Social Comparison

self-evaluation

According to Leon Festinger's Social Comparison Theory, humans have a basic need for _______________, which is why they use social comparison.

self-evaluation maintenance

According to the _____________________ model, several psychological forces, including closeness to the comparison target, affect our self-esteem.

counterfactual

After her softball team won 2nd place in the tournament, Ebony was upset that they didn't win. She focused on ways she could have played better. What type of thoughts are these?

The frog pond effect

Beth felt she was a great programmer. But, after switching to a large tech company, she wasn't as confident in her abilities. This phenomenon is known as what?

fixed

Carol believes that individuals are born either smart, average, or dumb, and no amount of studying or learning will change that. What's her mindset?

local dominance

Courtney compares her SAT score to the scores of other people in her school, rather than the national averages. Her comparison is due to the ___________________ effect.

mastery

Diego works hard in art class because he wants to learn how to become a better painter, rather than just earning a good grade. What type of goal is Diego using?

upward comparison

Hana is a 10-year-old soccer goalkeeper. When she considers how her skills compare to the older and more advanced goalies, she is using _____________________.

relevant

Individuals engage in social comparison when the performance dimension is personally _________________.

N-effect

Individuals work harder when they are competing against a few people rather than several people. This finding is known as the ________________.

Double-curse explanation

Poor performers lack the necessary competence to accurately assess their own performance on a test, thus overestimating their scores. This finding is known as what?

individual differences

Social comparison does not affect all people in the same way. This distinction is due to varying personalities and ____________________.

Dunning-Kruger

The average grade on the psychology test was an 85. Carlos thinks he got about an 85, but he actually earned a 50. His overestimation of his grade is due to the ____________________ Effect.

growth

The belief that intelligence can be developed and increased through effort and practice is known as a ______________ mindset.

Self-enhancement effect

The finding that people can boost their own self-evaluations by using downward comparison is known as what effect?

Hope and inspiration

What are two positive outcomes of using upward comparison?

self-esteem

What is the term for the feeling of confidence in one's own abilities or worth?

proximity

When a person is closer to a given comparison standard value, she is more likely to be competitive than if she were further away. The relative closeness is known as _______________.

social comparison

When people mentally compare themselves to others in order to understand their own abilities, they are using ______________________.

downward

When visiting a coworker's house for the first time, Justin thinks to himself, "Well, at least my house isn't THIS dirty!" What type of comparison is Justin using?