Social Psychology Test 3

Which of the following individuals is acting in a "practitioner" capacity in the scientist-practitioner model of industrial/organizational psychology?

Charmaine, who is working on applying a new schedule that rotates employee responsibilities to eliminate boredom.

Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience (1963, 1965, 1974) and more recent replications have shown that:

Female participants obediently shocked the experimental victim at a rate similar to males in the Milgram and other studies.

One of the earlier pioneers of I/O psychology, Frederick Taylor, is noted for having studied how workers shoveled coal. Which of the following was not one of the results of his analyses?

He implemented a policy where workers were paid based on the total weight of coal they shoveled in a shift

People who have a high social dominance orientation (SDO) are likely to agree with which of the following statements?

Hierarchies are natural, some groups are simply better than others.

Which of the following individuals is considered the "founding father" of industrial/organizational psychology?

Hugo Munsterberg

Kylo is taking a social psychology course and his teacher asks students to take a computerized test that asks them to sort pictures into different categories, such as "good" and "bad." The goal of this test is to help identify automatic preferences of which a person may not be consciously aware. What is this test called?

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

The "Dark Triad of Personality," a clustering of personality traits that are associated with aggression, include narcissism, psychopathy, and ________.

Machiavellianism

Ruby is angry at her little sister for wearing Ruby's favorite shirt without permission and then spilling paint on it. Ruby walks over to her sister and yells at her. Ruby's actions are an example of ________.

aggression

What is the difference between aggressive behaviors and violent actions?

aggression may cause harm, but violence is intended to cause extreme physical harm (e.g., injury or death)

Aversive racism is an example of ________ bias.

ambiguous

Asch's study on conformity, where participants had to make line-judgments, can be best explained by what concept?

normative influence

Which of the following would be good advice for treating aggressive tendencies?

start the treatment young, when people are still malleable and open to change

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding violence throughout history?

the level of violence in the world has decreased over time, even over the last decades

Which of the following has not been a focus of research into when people help others?

the physical distance between the bystander and the emergency

Under which of the following circumstances would a cost-benefit analysis be most likely to result in a person offering helpful assistance?

when the costs are low and the rewards are high

__________ is the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.

persuasion

Sometimes a person looks to others to determine whether help needs to be offered in an ambiguous situation. When this person incorrectly concludes that no help is necessary, this is called ________ ignorance.

pluralistic

Tracy enters a car dealership interested in buying a new car. Immediately she is greeted by a salesman offering her water or soda and a cookie. The salesman is likely relying on what social norm to help persuade Tracy to buy a car?

reciprocity

Which trick to persuasion can be loosely summarized by the saying, "If you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours?"

reciprocity

Bettie and Verona used to be best friends, but Bettie got angry when Verona didn't come to her birthday party. Since then, Bettie has been spreading rumors about Verona. Bettie is engaging in ________ aggression.

relational

Intentionally harming another person's social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion within a group is called ________ aggression.

relational

A person who is high in the characteristic of other-oriented empathy would be most likely to make which of the following statements?

"we have a moral obligation to help others when they are in need"

At what age do people appear to be the most aggressive?

1 to 3 years

Estimates suggest that if the wars of the 20thcentury had killed the same proportion of the total population as ancient tribal wars did, then the death toll from those conflicts would have exceeded ________ people.

2 billion

What is a primary obstacle that prevents people from engaging in cooperative actions?

A divide between personal and collective interests.

Uncritical trust in authority can lead to significant problems for several reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Authority figures quite often have hidden agendas that must be protected against.

Which of the following is the best historical example of how cooperation?

Construction of the "Chunnel" that connects France and England.

Which of the following is not one of the constraints that explains why people may behave differently at work than they would in other areas of their lives?

Employees tend to immediately leave a job that they do not like.

Which historical event led directly to Milgram's research on obedience?

German citizens' willingness to go along with Nazi leaders during the Holocaust

What type of tool is used to measure automatic preferences such as one's attitude toward different groups?

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

In Asch's classic study of conformity, what were research participants asked to do?

Judge the sizes of lines that were on a card held a few feet away from them.

Which husband and wife team conducted time and motion studies, worked for General Electric to develop foot-pedal trash cans and redesign shelves in refrigerators, and had their lives documented in the book Cheaper By the Dozen?

Lillian and Frank Gilbreth

Based on your understanding of the research of Solomon Asch, you know that of all of the following choices, the person most likely to demonstrate conformity would be:

Mika, a 23-year old Japanese woman

Which researcher produced the famous studies of obedience that involved deceiving participants into believing that they were delivering electric shocks to a helpless victim?

Milgram

When she is feeling very angry at her boss, Lucia comes home and spends an hour punching the punching bag she has hung in the basement. Catharsis theory predicts that this will reduce her anger and aggressive feelings. Does research support this notion?

No. The research suggests that Lucia will become even angrier.

Jacqueline is trying to decide what occupation will be best for her. She wants to gather information about what knowledge, skills, and abilities are needed for various careers, as well as learning about the responsibilities and tasks of those jobs. Which resource should she explore?

O*Net

Under which of the following circumstances would you expect a person to demonstrate the highest level of conformity in Solomon Asch's research protocol?

Orlando has to give his choice out loud.

Which of the following statements is true of Asch's research on conformity in groups?

Participants conformed with the group norm on about a one-third of the total trials.

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding blatant biases?

People who openly hate one group of people also tend to hate others.

Physically attractive people experience many benefits in life. Particularly, more physically attractive people have an easier time persuading others. Which characteristic is an example of why this occurs?

Physically attractive people are perceived as having higher moral character.

Alice's Hotel has noticed that they spend a lot of money on water and electricity devoted to washing linens (towels, sheets, and pillowcases). In order to reduce this expense, the owner wants to encourage guests to reuse linens for more than one day. What would be the best way to accomplish this task?

Put a note on the bed indicating that most of their guest reuse linens, and asking this guest to do the same.

Rafael has joined the Spanish Club at his school. According to the social identity theory, what is Rafael likely to do when he meets individuals from the German Club or French Club and defines them as outgroup members?

Rafael will exaggerate the similarities amongst outgroup members.

What is the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination?

Stereotypes are based on beliefs, prejudice is based on emotions, and discrimination is based on behavior.

What is the difference between Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right-Wing Authoritarianism?

SDO concentrates on economic conflicts while Right-wing Authoritarianism concentrates on value conflicts.

In which of the following situations is pluralistic ignorance being demonstrated?

Several people walk by a man who is laying motionless on the sidewalk but nobody helps. Some assume he is homeless and asleep. None recognize that he is in a diabetic coma.

Walking down the street, Areanna is approached by a police officer. The police officer encourages Areanna to be a Good Samaritan and put money in a parking meter that's about to expire on a stranger's car. What factors might lead Areanna to obey this police officer's order and help pay for the parking meter?

She views the police officer as an authority figure.

Beatriz works as an industrial/organizational psychologist and is employed by the Ford Motor Company. She studies their manufacturing processes and makes recommendations about improving productivity. If she wants to be networked with others who do similar job functions, she might consider joining the:

Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP)

________ is division 14 of the American Psychological Association, and it brings together academics and practitioners who work in I/O psychology and related areas.

Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP)

Which researcher is well-known for having conducted a study of conformity that involved having participants express a judgment of the sizes of lines?

Solomon Asch

Which company was the central focus of the Hawthorne Studies of the late 1920s?

The Western Electric Company

When she comes to work, Janelle notes that her boss has changed the chair that is at her desk after she complained that she had been having back pain. Janelle feels more satisfied and happier at work now. According to the Hawthorne Effect, what explains Janelle's increased sense of positivity at work?

The knowledge that her boss has paid attention to her.

Ethical concerns have been raised about Stanley Milgram's obedience research. Specifically, some have suggested that the project caused too much distress in the participants, distress that could not be justified. If you were asked your opinion of this issue, which of the following would be a legitimate response?

The majority of participants reported that they were pleased to have participated in the research, so it does not seem to have been damaging to most of those who were involved.

In Stanley Milgram's research examining obedience, the participant was able to discontinue the experiment only after what took place?

The participant stated that he/she did not want to continue participating 4 consecutive times.

Which of the following is an example of manipulating the trustworthiness of a speaker?

The speaker presents his/her message as educational or objective information.

Carol and Martin are participating in the Prisoner's Dilemma, where each is promised a certain amount of money for either cooperating or defecting. If Carol and Martin are married and their goal is to win the highest possible combined total of money, what should they each do?

They should both cooperate.

Most researchers define ________ as any behavior intended to harm another person who does not want to be harmed.

aggression

What was one correct outcome of Asch's classic research on conformity in groups?

Three-quarters of the participants conformed to the incorrect group norm at least one time.

The ________ route to persuasion employs direct, relevant, and logical messages to convince a listener to make a specific change.

central

If you were in graduate school for psychology right now, would I/O psychology be a good choice based on career prospects?

Yes, estimates suggest that the field is expected to grow significantly in coming years.

Kelly is at a college party and notices everyone is drinking. She concludes that the majority of students on campus must also drink alcohol frequently. What would we call Kelly's perception of what most people are doing?

a descriptive norm

What is a heuristic?

a mental shortcut that enables a person to make decisions and solve problems quickly and efficiently

Jason believes that all Asian people are good at math. What is this belief an example of?

a stereotype

LaRae is described by her friends and coworkers as being very helpful and generous. They all note that she behaves in ways that make her likeable and that foster harmonious relationships among others. LaRae would probably receive a high score in a measure of ________.

agreeableness

Eriqa's neighbor, Peter, has a flood that ruins his apartment. Eriqa invites him to wait in her home for the clean-up professionals to arrive. When they don't come, Eriqa tells Peter that he can stay in her guest room overnight even though she was looking forward to a night on her own. She does not ask for or expect anything in return. Eriqa is demonstrating ________.

altruism

The desire to help a partner without an expectation of reward, even if such actions bring potential cost to the helper, is called ________.

altruism

What are the three characteristics of a speaker that makes him/her more trustworthy when delivering a persuasive message?

authority, honest, likability

The tendency to overestimate the amount of violence that occurs in the world based on the ease with which you can call a recent example of violence to mind is called the _________ heuristic.

availability

Brandon does not believe he is prejudiced. However, he got very nervous when told he was randomly assigned to room with a man from Costa Rica for his first year in college. He plans to spend as little time as possible in his room because of this reason. Brandon is probably experiencing which of the following?

aversive racism

Why does the field of psychology need a specialized area (I/O psychology) to study work behaviors, since the larger field already studies human behaviors?

because peoplbehavior at work compared with how they behave in general

In a moment of despair, Azucena swallowed a bottle of sleeping pills to try to kill herself. Thankfully her father found her, took her to the hospital, and she was rescued. Why wouldn't this action be considered an act of aggression?

because she actively sought to harm herself

While walking out of a convenience store, Nicholas openly mocks the clerk's accent to his friend. "EVERY convenience store I go into is owned by an Indian," he says. "Can't they do anything else?" Nicholas's open expression of his opinion and his lack of embarrassment suggests that this is a(n) ________ bias.

blatant

Having conscious beliefs, feelings, and behaviors of hostility toward outgroup members that you are perfectly willing to admit reflects what type of bias?

blatant bias

Kyron is driving down the highway when the car in front of him gets a flat tire, swerves, and steers onto the side of the road. Kyron slams on his brakes, jumps out of his car, and runs to help the complete stranger even though he smells smoke coming from the car. Kyron's behaviors demonstrate __________.

bystander intervention

Which term, when applied to aggression, refers to the idea that acting aggressively or viewing such behaviors can purge angry feelings and impulses into harmless channels?

catharsis

Which of the following is the best definition of conformity?

changing one's attitude or behavior to match a perceived social norm

After a new library opens in the community guests borrow almost all of the books within the first week. The manager of the library did not anticipate such interest so she now places a limit of two books on loans so that more people will have access to them. In this case the books in the library are serving as a ________.

common-pool resource

One beach in Malibu, California has been available to beachgoers for years without restriction, but lately so many people have visited it that it has become dirty and littered. As a result nobody wants to go anymore. This beach is an example of a _________.

common-pool resource

Greg and Richard live in a neighborhood where there is a community garden. Each is allowed to take fruit and vegetables for their own family, but they must also remember that if they take too much the garden will fail and nobody will be able to benefit from it. This is analogous to a ________ game.

commons dilemma

Shania notices that all of her high school friends have started wearing glitter eye shadow to school. She doesn't really like the look but she wants to fit in with the crowd, so she starts wearing it too. Shania has engaged in __________.

conformity

According to the stereotype content model, what would be a person's most likely response to a person who is perceived as being low in warmth and low in competence?

contempt

What are the possible actions that a person can take when involved in the prisoner's dilemma?

cooperate or defect

The coordination of multiple partners toward a common goal that will benefit everyone involved is a working definition of _________.

cooperation

A decision-making process that compares how much time and effort would be invested in providing assistance to the perceived rewards or outcomes of that action is called a(n) _________.

cost-benefit analysis

The perception of what most people do in a given situation is called a(n) __________ norm.

descriptive

There are three friends - Masako, Elida, and Renata - who notice that one of the boys in their class looks very sad one morning and is holding back tears. Each of the girls thinks the others will ask him what is wrong and be supportive and so none of them say a word. This failure to act because they thought others would is called ________.

diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following concepts was most at play in the murder of Kitty Genovese and the failure of others to assist her?

diffusion of responsibility

Chukwudi believes that atheists cannot be trusted. As a result, he refuses to hire anyone who does not regularly attend church. Chukwudi's action is an example of __________.

discrimination

The stereotype content model suggests that when we interact with homeless people we feel what type of emotional prejudice?

disgust

Conformity that results from a concern about what others think of us is called __________ influence.

normative

Oscar would like to go to a movie without supervision. To try and get what he wants, he starts by asking his mom if he can go on a trip to the Rollercoaster Park with just his friends. When his mom says no, like he predicted, he goes on to ask if he can at least go to the movies by himself. Oscar's strategy in asking to go to the movies is an example of what persuasion trick?

door-in-the-face

Carl is at a movie where the main character has to endure the death of her husband. During the funeral scene, Carl cries a bit as he feels the pain of the widow's loss. This ability to understand and relate to another person's emotional experience is called ________.

empathy

"In order to want to help other people, you must first imagine yourself in their situation and feel their pain." This statement summarizes the ________ model of prosocial behavior.

empathy-altruism

Which of the following is not one of the general principles of designing work for happiness?

employee selection

The hostile ________ bias occurs when a person assumes that other people will react to potential conflicts with aggressive responses.

expectation

Which of the following is not a part of the proposed "triad of trustworthiness?"

expertise

Latroya, Gary, and Katelyn are assigned to work together in their psychology class. Latroya and Gary are very organized, and start working right away. Katelyn decides that she doesn't have to put forth any effort because the other two will do the job well-enough. If she gets a high grade without contributing to the project, she has demonstrated the ________ problem.

free-rider

One external factor that can lead to aggressive behaviors is ________, which occurs when goal-directed behaviors are blocked. A good example of this would be getting stuck in traffic on your way to a class or an important meeting.

frustration

Annette has provided assistance to others in the past and believes she can be useful to other people. As a result, she is more likely to than others to provide assistance to others in the future. Annette would rate high on a measure of _______.

helpfulness

Which of the following is defined as engaging acts that typically involve situations in which one person is in need and another provides the necessary assistance to eliminate the other's need?

helping

Which of the following combinations would most likely combine to create a person's schema of the "model minority" individual?

high in competence but low in sociability

Angie is on the subway when she notices that the woman in the opposite seat is looking at her. Angie immediately think the other woman wants to have a fight and says, "what are you looking at?" The woman responds by saying she was admiring Angie's earrings, and Angie feels embarrassed. Angie is demonstrating the ________ attribution bias in the way she interpreted the other woman's gaze.

hostile

__________ influence refers to conformity that results from a desire to act in a manner that is clearly socially approved such as speaking softly in libraries.

informational

Nora has decided to visit the new community recreation center for a swim. As she enters the change room she notices both of the two other people present put their shoes into a locker. Before she walks out to the pool she does the same. What concept helps explain her actions?

informational influence

Exposing participants to weak arguments before presenting them with strong persuasive messages helps participants resist persuasion. What is this effect called?

inoculation

When the Sigma Alpha Mu (SAM) fraternity plays the Zeta Beta Tau (ZBT) fraternity in a baseball game, the brothers of the two groups are highly competitive and see each other as enemies. When the SAM and ZBT brothers work together for a charity fundraiser, they are more cooperative and work well together. The difference here represents ___________.

interindividual-intergroup discontinuity.

Which of the following responsibilities would be held by an I/O psychologist whose emphasis was in the area of solving talent management problems?

interviewing employees who are leaving the company to fain insight into disengagement and engagement at work

Industrial/organizational psychology is a social science. This means that:

its findings will always be less exact than the physical sciences.

Showing favoritism for helping one's own blood relatives is called ________

kin selection

Showing favoritism for helping one's own blood relatives is called ________.

kin selection

Lielle studies the jobs at the company for which she works, and explores whether they provide adequate growth opportunities for the employees. Which principle of happiness at work does Lielle's job focus on?

meaningful engagement

Wesley is at a bar and has had far too much to drink. He now focuses his attention on a man sitting across the bar, and for no particular reason decides he doesn't like the man. Wesley pays attention only to the fact that the man is smaller than he, and neglects the fact that the man is sitting with 3 larger buddies. If Wesley provokes a fight, it may be in part due to alcohol _______.

myopia

Ira brags about how wonderful he is, talks endlessly about his accomplishments, and pushes people to admire him. He lashes out when his inflated sense of importance is threatened by others. Ira would rate high in a measure of ________.

narcissism

Jeremiah knows that his roommate Hank has a financial problem, but he really does not want to pay Hank's rent this month. He does so, however, so that he won't feel guilty and sad for declining to offer help. Jeremiah's decision to pay Hank's rent is based on the ________ model.

negative state relief

Which model of helping explains prosocial behaviors as having an egoistic or selfish motivation?

negative state relief

Conformity that results from a concern about what others think of us is called __________ influence

normative

Hammond has just started working at a new job stacking items at the supermarket. He notices that most of his colleagues do stretching exercises before they begin their shift. Hammond assumes that this is a workplace regulation and also begins to do the stretching exercises. Which of the following concepts explains Hammond's behavior?

normative influence

Persuasion is most effective when individuals are:

not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened

Research on social pressure and conformity suggests which of the following factors can help individuals resist conformity in a group?

observing just one person disagreeing with the majority

What are the two sets of characteristics that have been identified in a prosocial personality orientation?

other-oriented empathy and helpfulness

A social category or group with which an individual does not personally identify is called a(n) ________.

outgroup

When he gets to work one morning, Emile notices that his colleague Romero and their supervisor Lisa are having an animated conversation. He immediately assumes that there is a problem and that they are arguing, but later finds out that they were sharing interesting stories from their weekends. Emile's assumption demonstrates the hostile ________ bias.

perception

During a political debate, one candidate continually avoids questions about the details of his policies. Instead, he focuses on pointing out problems that he know worry people and reassures them with a warm smile that they will be "in good hands" if he is elected. This candidate is using the ________ route to persuasion in trying to garner votes.

peripheral

The ________ route to persuasion relies on superficial cues that have little to do with logic. It requires a target who is not thinking carefully about what you are saying.

peripheral

I/O psychology operates from the scientist-________ model, which notes that scientific inquiry that generates knowledge about the work-person interface can then be utilized to organizational problems in real world settings.

practitioner

__________ is an evaluation or emotion toward people merely based on their group membership.

prejudice

Diana and Paul decide to rob a fast food restaurant together but both are caught by the police. They are questioned in separate rooms and each is given the choice to reveal their participation or to stay quiet. If they are promised a lighter sentence for being cooperative and a harsher sentence for refusing to confess, they are engaged in the ________.

prisoner's dilemma

Engaging in actions that benefit another person is called ________behavior.

prosocial

The principle that people will make logical decisions based on maximizing their own gains and benefits is called

rational self-interest.

16-year-old high school student Gregory thinks of himself as a member of the "musical clique" at school and feels that the musicians are the best group of students. He thinks poorly of athletes and spends most of his time with peers who share similar interest. This is an example of __________ theory.

self-categorization

It is a natural and adaptive social process to classify people into groups. However, because we inhabit one of these groups, we tend to favor our ingroup. What concept explains this tendency to put people, including yourself, into groups?

self-categorization theory

Mordechai lives in a neighborhood where nearly every home is owned by other orthodox Jewish families. He is very upset when he finds out that a house on his block has been purchased by a family who is Catholic. He feels that Jewish families are better than others, and does not want this family to live on his block. Mordechai is demonstrating a ________ orientation.

social dominance

According to ________ theory, people tend to categorize each other into groups and then show favoritism to their own group.

social identity

Ben is playing basketball with his friends one day when he notices everyone else has name brand shoes. He is uncertain how the quality of his shoes compares to his friends but because of __________ he feels pressure to conform and ends up buying name brand shoes for himself by the following week.

social proof

Dr. Maweldi is studying children in his laboratory and he places Maryam and Tameika at a table together. The kids are given a plate of chocolates and Tameika is told to decide how many candies she will get and how many Maryam will get. Dr. Maweldi is studying Tameika's ________ when he examines how she allocates the treats to herself and her partner.

social value orientation

The Dean of the Education department at a major college is awarded a $250,000 grant. He is allowed to pay himself out of that grant, and can also use the money for his department's improvement. A study of how much he gives himself and how much he uses for other purposes would be studying the Dean's ________.

social value orientation

The________ content model suggests that we judge social groups based on their perceived warmth and competence.

stereotype

Researchers pointed out to participants how gullible they were in being influenced by advertisements. As a result the participants were less affected by ads. What is technique effect called?

stinging

Elsa purchased concert tickets about two months ago. Today is the concert but it's raining out, meaning Elsa would have to purchase an umbrella and rain boots if she still wants to go. Why is Elsa still likely to be persuaded to attend the concert?

sunk costs

Which of the following is one suggestion for increasing the effectiveness of aggression-reducing interventions?

target as many aggression triggers as possible and deal with them all simultaneously

Which of the following factors does NOT influence conformity?

the age of the group

Which of the following is a true statement regarding aggressive behaviors?

they may have been adaptive in our ancient past

Specific, sometimes minute, aspects of a situation that activate fixed action patterns are called __________ features.

trigger

In perhaps the most famous study ever conducted in social psychology, approximately ______ of men studied were willing to administer a lethal shock of electricity to a helpless victim when they were ordered to do so by a person who appeared to be in a position of authority.

two-thirds

Jabon is given $50 to do with as he sees fit. He can decide how much to give to Alisa. Alisa can accept Jabon's money offer, or she can reject it. If she accepts it they both keep those amounts, but if she rejects it neither gets to keep any money. This situation is an example of the ________.

ultimatum game

Which word would be the best synonym for "empathy?"

understanding

Elden is angry because Martin has been making sexual advances at Elden's wife. Elden goes to Martin's apartment and attacks him. Martin has to be hospitalized. Elden's behaviors are an example of ________.

violence

When a person places him or herself in a position in which he or she might be exploited by another, and does so willingly with the trust that another person will not take advantage of them, they are experiencing a state of ________.

vulnerability

While at an automatic cash machine, Louise is approached by a man who gives her a story about how his car broke down and how he only needs taxi fare to get home. He promises to send her back the money. If Louise gives him the money, knowing that it may never be returned, she is placing herself in a state of ________.

vulnerability

The stereotype content model suggests that we judge social groups on which two features?

warmth and competence

In 1972, the United States Surgeon General issued a warning that there were negative effects that would result from

watching violent television programming.

In the USA some people advocate for "Open Carry" legislation regarding having guns in public. They sometimes argue that having a gun will decrease violence because others will think twice before acting violently. According to the ________, however, the mere presence of a weapon can actually increase aggressive tendencies.

weapons effect

Under which situation is diffusion of responsibility least likely to occur

when the potential helper is the only one present who can help

Which of the following is a traditional female gender role that might impact one's tendency to offer specific types of assistance?

women are compassionate

Yolanda is hosting a jewelry party during which her friends will come to her home and (hopefully) buy jewelry that she recommends. In this situation, there are many different ways in which perceptions of trustworthiness are being manipulated. Which of the following best describes why Yolanda might be successful in selling jewelry?

word of mouth

In Europe, industrial/organizational psychology is commonly referred to as ________ psychology.

work and organizational

If you are participating in the prisoner's dilemma, which scenario would lead to the best outcome for you?

you cooperate and your partner defects.