SOC Exam
A collection of people who happen to be walking down the street at the same time but who have nothing else in common is known as
An aggregate
When all members of a country belong to a single religion and that religion is considered the official religion for that country, the religion is referred to as
An ecclesia
According to Emile Durkheim, a society that lacks clear-cut norms to govern aspirations and moral conduct is characterized by
Anomie
Sandra is female, she is African American, and she is sixteen years of age. These three characteristics are examples of Sandra's
Ascribed statuses
The process by which a immigrant or an ethnic minority is absorbed socially into a receiving society is called
Assimilation
Which of the following levels of racial-ethnic relations is best exemplified by the 2008 election of President Barack Obama? Assimilation Cultural transmission Internal colonialism Accommodation Segregation
Assimilation
The term "sociology" was coined by its founder, the 19th- century positivist
Auguste Comte
Which of the following can properly be considered norms 1. Law 2. Folkways 3. Mores
1, 2, and 3
In the United States, economic growth between 1985 and 2005 resulted in
A growth in the gap between the rich and the poor
Compared the United States population in general, Asian Americans have
A higher level of formal educational achievement
Which of the following best describes the relationship between q and z on the scattergram: (Straight line, higher at the left, lower at the right)
A perfect negative correlation
Which of the following trends is an essential aspect of the demographic transition model? Rising death rates Reduced food availability Large population shifts from urban centers to growing rural areas A shift from an agricultural society to an industrialized one A decline in health-care quality
A shift from an agricultural society to an industrialized one
A sociologist of religion who studies secularization is interested in which of the following?
A society that changes from closely identifying which religious values to closely identifying with nonreligious values
Kevin enlists in the military and attends boot camp, a place where he is required to follow a strict schedule and routine. Sociologists refer to this type of experience as
A total institution
A school system that teaches children of different ethnic groups in the children's own language and about their own particular ethnic heritage illustrates a policy of
Accommodation
All of the following characteristics are commonly attributed to postmodern culture EXCEPT? Moral relativism Skepticism toward traditional authority Growing tolerance of diversity Loss of faith in absolutes Adherence to traditional gender roles
Adherence to traditional gender roles
Many rural areas have disproportionately higher numbers of older adults than younger adults. Younger adults tend to relocate to seek opportunities elsewhere, whereas older adults are less likely to relocate. Which of the following is the term used to describe the tendency of older adults to stay in the home? Aging in place Gentrification Rural lag Suburbanization Conurbation
Aging in place
Max Weber linked the emergence of capitalism to the
Calvinist doctrine of predestination
Impression management is exhibited by a college student who
Cleans the dorm room in preparation for Parent's Weekend
Some sociologists view the family as an economic unit that contributes to social injustice because it is the basis for transferring power, property, and privilege from one generation to the next. Which of the following perspectives best describes that view?
Conflict
Which of the following approaches to stratification is most likely to suggest that, as a society becomes more stratified, it prevents the talents of those at the bottom from being known or used and this potentially fails to benefit form the contributions of all its members? Interactionist Conflict Postmodernist Demographic Structural functionalist
Conflict
According to sociological terminology, an analysis of the amount of violence in mass media, such as television shows, would be which of the following? Content analysis Secondary analysis Quasi-experiment Participant observation Ethnographic interview
Content analysis
As a nurse, Rex works to respect and fulfill the different values, beliefs, and behaviors of his patients. Which of the following is Rex practicing?
Cultural competence
Online communities were created before the rules for appropriate behavior in these virtual spaces were created. This is an example of
Cultural lag
Which of the following allows human beings to adapt to diverse physical environments? Instinct Heredity Culture Stratification Enthocentrism
Culture
Ken works on an assembly line in a paper factory in the midwestern United States. He believes that if he works hard enough, he will become very wealthy. According to Karl Marx, Ken's belief reflects which of the following?
False conciousness
All of the following are examples of voluntary associations EXCEPT the Republican Party League of Women Voters Federal Bureau of Investigation First Baptist Church of Atlanta Little League Baseball Association
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Nathan wants to study the behavior of city residents as they travel on the subway to work every day. What type of research would be most appropriate for Nathan's research project?
Field research
A society in which women have more wealth, privilege, and political power than men have is said to be experiencing which of the following? Gender equality Gender role-reversal Gender stratification Gender expectations Gender dissonance
Gender stratification
Which of the following social practices is associated with overall lower divorce rates?
Getting married after the age of 30
Sociologist studies of gender socialization show that
Girls are less likely than boys to receive attention from teachers
Two basic premises that underlie capitalism are that
Goods are produced for profit, and the free market determines what is produced and at what price
In the world's economic system, which of the following is true about the relationship between high-income countries and low-income countries
High-income countries build manufacturing plants in low-income countries to obtain cheap labor
In An Essay on the Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus argued that
Human population grown exponentially while food production grown linearly
Which of the following types of societies is least differential? Horticultural Pastoral Hunting and gathering Agricultural Industrial
Hunting and gathering
Joe is on trial for selling drugs. He looks very different from when he was arrested. He has washed, cut, and combed his hair, and is wearing a clean, conservative suit and tie at the trial. Joe is engaged in
Impression management
When Leon met his boss for the first time, he made sure that he was dressed similarly to his coworkers. He also greeted his boss with a firm handshake and looked directly at his boss as he said, "Good morning!" in a calm voice. Leon's actions suggest he was involved in the interactional process of
Impression management
The economy of the postindustrial United States is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A computer-facilitated automation Relocation of manufacturing plants to less-developed countries International competition in the manufacturing sector of the economy Increasing numbers of service compared to manufacturing jobs Increased job security due to globalization
Increased job security due to globalization
Raw materials are processed and converted into finished goods in which sector of the economy
Industrial
Tamara worked as a waitress for five years after high school before she went to college. After college, Tamara got a job as a sales representative for a pharmaceutical company. This best exemplifies which of the following types of mobility? Intergenerational Intragenerational Unilateral Horizontal Structural
Intragenerationally
In order for an occupation to be considered a profession by a sociologist, it must be an occupation that
Is based on abstract knowledge and a body of specialized information
A characteristic of a triad is that it
Is prone to coalition formation
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding patriarchy
It is a form of social organization in which males control most formal and informal power
Which of the following is true of a dependent variable? It is spurious It is influenced by another variable It is manipulated It causes other variables to increase It is used to draw a sample from a population
It is influenced by another variable
Which of the following theorists argued that class conflict was inevitable in a capitalistic society and would result in revolution?
Karl Marx
Which of the following terms refers to something that has an unexpected detrimental effect on social institutions or society? Secret function Manifest function Manifest dysfunction Latent function Latent dysfuction
Latent dysfunction
The increase in prejudice that sometimes resulted from court-ordered desegregation in public schools is a
Latent dysfunction of desegregation
Demographic transition theory explains population changes by
Linking population changes to technological development
Most of the funding for public schools in the United States comes from
Local property taxes
According to Emile Durkheim, the more homogeneous a group the greater its
Mechanical solidarity
Which theory assumes that deviance occurs among individuals who are blocked from achieving socially approved goals by legitimate means
Merton's strain theory
Which of the following made up the largest number of immigrants to the United States in the 2000s? Mexicans Chinese Italians Canadians Russians
Mexicans
In the study of social class, a sociologist would be LEAST likely to focus on Power Social mobility Style of life Motivation Occupational status
Motiviation
Which of the following explains the growth of urban communities that have developed on the outskirts of major metropolitan areas that have economic and social centers with identities of their own
Multiple-nuclei
The early Chicago School researchers found that even though immigration changed the racial and ethnic composition of some areas of the city over time, the rates of crime in those areas remained relatively high. Which of the following interpretations of this finding is most consistent with the Chicago School's social disorganization perspective?
Neighborhood social institutions were ineffective at preventing crime
An advertisement for men's cologne depicts a woman as a pair of legs. This is an example of
Objectification
In the United States, semiskilled positions held primarily by women, such as waitperson, cashier, and receptionist, are known as which type of occupation? Blue-collar Pink-collar White-collar Nonpatriarchal Matriarchal
Pink-collar
A country is experiencing a gender imbalance; that is, there are too many men and too few women. To address this issue, it has been proposed that women be allowed to have multiple husbands. If legalized, this would be an example of
Polyandry
The practice in which a woman is married to two or more men at the same time is known as
Polyandry
Which of the following terms refers to a philosophical system under which knowledge of the world and human behavior is derived from scientific observation in search of universal laws? Theology Determinism Positivism Phenomenology Metaphysics
Positivsm
Which of the following models of political power emphasizes the interwoven nature of people who have held significantly powerful positions in both government and corporate business Legitimate power Power-elite Economic liberalism Rational-legal Totalitatianism
Power-elite
Marxist sociological theory attributes social stratification to
Private ownership of the means of production
Which of the following is most likely to slow the world's population growth
Raising all nations out of poverty
According to Max Weber, authority derived from the understanding that individuals have clearly defined rights and duties to uphold and that they implement rules and procedures impersonally is
Rational-legal authority
Mrs. Jones has a parent-teacher meeting scheduled at the school where she teaches. The meeting is scheduled at the same time as her daughter's piano recital. Mrs. Jones will have to decide how to juggle the contradictory expectations of teacher and parent. This situation is referred to as
Role conflict
Allen is frustrated that he is unable to secure a job at a local factory. He blames an influx of recent immigrants into his community for his inability to be hired at the factory. According to sociologists, this is an example of
Scapegoat theory
In Gesselschaft, people are more likely than in Gemeinschaft to
See others as a means of advancing their own individual goals
Which of the following is best described as an organized sphere of social life, or societal subsystem, designed to support important values and to meet human needs? Social structure Social organization Social institution Social culture Local property taxes
Social institution
The process by which an individual learns how to live in his or her social surroundings is known as
Socialization
The term "SMSA" used in the United States census refers to a
Standard metropolitan statistical area
Max Weber's three dimensions of social stratification are which of the following Class, politics, education Prestige, politics, occupation Residence, occupation, religion Status, class, power Status, religion, presitge
Status, class, power
The claim that the division of labor based on gender has survived because it is beneficial and efficient for human living is an example of
Structural Functionalism
Communities that form adjacent to central cities are called
Suburbs
Which of the following relies most heavily on sampling methods? Small group experiment Laboratory experiment Participant observation Survey research Case study
Survey research
Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be most useful in understanding the dealings between teachers and their students? Conflict Structural functionalism Feminist Utilitarianism Symbolic interactionism
Symbolic interactionism
which of the following views stratification as being developed and maintained through everyday interactions? Feminist theory Labeling theory Dependency theory Structural interactionism Symbolic interactionism
Symbolic interactionism
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Chicago School of Sociology? They studied urban neighborhoods in the city of Chicago They were influenced by Herbert Spencer and Frederic Clements They used ethnography and field methods in their research Talcott Parsons was a proponent of the school They were most influential during the 20th century
Talcott Parsons was a proponent of the school
The concept of "glass ceiling" affecting women in the workforce is best illustrated by which of the following
The barriers that limit career advancement for women
Which of the following distinguishes a crime from a deviant act
The definition of the act as criminal by a political entity
Cooley called a person's self-conception based on the responses of others
The looking-glass self
Societies that are postindustrial are distinguished from industrial ones by
The predominance of knowledge-based service industries
According to Emile Durkheim, religion is characterized by a dichotomy between
The sacred and the profane
Which of the following best describes what sociologists of education mean when they refer to the hidden curriculum
The unintended consequence of schooling
Which of the following is true of social norms for the structure of marriage
They have frequently held polygyny as the societal ideal, although this pattern was functionally available and practiced primarily by the most wealthy and powerful
Socialization takes place
Throughout the life cycle
In general, females perform better than males do on tests of
Verbal ability
Elizabeth lost her home, her job, and all of her material possessions during an economic downturn. As a result, she experienced which of the following types of mobility? Vertical Meritocratic Horizontal Exchange Intergenerational
Vertical
Which of the following is an example of an informal positive sanction
Danisha receives a new car from her parents when she scores 1600 on the SAT
James's family disapproves of his marriage to Juanita because she is from a different social class. Which of the following best describes James's family's marriage practices? Exogamy Endogamy Monogamy Homogamy Polygamy
Endogamy
The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture is called
Ethnocentrism
Laura is conducting an experiment to determine the effect of caffeine on wakefulness. She gives half of her subjects a caffeinated beverage to drink. These subjects are the
Experimental group
Max Weber's principle of verstehen was meant to
Explain the subjective beliefs that motivate people to act
Which statement about political participation in the United States is true? Almost everyone of voting age in the United States is registered to vote Voter turnout in the United States is lower than in most Europe nations Voter turnout has increased dramatically in the last 20 years People of higher social class tend to participate less in voting than lower social classes Younger adults are more likely to vote than those over 65
Voter turnout in the United States is lower than in most European nations
Which of the following sociologists asserted that race is the most serious problem in the United States? Karl Marx Max Weber Harriet Martineau Jane Addams W. E. B. Du Bois
W. E. B. Du Bois
Demographic patterns have clearly demonstrated that more males than females are born in
virtually every known human society
Within the scientific perspective, which of the following are the most important sources of knowledge? Common sense and tradition Empiricism and reason Authority and structure Paradigms and intuition Existentialism and reference groups
Empiricism and reason
An example of a folkway in American society is
Eating a sandwich for lunch
According to world-systems theory, the global system is primarily
Economic
Industrialization is most likely to reduce the importance of which the following functions of the family?
Economic production
Which of the following theorists is most associated with structural functionalism? Karl Marx Max Weber Randall Collins Herbert Blumer Emile Durkheim
Emile Durkheim