Soc. Mod. 9 Review

Which theory focuses on everyday interactions to explain people's social standing in society?

Interactionist thoery

When it comes to global stratification, the two most widely applied perspectives are the

Modernization and dependency theory

Terms such as "first world, second world, and third world" have come to be considered politically incorrect although they are often still used. Today, these are more frequently referred to as

developed and undeveloped countries

Poverty can become ________ where the consequences of poverty perpetuate further causes

entrenched

The rise of technology has contributed to increasing inequalities between countries which is referred to as _____.

global stratification

The standard of living is a way to measure level of wealth available to a certain socioeconomic class enabling it to acquire the material necessities and comforts to maintain its lifestyle and is based on:

income, employment, class, poverty rates, and housing affordability

One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________.

its inherent ethnocentric bias

In the United States, most people define themselves as

middle class

According to ________ undeveloped and low income countries are in their situation because they have not industrialized, but could do so if they simply chose to.

modernization theory

Social stratification is a system that:

ranks society members into categories

Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in:

relative poverty

The ability to change positions within a social stratification system

social mobility

The GNI PPP figure represents:

the average annual income of a country's citizens

________ compares the wealth, economic stability, status, and power of countries across the world, and highlights worldwide patterns of social inequality.

Global stratification

________ means an increase in social class, like a "rags-to-riches" story while ________ refers to a decrease in social class when problems arise that reduce income or prestige. *

Upward mobility; downward mobility

If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______ theory to study the global economy.

modernization theory

According to Immanuel Wallerstein's theory, which countries are economically dependent on more advanced nations and have very little industrialization or means of production?

peripheral countries

If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a

dependency theorist

During the Cold War Era, industrialized countries were once referred to as

first world countries

The way that a society sorts people into rankings based on measures of factors such as wealth, income, race, education, gender, power, etc., is called: *

social stratification

Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing

subjective poverty

One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______

that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations

In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their U.S. factories and relocated to China. This is an example of:

capital flight

Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled

chattel slavery

A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy. *

conflict theory

France might be classified as which kind of nation?

core

Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that:

core nations exploit peripheral nations

In a U.S. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This situation most closely resembles:

debt slavery

Maya is a twelve-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty.

absolute

A state of living where people lack even the basic necessities, which typically include adequate food, clean water, safe housing, and access to healthcare is known as *

absolute poverty