social psych exam 3

What is the exception to the general equation of "increased contact=greater liking"?

Negative initial reactions lead to reduced attraction

Vivica finds Dion physically attractive. Judging from his appearance, she assumes that he is also outgoing and honest. Vivica is displaying the ______________.

Halo effect

Popular wisdom is often contradictory, as with the following two sayings: 1) "Opposites attract", 2) "birds of a feather flock together". Research on the relationship between similarity and liking suggests that:

#2 is more accurate, people tend to be more attracted to those who are similar to themselves.

Jessie, Adam, Charles, and Paul were in the parking lot and saw a man as he fled from a convenience store after a robbery. When the police question the four friends, Paul answered first, saying that it was a black man who drove away in an older Pontiac car. Adam agreed with Paul fairly quickly. Jessie, who is not absolutely sure of the race of the suspect, is likely to _______ with Paul and Adam because of the effect of ___________ social influence.

Agree; informational

Why do evolutionary psychologists hypothesize that women prefer older, higher status men?

Because these traits indicate a greater ability to provide for and protect offspring

At school, Carl falls down the stairs and badly sprains his ankle. When will Carl most likely receive help?

Before school starts when only one other student is in the hallway.

Informational influence occurs primarily because people:

Are uncertain regarding the correct answer and look to others for guidance.

Sherif (1936) asked groups of participants to estimate the distance moved by a point of light. He found that

As the study progressed, the participants estimates became closer together and a group norm emerged.

Another reason why Milgrams teachers may have continued administering electric shocks even when the learner expressed pain was that they

Attributed responsibility

The tendency to alter thoughts, feelings, and behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms is called

Conformity

To increase the likelihood that a person with a minority opinion can influence the majority, the person with the minority opinion needs to be

Consistent and confident

Three college friends went swimming in a local creek, ignoring both a No trespassing sign and a No Swimming sign. These friends were violating ____________ ________.

Injunctive norms

Recent recreations of Milgram's study demonstrate that:

Destructive obedience to authority today is pretty much the same as what it was in Milgrams study

Steven sees an emergency and then his empathy is aroused; he then provides help simply because the victim needed help and it felt good to provide help. This example illustrates the ___________.

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

Seeking compliance through faltering the other person is based on the underlying principle of ________

Friendship/liking

Which of the following influences pressure to conform:

Group size, group cohesiveness, unanimity/agreement of group members.

Angela and Becky are good friends. Carol greatly dislikes Angela but is not acquainted with Becky. Given this information, if Carol sees Angela and Becky interacting, Carol is MOST likely to react to Becky by _________.

Having a negative reaction towards her

Emily, who is always slightly depressed, helps a little boy find his mom at the mall. Emily is surprised to find her mood has improved. This is likely because _______

Helping a person often relieves a negative mood

Kevin is writing an ad for the singles section of his local newspaper. According to the evolutionary theory of attraction, which piece of information below should he mention to increase the odds that women will respond to his ad?

His income

As compared to conformity, compliance occurs

In response to a direct request

Martha tells her friend June "Didnt you har that eating lots of garlic is good for you?" If June then changes her eating habits to include a lot of garlic, it would be due to _______________ social influence

Informational

According to evolutionary psychologists, our preference for symmetrical faces results from _____

Its evolutionary relationship to genetic fitness

In any emergency, a helpful bystander can increase the helpfulness of others because the bystander serves as a social ________.

Model

While walking through Central Park, Mark sees a man being attacked mugged. There are many people around the scene, and many of these people are holding phones. Mark is concerned for the man but ultimately does nothing. Marks actions can best be explained by the concept of _______ ____________ ________.

Kin selection theory

James, a 17 year old high school student has just moved to a new city and enrolled in a new school. At his old school, there were strong social norms against teenagers smoking cigarettes. At his new school, however, several of his new friends regularly smoke and say to him, "C'mon, don't be a jerk, have one of mine". As a result, Jamies is likely to begin smoking because of the _______ ______ ___________.

Normative social influence.

Attraction toward another increases if the other person __________ and decreases if the other person:

Produces positive affect; produces negative affect

Zimbardos prison experiment demonstrates that ____________ can overpower ___________, and people may conform to expected roles.

Situations; personalities

Janet often encounters John at school. Because of this, they end up becoming friends. This scenario illustrates how _______ influences interpersonal attraction.

Proximity

Erin has been living with her boyfriend for a year. During that time, Erin has heard her boyfriend and his family make many negative comments about Asians. When her boyfriends family is around, erin also occasionally makes negative comments about Asians, even though she doesn't believe these comments are based in fact. This situation best represents the distinction between ___________ and ____________.

Public conformity, private acceptance

Recall that through either photographic or computer technology, researchers can make a composite (or "averaged") face out of any number of individual faces. When people are asked to rate the attractiveness of composite faces relative to individual faces,

Regardless of sex, people tend to prefer composite faces.

Which of the following strategies has been shown to contribute to sharp reductions in destructive obedience?

Reminding individuals that they, rather than authorities, are responsible for any harm produced

Suppose Diane and Mark, as first-year graduate students, are assigned dorm rooms right next door to each other. Shortly thereafter, they begin dating, and after college, they get married. The factor that would be most likely responsible for their initial acquaintance is _____________.

Repeated exposure due to proximity

Marielle wants an extra day to write a paper for class. She asks the professor for a one-week extension for the paper assignment. The professor refused. She then asks for a one-day extension. The professor agrees. Marielles behavior best illustrates __________

The door in the face technique

When trying to close a car sale, Jerry often tries to sweeten the deal by telling the customer that he will throw 6 free oil changes in as well. This sales technique is best described as

Thats-not-all technique

Which of the following are presumed to have influenced the amount of obedience exhibited in the Milgram obedience study

The fast pace of the experiment, Foot in the door, The norm to obey authority

As he was about to enter the mall, Evan was approached by someone and asked to wear a small green ribbon on his shirty to show his support for the "Save the squirrels" campaign. Evan wasn't quite sure that squirrels were actually endangered, but he agreed to wear the ribbon. A week later, Evan was approached again and asked to contribute 10$ to help save the squirrels. Though he would have rather spent his money elsewhere, he agreed. Evan has been the victim of ___________

The foot-in-the-door technique

In Asch's classic experiment, a standard-setting line was first presented to small groups of people, followed by the presentation of three comparison lines of different lengths. In one condition, three accomplices, posing as students, chose an incorrect answer before the subject could respond. Frequently, the subject would then also select an incorrect response. This result illustrates:

The influence of group pressure to conform

Symbolic social influence refers to the idea that _______

We can be influenced by a person who isn't physically present with us

Festinger, Schachter and Back (1950) traced friendship formation among coupes in an apartment complex at MIT. They found that residents were most likely to be friends with people:

Who lived closer to them.

Normative influence tends to occur primarily when people ___________

fear the negative social consequence of appearing deviant and different