sports and hobbies C : Video games D : Social networking sites E : Homework and assignments

b: Sports and hobbies