SOC213 Exam #3

According to the text, how many percentage of people in the United States were living below the poverty line in 2016? a. 12.7 b. 7.7 c. 33.7 d. 22.7

a. 12.7

How many countries in the world are categorized as "high-income countries"? a. 81 b. 21 c. 101 d. 41

a. 81

What groups are more likely to be poor? a. Hispanics and Blacks b. Whites and Asians c. Hispanics and Asians d. Hispanics and Whites

a. Hispanics and Blacks

According to the World Economic Forum, which country is the most gender equal in the world? a. Iceland b. Ireland c. Yemen d. United States

a. Iceland

Gregor Mendel's work on genetics and heredity during the 19th century led to which of these ideas? a. Races could not be distinguished from one another based on genetic makeup. b. Race was related to the melanin levels in skin based on sun exposure. c. Races could be distinguished from one another based on genetic makeup. d. Aside from skin tone, people were the same physiologically, with the same number of genes.

a. Races could not be distinguished from one another based on genetic makeup.

Which of these is compatible with the structural-functional theory of stratification? a. Stratification is needed because it ensures that people with the right abilities end up in the right positions. b. When societies are structured poorly, they have dysfunctional ways to stratify people. c. Stratification is based on power relations that are structured into society. d. Stratification exists in all societies but only becomes inequality at the face-to-face level.

a. Stratification is needed because it ensures that people with the right abilities end up in the right positions.

When did foreign aid begin in its contemporary form? a. after World War II b. after the Korean War c. after World War I d. after the Vietnam War

a. after World War II

When immigrants come to the United States, many of them feel compelled to give up their native language to learn English. This is an example of which of these? a. assimilation b. segregation c. pluralism d. genocide

a. assimilation

Mary is a waitress who refuses to wait on Black customers. This exemplifies which of these? a. discrimination b. prejudice c. intersectionality d. stereotyping

a. discrimination

Anthony is very proud of his Italian and French background. Therefore, it can be said that Anthony is very proud of which of these? a. his ethnicity b. his interpersonal background c. his racial background d. his social heritage

a. his ethnicity

Which social change is linked to the globalization of sexuality? a. increasing urbanization b. localized technologies c. globalized religion d. decreased mobility

a. increasing urbanization

What is the name for a set of ideas and texts produced by the Global North to control and exploit groups from the East? a. orientalism b. genocide c. diaspora d. xenophobia

a. orientalism

Paul Gilroy's book The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness argues that we should focus on which of these to understand majority-minority global flows? a. the Atlantic region as a transnational space b. social class c. slaves d. national boundaries

a. the Atlantic region as a transnational space

Which of these is the basis of stratification in the United States and in many other countries? a. the money economy b. the prestige attached to a person's position c. inherited titles d. symbolic exchanges

a. the money economy

There have been some improvements in health in the Global South. Most of these improvements tend to be found in which of these countries? a. those best connected to the global economy b. those that have the best sanitation practices c. those with the most tourism from high-income countries d. those that were once a part of the USSR

a. those best connected to the global economy

It wasn't until the ______ census that people could officially identify with two or more races. a. 2015 b. 2000 c. 1970 d. 1900

b. 2000

In percentages, how much of the world's wealth is owned by the richest 1% of people in the world as of 2017? a. 15% b. 75% c. 25% d. 50%

b. 75%

Which of these is true of institutional racism? a. It is more likely to be detected than individual racism. b. It benefits Whites. c. It benefits men more than women. d. It is more likely to be seen as a problem than individual racism.

b. It benefits Whites.

Who defined minority and majority groups in terms of wealth, power, and prestige? a. Émile Durkheim b. Max Weber c. Herbert Spencer d. Karl Marx

b. Max Weber

The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that in 2044, the non-Hispanic White population will be in the minority when compared to the combined non-White population groups. Non-Hispanic Whites will still be the largest single category in the United States, however. What is this is called? a. a demographic flip b. a majority-minority population c. an unmarked minority category d. a minority-majority population

b. a majority-minority population

Zana does not identify with a gender. Which of these terms most accurately describes Zana? a. gender conforming b. agender c. gender fluid d. transgender

b. agender

Theories from the ______ approach examine the relationship of dependency between wealthy countries and their transnational corporations that exploit poor countries. a. ethnomethodological b. conflict/critical c. structural/functionalist d. interactionist

b. conflict/critical

Which of these refers to the dispersal, typically involuntary, of a racial or ethnic population from its traditional homeland and over a wide geographic area? a. genocide b. diaspora c. assimilation d. segregation

b. diaspora

Jay was brutally beaten by some of the boys in his class because they thought he was gay. This is an example of which of these? a. heterosexuality b. homophobia c. sexism d. hazing

b. homophobia

Tonya's maternal grandmother is Black. Even though Tonya looks outwardly White, according to the ______, Tonya would be considered Black. a. hyperdescent rule b. hypodescent rule c. ethnographic rule d. racializing rule

b. hypodescent rule

Which of these is one reason that girls often outperform boys in primary and secondary school on most academic indicators? a. Girls have faster cognitive development than boys. b. Girls are smarter than boys. c. Girls have been socialized to be better than boys at noncognitive skills such as following rules and doing homework. d. Girls generally work harder than boys.

c. Girls have been socialized to be better than boys at noncognitive skills such as following rules and doing homework.

Which of the following is true of sex tourism? a. It is declining worldwide due to new norms and values around sex trafficking. b. The Internet and low-cost travel are credited with increasing its scope. c. Most of it involves people traveling from the Global South to the Global North. d. It is very costly for many countries because it decreases other types of tourism.

c. Most of it involves people traveling from the Global South to the Global North.

Juan is a Latino student who is seen as "acting White" by joining a fraternity. Which concept does the charge of "acting White" exemplify? a. prejudice b. Black racial frame c. White racial frame d. White privilege

c. White racial frame

Many actors and actresses earn millions each year and display their wealth by living in upscale mansions and driving expensive vehicles. What does their behavior exemplify? a. ranked consumption b. trickle-down theory c. conspicuous consumption d. stratified consumption

c. conspicuous consumption

Which of these refers to the loss of high-paying manufacturing jobs and the rise of low-paying service jobs? a. McDonaldization b. desegregation c. deindustrialization d. industrialization

c. deindustrialization

When the state of California's Constitution said that all cities and towns of the state would be granted state power to remove the Chinese population outside of their city limits, they were engaging in which of these? a. genocide b. voluntary expulsion c. direct expulsion d. deportation

c. direct expulsion

The income gap between the top 1% of earners in the United States and the bottom 20% of the population has ______ since 1979. a. not been recorded b. decreased c. increased d. stayed the same

c. increased

When hospitals give preferential treatment to Whites as opposed to members of minority groups, this is referred to as which of these? a. individual bias b. individual discrimination c. institutional discrimination d. prejudicial bias

c. institutional discrimination

Which group is in a subordinate position in terms of wealth, power, and prestige? a. majority group b. racial group c. minority group d. ethnic group

c. minority group

When compared to men, women are ______. a. less competent in reading and writing assessments b. less likely to receive a bachelor's degree c. more likely to receive a bachelor's degree d. less likely to graduate from high school

c. more likely to receive a bachelor's degree

In First Nations, two-spirit individuals are considered neither male nor female. In Afghanistan, sons are required to gain social prestige, so some girls are treated as boys until the age of puberty. Which of the following terms is applicable to these situations? a. gender swapping b. gender hegemony c. nonbinary genders d. hidden curriculum

c. nonbinary genders

Lindsay is a part-time teacher at a local preschool. She decides to go to school and get her teaching certificate. Eventually, she becomes a full-time math teacher. Which of these is exemplified by her change of position? a. structural mobility b. vertical mobility c. occupational mobility d. horizontal mobility

c. occupational mobility

Which of these is defined as the ability to get others to do what you want them to do? a. wealth b. status c. power d. social class

c. power

During the 19th and 20th centuries, folk ideas about race were supplemented with ______ justifications for treating people of other races differently. a. legal b. irrational c. scientific d. realistic

c. scientific

The poverty line in the United States is measured by the federal government using which of these formulas? a. the sum total of the average cost for the four major household expenses: transportation, housing, food, and childcare b. the median cost of rent in one geographic region, plus the standard cost for a nutritionally adequate food plan, times the number of people in the household c. the cost of a nutritionally adequate food plan multiplied by 3 d. the median cost of rent based on one's geographic region multiplied by 2

c. the cost of a nutritionally adequate food plan multiplied by 3

Which of the following is most closely related to female proletarianization? a. sex trafficking b. the glass elevator c. the feminization of poverty d. sexual fluidity

c. the feminization of poverty

Maria is a domestic worker for a household where she has no secure contract, worker benefits, or wage agreement. Maria's job is categorized as existing in which of these economies? a. the guest-worker economy b. the consumer economy c. the informal economy d. the Global South economy

c. the informal economy

When Irish immigrants came to the United States in the early 1900s, many Whites called them names and treated them in a very negative manner. This exemplifies which of these? a. ethnocentrism b. homophobia c. xenophobia d. structural racism

c. xenophobia

What percentage of Whites in the United States are characterized as "poor?" a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 9

d. 9

______ is the country that gives the most foreign aid in terms of dollars, but ______ routinely give more in terms of the percentage of their gross national income. a. The United Arab Emirates; Western European countries b. The United States; Western European countries c. The United Kingdom; the Nordic countries d. The United States; the Nordic countries

d. The United States; the Nordic countries

Which of these statements is true of sexual assault and rape? a. Sexual assault and rape are likely to have only short-term impact on victims. b. sexual assault survivors are less likely to use illicit drugs than the general public. c. Most sexual assault victims are 16 and younger. d. Women and men of color are disproportionately likely to be victims of sexual assault.

d. Women and men of color are disproportionately likely to be victims of sexual assault.

Sex is based on ______ distinctions, whereas gender is based on ______ distinctions. a. cultural; biological b. social; cultural c. social; physical d. biological; social

d. biological; social

The increasing number of women who are being channeled into low-status, poorly paid manual work is referred to as which of these? a. the export processing zone b. the feminization of labor c. the globalization of femininity d. female proletarianization

d. female proletarianization

Sharon is a cashier at a grocery store, making $20,000 a year. When the store goes out of business, she takes a job at a department store making $21,000 a year. Which of these is exemplified by her change of position? a. vertical mobility b. structural mobility c. occupational mobility d. horizontal mobility

d. horizontal mobility

Kimberly is a 22-year-old African American female who has been passed over for a promotion for 5 years at her company. She thinks the combination of her age, race, and sex has prevented her from climbing the executive ladder. This is an example of which concept? a. horizontal mobility b. hyposectionality c. hypersectionality d. intersectionality

d. intersectionality

Which of these is the idea that members of a minority group are affected by the nature of their position in other systems or forms of social inequality? a. multiracialism b. hegemony c. pluralism d. intersectionality

d. intersectionality

People who are born with ambiguous genitalia are usually referred to as which of these? a. transgender b. heterosexual c. gay d. intersex

d. intersex

Which group is in a dominant position along the dimensions of wealth, power, and prestige? a. ethnic group b. minority group c. racial group d. majority group

d. majority group

Which of these is a school's unofficial practices and structures that dominant traditional messages about gender? a. no child left behind curriculum b. gender fluid curriculum c. hidden curriculum d. occupational segregation curriculum

d. occupational segregation curriculum

After the successes of the civil rights movement, several social movements arose in the late 1960s and early 1970s that promoted pride in one's racial identity. These movements were called which of these? a. ghetto movements b. indigenous movements c. diaspora movements d. power movements

d. power movements

During the 1950s, Blacks and Whites had separate bathroom facilities, attended separate schools, and used different water fountains. What does this exemplify? a. assimilation b. pluralism c. genocide d. segregation

d. segregation

Which of these refers to the belief that racial differences were the result of evolutionary differences among the races? a. racial hypothesis b. ethnocentrism c. cultural heritage d. social Darwinism

d. social Darwinism

Which perspective is likely to focus on what people do within a stratified structure, such as how they present their authority or lack of authority in their body language? a. feminist b. conflict/critical c. inter/actionist d. structural/functional

d. structural/functional

Bill has worked as a Walmart cashier for 5 years and makes $28,000 annually, while Jane has worked as a customer service representative at Target for 4 years, making $32,000 annually. Bill and Jane appear to share which of these? a. the same social environment b. the same economic division c. the same social stratum d. the same social class

d. the same social class

A gender binary involves how many genders? a. three b. one c. more than three d. two

d. two