SOC Exam

A collection of people who happen to be walking down the street at the same time but who have nothing else in common is known as

An aggregate

When all members of a country belong to a single religion and that religion is considered the official religion for that country, the religion is referred to as

An ecclesia

According to Emile Durkheim, a society that lacks clear-cut norms to govern aspirations and moral conduct is characterized by

Anomie

Sandra is female, she is African American, and she is sixteen years of age. These three characteristics are examples of Sandra's

Ascribed statuses

The process by which a immigrant or an ethnic minority is absorbed socially into a receiving society is called

Assimilation

Which of the following levels of racial-ethnic relations is best exemplified by the 2008 election of President Barack Obama? Assimilation Cultural transmission Internal colonialism Accommodation Segregation

Assimilation

The term "sociology" was coined by its founder, the 19th- century positivist

Auguste Comte

Which of the following can properly be considered norms 1. Law 2. Folkways 3. Mores

1, 2, and 3

In the United States, economic growth between 1985 and 2005 resulted in

A growth in the gap between the rich and the poor

Compared the United States population in general, Asian Americans have

A higher level of formal educational achievement

Which of the following best describes the relationship between q and z on the scattergram: (Straight line, higher at the left, lower at the right)

A perfect negative correlation

Which of the following trends is an essential aspect of the demographic transition model? Rising death rates Reduced food availability Large population shifts from urban centers to growing rural areas A shift from an agricultural society to an industrialized one A decline in health-care quality

A shift from an agricultural society to an industrialized one

A sociologist of religion who studies secularization is interested in which of the following?

A society that changes from closely identifying which religious values to closely identifying with nonreligious values

Kevin enlists in the military and attends boot camp, a place where he is required to follow a strict schedule and routine. Sociologists refer to this type of experience as

A total institution

A school system that teaches children of different ethnic groups in the children's own language and about their own particular ethnic heritage illustrates a policy of

Accommodation

All of the following characteristics are commonly attributed to postmodern culture EXCEPT? Moral relativism Skepticism toward traditional authority Growing tolerance of diversity Loss of faith in absolutes Adherence to traditional gender roles

Adherence to traditional gender roles

Many rural areas have disproportionately higher numbers of older adults than younger adults. Younger adults tend to relocate to seek opportunities elsewhere, whereas older adults are less likely to relocate. Which of the following is the term used to describe the tendency of older adults to stay in the home? Aging in place Gentrification Rural lag Suburbanization Conurbation

Aging in place

Max Weber linked the emergence of capitalism to the

Calvinist doctrine of predestination

Impression management is exhibited by a college student who

Cleans the dorm room in preparation for Parent's Weekend

Some sociologists view the family as an economic unit that contributes to social injustice because it is the basis for transferring power, property, and privilege from one generation to the next. Which of the following perspectives best describes that view?

Conflict

Which of the following approaches to stratification is most likely to suggest that, as a society becomes more stratified, it prevents the talents of those at the bottom from being known or used and this potentially fails to benefit form the contributions of all its members? Interactionist Conflict Postmodernist Demographic Structural functionalist

Conflict

According to sociological terminology, an analysis of the amount of violence in mass media, such as television shows, would be which of the following? Content analysis Secondary analysis Quasi-experiment Participant observation Ethnographic interview

Content analysis

As a nurse, Rex works to respect and fulfill the different values, beliefs, and behaviors of his patients. Which of the following is Rex practicing?

Cultural competence

Online communities were created before the rules for appropriate behavior in these virtual spaces were created. This is an example of

Cultural lag

Which of the following allows human beings to adapt to diverse physical environments? Instinct Heredity Culture Stratification Enthocentrism

Culture

Ken works on an assembly line in a paper factory in the midwestern United States. He believes that if he works hard enough, he will become very wealthy. According to Karl Marx, Ken's belief reflects which of the following?

False conciousness

All of the following are examples of voluntary associations EXCEPT the Republican Party League of Women Voters Federal Bureau of Investigation First Baptist Church of Atlanta Little League Baseball Association

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Nathan wants to study the behavior of city residents as they travel on the subway to work every day. What type of research would be most appropriate for Nathan's research project?

Field research

A society in which women have more wealth, privilege, and political power than men have is said to be experiencing which of the following? Gender equality Gender role-reversal Gender stratification Gender expectations Gender dissonance

Gender stratification

Which of the following social practices is associated with overall lower divorce rates?

Getting married after the age of 30

Sociologist studies of gender socialization show that

Girls are less likely than boys to receive attention from teachers

Two basic premises that underlie capitalism are that

Goods are produced for profit, and the free market determines what is produced and at what price

In the world's economic system, which of the following is true about the relationship between high-income countries and low-income countries

High-income countries build manufacturing plants in low-income countries to obtain cheap labor

In An Essay on the Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus argued that

Human population grown exponentially while food production grown linearly

Which of the following types of societies is least differential? Horticultural Pastoral Hunting and gathering Agricultural Industrial

Hunting and gathering

Joe is on trial for selling drugs. He looks very different from when he was arrested. He has washed, cut, and combed his hair, and is wearing a clean, conservative suit and tie at the trial. Joe is engaged in

Impression management

When Leon met his boss for the first time, he made sure that he was dressed similarly to his coworkers. He also greeted his boss with a firm handshake and looked directly at his boss as he said, "Good morning!" in a calm voice. Leon's actions suggest he was involved in the interactional process of

Impression management

The economy of the postindustrial United States is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A computer-facilitated automation Relocation of manufacturing plants to less-developed countries International competition in the manufacturing sector of the economy Increasing numbers of service compared to manufacturing jobs Increased job security due to globalization

Increased job security due to globalization

Raw materials are processed and converted into finished goods in which sector of the economy

Industrial

Tamara worked as a waitress for five years after high school before she went to college. After college, Tamara got a job as a sales representative for a pharmaceutical company. This best exemplifies which of the following types of mobility? Intergenerational Intragenerational Unilateral Horizontal Structural

Intragenerationally

In order for an occupation to be considered a profession by a sociologist, it must be an occupation that

Is based on abstract knowledge and a body of specialized information

A characteristic of a triad is that it

Is prone to coalition formation

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding patriarchy

It is a form of social organization in which males control most formal and informal power

Which of the following is true of a dependent variable? It is spurious It is influenced by another variable It is manipulated It causes other variables to increase It is used to draw a sample from a population

It is influenced by another variable

Which of the following theorists argued that class conflict was inevitable in a capitalistic society and would result in revolution?

Karl Marx

Which of the following terms refers to something that has an unexpected detrimental effect on social institutions or society? Secret function Manifest function Manifest dysfunction Latent function Latent dysfuction

Latent dysfunction

The increase in prejudice that sometimes resulted from court-ordered desegregation in public schools is a

Latent dysfunction of desegregation

Demographic transition theory explains population changes by

Linking population changes to technological development

Most of the funding for public schools in the United States comes from

Local property taxes

According to Emile Durkheim, the more homogeneous a group the greater its

Mechanical solidarity

Which theory assumes that deviance occurs among individuals who are blocked from achieving socially approved goals by legitimate means

Merton's strain theory

Which of the following made up the largest number of immigrants to the United States in the 2000s? Mexicans Chinese Italians Canadians Russians

Mexicans

In the study of social class, a sociologist would be LEAST likely to focus on Power Social mobility Style of life Motivation Occupational status

Motiviation

Which of the following explains the growth of urban communities that have developed on the outskirts of major metropolitan areas that have economic and social centers with identities of their own

Multiple-nuclei

The early Chicago School researchers found that even though immigration changed the racial and ethnic composition of some areas of the city over time, the rates of crime in those areas remained relatively high. Which of the following interpretations of this finding is most consistent with the Chicago School's social disorganization perspective?

Neighborhood social institutions were ineffective at preventing crime

An advertisement for men's cologne depicts a woman as a pair of legs. This is an example of

Objectification

In the United States, semiskilled positions held primarily by women, such as waitperson, cashier, and receptionist, are known as which type of occupation? Blue-collar Pink-collar White-collar Nonpatriarchal Matriarchal

Pink-collar

A country is experiencing a gender imbalance; that is, there are too many men and too few women. To address this issue, it has been proposed that women be allowed to have multiple husbands. If legalized, this would be an example of

Polyandry

The practice in which a woman is married to two or more men at the same time is known as

Polyandry

Which of the following terms refers to a philosophical system under which knowledge of the world and human behavior is derived from scientific observation in search of universal laws? Theology Determinism Positivism Phenomenology Metaphysics

Positivsm

Which of the following models of political power emphasizes the interwoven nature of people who have held significantly powerful positions in both government and corporate business Legitimate power Power-elite Economic liberalism Rational-legal Totalitatianism

Power-elite

Marxist sociological theory attributes social stratification to

Private ownership of the means of production

Which of the following is most likely to slow the world's population growth

Raising all nations out of poverty

According to Max Weber, authority derived from the understanding that individuals have clearly defined rights and duties to uphold and that they implement rules and procedures impersonally is

Rational-legal authority

Mrs. Jones has a parent-teacher meeting scheduled at the school where she teaches. The meeting is scheduled at the same time as her daughter's piano recital. Mrs. Jones will have to decide how to juggle the contradictory expectations of teacher and parent. This situation is referred to as

Role conflict

Allen is frustrated that he is unable to secure a job at a local factory. He blames an influx of recent immigrants into his community for his inability to be hired at the factory. According to sociologists, this is an example of

Scapegoat theory

In Gesselschaft, people are more likely than in Gemeinschaft to

See others as a means of advancing their own individual goals

Which of the following is best described as an organized sphere of social life, or societal subsystem, designed to support important values and to meet human needs? Social structure Social organization Social institution Social culture Local property taxes

Social institution

The process by which an individual learns how to live in his or her social surroundings is known as

Socialization

The term "SMSA" used in the United States census refers to a

Standard metropolitan statistical area

Max Weber's three dimensions of social stratification are which of the following Class, politics, education Prestige, politics, occupation Residence, occupation, religion Status, class, power Status, religion, presitge

Status, class, power

The claim that the division of labor based on gender has survived because it is beneficial and efficient for human living is an example of

Structural Functionalism

Communities that form adjacent to central cities are called

Suburbs

Which of the following relies most heavily on sampling methods? Small group experiment Laboratory experiment Participant observation Survey research Case study

Survey research

Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be most useful in understanding the dealings between teachers and their students? Conflict Structural functionalism Feminist Utilitarianism Symbolic interactionism

Symbolic interactionism

which of the following views stratification as being developed and maintained through everyday interactions? Feminist theory Labeling theory Dependency theory Structural interactionism Symbolic interactionism

Symbolic interactionism

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Chicago School of Sociology? They studied urban neighborhoods in the city of Chicago They were influenced by Herbert Spencer and Frederic Clements They used ethnography and field methods in their research Talcott Parsons was a proponent of the school They were most influential during the 20th century

Talcott Parsons was a proponent of the school

The concept of "glass ceiling" affecting women in the workforce is best illustrated by which of the following

The barriers that limit career advancement for women

Which of the following distinguishes a crime from a deviant act

The definition of the act as criminal by a political entity

Cooley called a person's self-conception based on the responses of others

The looking-glass self

Societies that are postindustrial are distinguished from industrial ones by

The predominance of knowledge-based service industries

According to Emile Durkheim, religion is characterized by a dichotomy between

The sacred and the profane

Which of the following best describes what sociologists of education mean when they refer to the hidden curriculum

The unintended consequence of schooling

Which of the following is true of social norms for the structure of marriage

They have frequently held polygyny as the societal ideal, although this pattern was functionally available and practiced primarily by the most wealthy and powerful

Socialization takes place

Throughout the life cycle

In general, females perform better than males do on tests of

Verbal ability

Elizabeth lost her home, her job, and all of her material possessions during an economic downturn. As a result, she experienced which of the following types of mobility? Vertical Meritocratic Horizontal Exchange Intergenerational

Vertical

Which of the following is an example of an informal positive sanction

Danisha receives a new car from her parents when she scores 1600 on the SAT

James's family disapproves of his marriage to Juanita because she is from a different social class. Which of the following best describes James's family's marriage practices? Exogamy Endogamy Monogamy Homogamy Polygamy

Endogamy

The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture is called

Ethnocentrism

Laura is conducting an experiment to determine the effect of caffeine on wakefulness. She gives half of her subjects a caffeinated beverage to drink. These subjects are the

Experimental group

Max Weber's principle of verstehen was meant to

Explain the subjective beliefs that motivate people to act

Which statement about political participation in the United States is true? Almost everyone of voting age in the United States is registered to vote Voter turnout in the United States is lower than in most Europe nations Voter turnout has increased dramatically in the last 20 years People of higher social class tend to participate less in voting than lower social classes Younger adults are more likely to vote than those over 65

Voter turnout in the United States is lower than in most European nations

Which of the following sociologists asserted that race is the most serious problem in the United States? Karl Marx Max Weber Harriet Martineau Jane Addams W. E. B. Du Bois

W. E. B. Du Bois

Demographic patterns have clearly demonstrated that more males than females are born in

virtually every known human society

Within the scientific perspective, which of the following are the most important sources of knowledge? Common sense and tradition Empiricism and reason Authority and structure Paradigms and intuition Existentialism and reference groups

Empiricism and reason

An example of a folkway in American society is

Eating a sandwich for lunch

According to world-systems theory, the global system is primarily

Economic

Industrialization is most likely to reduce the importance of which the following functions of the family?

Economic production

Which of the following theorists is most associated with structural functionalism? Karl Marx Max Weber Randall Collins Herbert Blumer Emile Durkheim

Emile Durkheim