Social Psych
A person who values discipline, honors commitments, and does a good job in any setting displays ______.
"Protestant work ethic"
According to the FBI, what percentage of hostages end up agreeing with their captors demands or feeling friendship or even romantic attachment to their captors?
8%
Who is the best example of a task leader?
Anna, who comes in with a list of prioritized activities
When Zimbardo put women in masks and asked them to shock people, what did he discover?
Anonymity resulted in masked women being more aggressive than women wearing nametags
Which important question of social psychology explores the influence of nature or nurture?
Are we shaped more by biological factors of environmental factors?
Why do anxious people tend to avoid each other?
Because they want nonanxious people to help them feel calm
Who is the best example of a social leader?
Brad, who checks in with the emotional state of the team
Who is the best example of a transactional leader?
Catherine, who promises bonuses if the job is finished on time
Which of the following is the best example of collectivism?
Cora makes sure all of her guests are served before she eats
In 1973, these two researchers staged what is now known as "The Good Samaritan" experiment.
Darley and Baston
Who is the best example of a transformational leader?
David, who encourages everyone to work hard as a team
What does research show about deindividuation and gender?
Females are as likely to be aggressive as males when deindividuated
Which is an example of social contagion?
Five kids sit sideways on a school bus. Soon most of the kids are doing the same
Which of the following focuses on the effects of personality and situation?
interactionist perspective
Which is the best example of a statement from someone low in conformity?
I like to stand out in a crowd
Which of the following is the best example of a planning fallacy?
I should need less time in the lab than other students to finish my project
Which social psychology researcher said "There is nothing so practical as a good theory."
Kurt Lewin
Which term describes the combination of several influences on an outcome?
interactions
Which of the following is an example of compliance?
NOT A boy gets the same kind of sneakers that his friends wear
A study compares the social behaviors between individuals in eastern and western cultures. Which important question of social psychology does this study seek to explore?
NOT Is personality or environment more influential?
People tend to stereotype because they are lazy thinkers and adopt mental shortcuts wherever possible. What is the other name for this term?
NOT adaptive categorization
According to the article, "A Question of Resilience," research has demonstrated that ___________ can influence resilience.
NOT all answers are correct
Sherry gave her instructor a negative evaluation. This evaluation is an example of ______.
NOT infromational belief or attitude object
Reggie emphasizes the importance of the group goals and consistently exhorts the group to be dedicated to each other and the team mission. What best describes his leadership style?
NOT social
Planning a career as a criminal profiler because of television crime dramas is an example of ______.
NOT social psychology
Carl feels a sense of proud kinship when he sees other gay men dressing in current styles. This is an example of ______.
NOT stereotype or adaptive response
If one group is in competition with another group, and the groups can be clearly defined, what is a likely result?
Prejudice will develop between the groups, such as assigning bad motives to the whole group
Which Sherif study involved investigating prejudice at a boys' camp in Oklahoma?
Remember the Titans Study
Why may people with low self-esteem be more persuadable?
They judge others to be better at decision-making
What is a bogus pipeline?
a fake lie detector
Which is the best example of a bogus pipeline?
a large machine with lots of buttons
There is increasing evidence that shows which of the following between low self-esteem and social problems?
correlation
Which term describes the application of scientific principles to social problem solving in a naturalistic setting?
action research
What is the tendency to think of personality when explaining other people's behavior but external, situational causes when explaining our own behavior?
actor-observer bias
What personality trait is associated with cooperation and sympathy and is positively correlated with helping.
agreeableness
A researcher is using observational methods to understand one particular culture's views of appropriate grieving behaviors. With which discipline is the researcher likely associated?
anthropology
While reading about stereotypes, you take a moment to consider ways you may have stereotyped someone. This is an example of how you might_____.
apply social psychological topics to your own life
Confusion over why someone treats you in a particular way is called ______.
attributional ambiguity
One type of mental shortcut makes some things easier to remember. Which is it?
availability heuristic
Seeing multiple stories about the same shark attack led people to believe that shark attacks are common because the stories came easily to mind. This is an example of what concept?
availability heuristic
Research indicates that people with fragile but high self-esteem may have which of the following characteristics?
avoid helpful feedback
What describes the ability to analyze and explore new ideas in an open-minded way?
critical thinking
Diffusion of responsibility is also called what?
bystander effect
A collection of shared beliefs is called ______.
culture
Which are single instances or examples that have often further the field of psychological science?
case studies
Which of the following means to use a single person or event to test a hypothesis?
case study
The case of Phineas Gage was one of the first to show that self-insight is tied to which of the following?
certain regions of the brain
Selecting information that supports your viewpoint and ignoring other information is known as ______.
cherry-picking data
Festinger proposed that doomsday cult members became more committed to their groups after the proposed "doomsday" came and went in order to avoid ______.
cognitive dissonance
Carlos is a graduate of Harvard University. He takes great pride in this, and stills cheers on Harvard sports teams. Which of the following does Carlos likely have high levels of?
collective self-esteem
The "learners" in the Milgram studies were always what?
confederates
In which situation is logic most likely to be used?
constructing a business plan
What happens to diffusion of responsibility when reaction to a situation requires help from multiple people instead of just one?
decreases
When people say that participants are WEIRD, they are concerned with what issue?
generalizability
What is one explanation for the mixed results of the brainstorming study with the advertising personnel employed by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company?
diffusion of responsibility
Tom checks his wallet every time he walks near homeless people. This is an example of ______.
discrimination
Making sure that researchers come from different backgrounds is a way to help advance _____ in social psychology.
diversity
In which situation is intuition most likely to be used?
driving a car
What sort of prosocial behaviors done in exchange for some kind of benefit?
egotistic altruism
What is the concept that humans engage in prosocial behaviors to help someone in need?
empathy-altruism
What is the belief that your life is controlled by fate?
external locus of control
A negative correlation describes when two variables trend downward together.
false
According to Brannan and colleagues, only good people like Dr. Brannan forgive others
false
According to Hoehm an Lyubomirsky, unhappy people tend to not dwell or self-reflect on themselves as much as happy people. They do not want to know how bad their life really is.
false
An alarming number of popular beliefs about psychology can actually be proven true.
false
If you take responsibility for helping someone, you will definitely help them.
false
In the article on the culture of affluence, one researcher found that the inconsistent (fluctuating) caregiving for the affluent child does not interfere with their secure sense of self.
false
People raised in small towns are more likely to help others, not matter where they currently live.
false
Positive psychology is a new approach to psychology.
false
Subjective elements of a culture are clothes, foods, art, and media
false
Which term describes the ability to test whether a hypothesis can be disproved?
falsification
One member of the group is lazy and lets others do the bulk of the work. What would this member be called?
free rider
Individual, positive, personal interactions are called ______.
friendship contracts
Which of the following reinforces the idea that bullies tend to select weaker targets?
frustration-aggression theory
Many people explain poverty as being related to a flaw in the impoverished person's character. What might explain this assumption?
fundamental attribution error
A common complaint about psychology research is that participants are too homogenous. What is most likely to be limited as a result?
generalizability
Serving on a jury is an example of ______.
group decision making
When someone uses a single piece of information as the basis for forming and impression, this is known as ______.
halo effect
Long before the push for more research into positive psychology, the disciplines principles were already being applied to which field?
health promotion
What is a mental shortcut that makes it easier to solve difficult problems?
heuristic
According to the article on the culture of affluence, the researchers reported that in one study that affluent youth reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression than children from low SES (Luthar & D'Avanzo, 1999).
higher levels of anxiety and depression than children from low SES (Luthar & D'Avanzo, 1999).
Charles Darwin's study of self-awareness began with naturalistic observation of which of the following?
his child
Which of the following is thought of as an early sign of self-awareness in humans?
imitating
______ are always based on automatic, unconscious beliefs.
implicit attitudes
The specific mechanisms of positive psychology that promote better health are ______.
in need of further research
Which principle is defined by the probability that our genetic heritage will be preserved in the offspring of relatives?
inclusive fitness
According to Brannan and colleagues, the way a a person views a person who has harmed them serves a number of important functions such as
it can support and enable harmony within interpersonal relationships
Which of the following is true about the halo effect?
it only requires a small amount of information
Drew is an outspoken individual who is known for saying exactly what he thinks, no matter the social situation. Drew is most likely to be considered which of the following?
low self-monitor
The company is putting together a group to work on a new project. Which of the following would help reduce social loafing?
make sure the group members know each other
A schema is a type of what?
mental structure
Groups that cultures generally have
nationality, language, ethnicity
Self-perception theory proposes that we form our self-concept through which action?
observing our own behaviors
Using a racial slur would be an example of what?
old-fashioned prejudice
Which of the following is sometimes called a "before-after design?"
one-group pretest-posttest
Endorsing someone else's values to gain their favor describes which term?
opinion conformity
At the beginning of a job interview, Mauri tells the interviewer that she likes the interviewer's scarf. What is this an example of?
other-enhancement
Social identity theory postulates that self-concept is comprised of which of the following?
personal characteristics and social roles
Positive psychology has brought particular attention to ______.
personal resilience
Positive psychology is a new approach to psychology.
personal resilience
Lewin's equation shows that which two factors influence individual behaviors?
personality and environment
One reason we might not interpret an emergency as what it really is could be what?
pluralistic ignorance
Sometimes bullies are allowed to keep being abusive because group members think that no one else believes the bully is being aggressive. What term best describes this situation?
pluralistic ignorance
According to Boehm and Lyubomirsky, happy people generally see the world as more _________ overall.
positive
Cat feels angry when she sees a group of Jews leaving their synagogue. This is an example of ______.
prejudice
Gerald feels disgusted when he sees someone paying for groceries using food stamps. This is an example of ______.
prejudice
What does the "p" in p value stand for?
probability
What do memory structures allow humans to do?
process information almost automatically
Giving a percentage of your income to the poor is one of the five Pillars of Islam. It is also an example of what?
prosocial behavior
Most of the world's major religions have norms that require generosity and encourage giving to the poor. These norms support what?
prosocial behavior
In Captain America, Steve Rogers displays what type of altruism when he jumps on the grenade to save everyone else?
pure
Which research tool makes all groups in a particular experiment equal before any intervention takes place?
random assignment to groups
Free samples often encourage people to buy more of an item. This works because of which of the following?
reciprocity norm
What is consistence of measurement, over time or multiple testing occasions?
reliability
All criteria for a good-quality study can be strengthened by what?
replication
Being allowed to leave a study or skip portions of a study means that participants have which of the following?
right to withdraw
Which of the following describes an orientation to care for oneself?
self-compassion
Which of the following contributes to self-esteem?
self-efficacy
______ cognitive bias is a term that describes cognitive distortions that enhance our self-concept by making us perceive ourselves a slightly better than we actually are?
self-serving
What is pure altruism motivated by?
selfless desire to help
Which of the following is the most likely reason a person would join a group celebrating their ethnic heritage?
sense of identity
The scientific method requires which of the following?
skeptical questioning of observations
A researcher who is interested in behaviors in romantic relationships would study which aspect of social psychology?
social behavior
Which of the following refers to a general tendency to exhibit outgroup prejudice?
social dominance orietation
Prejudice against particular groups provides a mental and emotional shortcut that allows us to maintain a positive view of our self and our ingroups. This is the application of which theory?
social identity theory
What is the concept that humans engage in prosocial behaviors to fit in to our group's expectations of social behavior?
social norms
The advertisement stated that "Most people prefer our bubble gum to the national brands." This advertisement is appealing to ______.
social power
In which area was the first positive psychology experiment conducted?
sports pscyhology
Which of the following term refers to our beliefs about a given group and how we perceive them?
steroetype
Social psychology is different from clinical psychology because clinical psychology primarily focuses on which of the following?
the unhealthy patterns of abnormal behavior
A function of culture is that it provides guidelines or roadmaps on what to do, how to think, and what to feel
true
According to social comparison theory, we automatically compare our own abilities to the abilities of others.
true
One definition of culture is the unique information system, shared by group, and transmitted across generations
true
Statistical significance means that a pattern of data likely didn't happen by chance.
true
There is a lot of overlap between sports psychology and positive psychology
true
Using the collective insights of many people to test, develop, and refine new ideas, products, and services is called "crowd sourcing" or ______.
wisdom of crowds