Social Determinants of Health

What is necessary for good health?

"Good health results from good systems of public health and medical care, from sound public policies that create the social conditions that support health, and from individual decisions and behaviors that value health."

What are social determinants of health?

A range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors contribute to individual and population health.

How does being part of a social network impact health?

Belonging to a social network of communication and mutual obligation makes people feel cared for, loved, esteemed and valued. has a powerful protective effect on health.

What does the Barker Hypothesis state?

Disturbed intrauterine growth has a negative influence on the development of the cardiovascular system; favors adult occurrence of HTN, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia

__________ also matters because it can provide us with the knowledge, skills, confidence, connections and opportunities we need to negotiate the world and exert greater control over our lives - what experts call the "pile up" of advantage/disadvantage.

Education

What are factors that shape health?

Individual and community socioeconomic factors; social norms, social support and community connectedness; employment and working conditions; living conditions; and culture, religion, and ethnicity

________ and _________ for health need to address the social determinants of health, attacking the causes of ill health before they can lead to problems.

Policy and action

The more education one has, the more likely they are to be ___________.

aware of healthy choices

People who have more control over their work have _______ ______.

better health

What does cycling, walking, and use of public transport promote?

better health by providing exercise, reduce fatal accidents, increase social contract, reduce air pollution

How can a transport policy play a key role in combating sedentary lifestyles?

by reducing reliance on cars, increasing walking, expanding public transport

How is stress detrimental?

damaging to health and may lead to premature death d/t excess fight-flight response

What does workplace stress increase risk of?

disease

_________ is an important predictor of health and provides clear correlation between health and learning at all ages.

education

The safety, quality and sustainability of the environment, provides basic necessities such as what?

food, water, air/sunshine, materials for shelter, clothing and industry, opportunities for recreation

__________ _________ is NOT the primary determinant of health status.

health care

Why is it vital to support mothers and young children?

health impact of early development and education lasts a lifetime

What does job security increase?

health, well-being, and job satisfaction

Higher rates of unemployment cause more ______ and _______ ________.

illness; premature death

What is the greatest predictor and impact of health status?

income

Societies with high levels of _________ __________ tend to have less social cohesion and more violent crime.

income inequity

Per HP 2020, what often makes poor health outcomes worse?

interaction between individuals and their social and physical environment

What creates the social and economic environment of a community?

is created by the individual and combined actions of its members and is unique because of social norms and cultural customs.

What is absolute poverty?

lack of the basic material necessities of life - continues to exist.

What does healthy transportation mean?

less driving; more walking/cycling

Increasing evidence that repeated activation of the stress response in children can literally affect the "wiring" of the brain. What does this lead to?

less resilience, helplessness, anger/depression, increased susceptibility to obesity and illness in adulthood

What is associated with lower socioeconomic status?

lower life expectancy, increased rates of M/M-health disparities, effects are cumulative -- greater length of time in poverty = greater negative effects

What is relative poverty?

means being much poorer than most people in society and is often defined as living on less than 60% of the national median income.

What has residential crowding been linked with?

physical illness, including infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and respiratory infections, and with psychological distress among both adults and children

__________ ____________ during pregnancy can lead to less than optimal fetal development via a chain that may include deficiencies

poor circumstances

What is the single greatest factor contributing to poorer health outcomes?

poverty

What does good health involve?

reduce levels of educational failure, reduce insecurity and unemployment, improving housing standards

Why is qualities of housing extremely important?

risk of lead poising in homes built before 1978; water leaks - runoff water/ecoli from field; pests- roaches feces trigger asthma; indoor air quality (radon inc. risk of lung cancer); structural features in homes, including steep staircases and balconies, lack of safety devices such as window guards and smoke detectors, and substandard heating systems.

Because health is more than just healthcare, it is important nurses learn the _____ _____ of issues.

root cause

Awareness and concern about the link between health status and ____________ environment has been increasing in health sector.

social/economic environment

Who suffers the highest rates of premature death?

those living on streets

T/F: Healthy People 2020 addresses health disparities, and this shows racial and ethnic background has profound effects on individual's health primarily because of different social and economic experiences.

true

T/F: The important public health issue is the availability and cost of healthy, nutritious food.

true

T/F: The psychosocial environment at work is an important determinant of health and contributor to the social gradient in ill health.

true

People who live in, or have left, institutions, such as prisons, children's homes and psychiatric hospitals, are particularly _________.

vulnerable

Your _____ _______ is more important than your genetic code on influence on health.

zip code