social psychology ch 9
responding in an emergency
The case of Kitty Genovese- attacked in NY -John Darley/Bibb Latane
the role of empathy
1) understanding (cognitive) sympathy 2)affective component (experiences)
personality difference in prosocial responding
1)altrusim vs egoism 2)the role of empathy 3)personality factors
john darley and bibb latane
1)bystander effect 2)diffusion of responsibility
what is the helpful personality
1)empathy 2)belief in a just world(karma) 3)social responsibility 4)internal locus of control -i can make a difference 5)low egocentrism -less selfish
prosocial behavior
any beneficial/helpful act towards another person regardless of whether it is selfish or not
kin selection theory
biological component -makes sense to help others that are like you to promote more like you ex-humans, race
the competitive altruism approach
doing a helpful act for someone to get long-term recognition, boosts their own status and reputation.
altruism
helpful behavior & you get NOTHING out of it -selfless
gratitude
just hearing a thank you will go a long way and will promote them to be more helpful moving forward
the negative state relief model
sometimes people WILL help when in a bad mood to reduce his or her own uncomfortable negative emotions or feelings
the empathic joy hypothesis
sometimes will ONLY help if they think the person will be appreciative -only help for recognition
models of prosocial behavior
the more examples of seeing people be helpful the more likely you are to help
prosocial acts motivation
volunteerism-selfish act -values -understanding -enhancement -career -social -protective
bystander effect
when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation
situational factors in deciding to help someone
1)helping those we like 2)attributions of victim responsibility 3)models of prosocial behavior 4)gratitude
how it feels to receive help
1)impacts self-esteem -non-threatening group (can raise self esteem) - friend/someone similar to you (can lower self esteem) 2)motivation behind helping will be a factor -ex: if they HAVE to help you
personality factors
1)need for affiliation 2)interpersonal trust 3)machiavellianism
the 5 essential steps in helping
1)noting the emergency event 2)interpreting the emergency correctly 3)assuming that it is your responsibility to help 4)knowing what to do 5)deciding to help
motivational factors in deciding to help someone
1)self-interests (egoism) 2)moral integrity 3)moral hypocrisy
theories of prosocial behavior
1)the empathy-altruism hypothesis 2)the negative-state relief model 3)the empathic joy hypothesis 4)the competitive altruism approach 5)kin selection theory 6)defensive helping
helping those we like
1)the wrong number technique you call someone because its the only person you can afford ex- if person does not like your sexual orientation they will not make the call
diffusion of responsibility
assume someone else will do something when in fact they dont
why people dont ask for help
gender age socio economic status they think they know everything
defensive helping
helping others to make them dependent on you and then being able to manipulate them -to reduce out group threat
the empathy altruism hypothesis
if you can put yourself in someone elses shoes you can see where people are coming from and be more understanding -help because we can relate
factors that reduce helping
social exclusion darkness- believe others cant see you putting economic value on your time
pluralistic ignorance
when people are in a group they act stupid, they wait for others to react
attributions of victim responsibility
we are less likely to help if we believe the victim is to blame