social psychology ch 9

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responding in an emergency

The case of Kitty Genovese- attacked in NY -John Darley/Bibb Latane

the role of empathy

1) understanding (cognitive) sympathy 2)affective component (experiences)

personality difference in prosocial responding

1)altrusim vs egoism 2)the role of empathy 3)personality factors

john darley and bibb latane

1)bystander effect 2)diffusion of responsibility

what is the helpful personality

1)empathy 2)belief in a just world(karma) 3)social responsibility 4)internal locus of control -i can make a difference 5)low egocentrism -less selfish

prosocial behavior

any beneficial/helpful act towards another person regardless of whether it is selfish or not

kin selection theory

biological component -makes sense to help others that are like you to promote more like you ex-humans, race

the competitive altruism approach

doing a helpful act for someone to get long-term recognition, boosts their own status and reputation.

altruism

helpful behavior & you get NOTHING out of it -selfless

gratitude

just hearing a thank you will go a long way and will promote them to be more helpful moving forward

the negative state relief model

sometimes people WILL help when in a bad mood to reduce his or her own uncomfortable negative emotions or feelings

the empathic joy hypothesis

sometimes will ONLY help if they think the person will be appreciative -only help for recognition

models of prosocial behavior

the more examples of seeing people be helpful the more likely you are to help

prosocial acts motivation

volunteerism-selfish act -values -understanding -enhancement -career -social -protective

bystander effect

when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation

situational factors in deciding to help someone

1)helping those we like 2)attributions of victim responsibility 3)models of prosocial behavior 4)gratitude

how it feels to receive help

1)impacts self-esteem -non-threatening group (can raise self esteem) - friend/someone similar to you (can lower self esteem) 2)motivation behind helping will be a factor -ex: if they HAVE to help you

personality factors

1)need for affiliation 2)interpersonal trust 3)machiavellianism

the 5 essential steps in helping

1)noting the emergency event 2)interpreting the emergency correctly 3)assuming that it is your responsibility to help 4)knowing what to do 5)deciding to help

motivational factors in deciding to help someone

1)self-interests (egoism) 2)moral integrity 3)moral hypocrisy

theories of prosocial behavior

1)the empathy-altruism hypothesis 2)the negative-state relief model 3)the empathic joy hypothesis 4)the competitive altruism approach 5)kin selection theory 6)defensive helping

helping those we like

1)the wrong number technique you call someone because its the only person you can afford ex- if person does not like your sexual orientation they will not make the call

diffusion of responsibility

assume someone else will do something when in fact they dont

why people dont ask for help

gender age socio economic status they think they know everything

defensive helping

helping others to make them dependent on you and then being able to manipulate them -to reduce out group threat

the empathy altruism hypothesis

if you can put yourself in someone elses shoes you can see where people are coming from and be more understanding -help because we can relate

factors that reduce helping

social exclusion darkness- believe others cant see you putting economic value on your time

pluralistic ignorance

when people are in a group they act stupid, they wait for others to react

attributions of victim responsibility

we are less likely to help if we believe the victim is to blame


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