Social Research 2015 Ch 10

Professor Hogshead found a statistically significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. It is statistically significant at the .05 level. What does this mean? A. There are 95 chances in 100 that the results are true. B. There is a 5% chance that the results are true. C. If 100 samples were drawn, results like these could be obtained by pure random chance 10% of the time. D. A person could be 95% sure that the results of the study were a reflection of the population if random sampling was used. E. A and D.

E

Which best expresses the bivariate relationship between the amount of education and amount of television watched per week? To answer the question, use the table below: Amount of Average Hours of TV Watched Per Week Formal Education 0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 Over 30 TOTAL 0-8 Years 0% 0 5 10 15 20 50 100% 9-11 Years 0% 5 10 15 20 20 30 100% 12, HS Grad 0% 10 10 10 30 20 20 100% 13-15 Years 10% 10 10 20 25 15 10 100% 16, BA Degree 20% 20 15 15 15 10 5 100% 17-18 Years 30% 20 20 20 10 0 0 100% 19 or More 50% 30 10 10 0 0 0 100% A. positive B. negative C. nonlinear D. independent

NOT C

You decide that you want to research the relationship between patronizing coffee houses, gender, and age. You cannot find coffee houses in your data base so you use dining out in a restaurant in the last week, you enter EATOUT as a row variable, and SEX as a column variable, and AGE as a control. You recode AGE so as to not have too many partial tables. When you run the tables you find out that men tend to go to restaurants more than women at every age. This is an example of a: Specification; replication; explanation; suppressor variable pattern.

NOT replication

In a study of the relationship between violent mothers and violent sons, Professor Zelda note that a strong positive association exists, but it is significant at only the .06 level. Even though it is not quite statistically significant, Professor Zelda still wants to pursue her research further, because she cannot help feeling that even though it does not meet the ideal level of significance, she does not want to accept the null hypothesis. She is concerned about committing the: Type II error. Type III error Type Z error type B error.

Type II error.

Rocky Rococo found a correlation of .001 between the amount of pizza a person consumed in a year and the number of Italian phrases the person could correctly translate into English. From this, he should conclude A. to accept the null hypothesis. B. to reject the null hypothesis. C. there is a strong positive relationship between the variables. D. there is a strong negative relationship between the variables. E. B and D only.

A

Which of the following is a suggestion that Duneier has for addressing the issue of the vendors on the street? A. maybe there needs to be a greater sense of tolerance and respect for the sidewalk vendors working the sidewalk; B. maybe there needs to be a greater sense of tolerance and respect on the part of the sidewalk vendors for merchants who pay rent and taxes and believe that their merchandise is being stolen; C. maybe there needs to be a greater sense of tolerance and respect on the part of the sidewalk vendors for the police and legal authorities trying to maintain order in a complex urban enviornment; D. none of the above.

A

A codebook is A. only used in existing statistics research. B. a document that tells the researcher where variables are located in the data file and what numbers go with which variable attributes. C. the set of instructions that tell interviewers or experimenters how to treat respondents or subjects. D. an unnecessary part of data analysis since computers were invented. E. a sheet of paper with a grid of 80 columns corresponding to data card columns, with rows representing an individual card.

B

A researcher wants to express the middle of a distribution of numbers, such that half the cases are higher and half lower than a value. What statistical measure should he use? A. mean B. median C. mode D. standard deviation E. correlation

B

An example of multivariate analysis would be A. an examination of the ages of all women who are corporate executives. B. an analysis of the relationship between age, sex, and type of restaurant frequented in Santa Fe, New Mexico. C. an analysis of the relationship between undergraduate majors and level of position held in a major corporation. D. an analysis of the relationship between type of offense and length of prison sentence. E. all of the above

B

Phyllis found a strong relationship between a student's level of academic achievement and whether they came from a single-parent or two-parent home. In a trivariate table, she controlled for the student's race. She then found that the relationship held only for Asian students. In the elaboration paradigm, this is an example of A. a replication pattern. B. a specification pattern. C. an explanation pattern. D. an interpretation pattern. E. ex post facto hypothesizing.

B

After examining the bivariate relationship between years of schooling and knowledge about politics, Dr. Bushhead controls for hair color. He finds that the relationship in partial tables is identical to the bivariate tables. In the elaboration paradigm, this is a(n) A. identification pattern. B. explanation pattern. C. replication pattern. D. specification pattern. E. interpretation pattern.

C

Ten college students, five males and five females, took a test on geography knowledge with 20 questions. The number correct is listed below. Student Number Correct Student Number Correct James 20 Tanya 10 Henry 10 Judy 10 Daniel 15 Janice 18 Joseph 10 Denise 17 Mohammad 10 Donna 20 Which of the following is TRUE, if any? A. Males had a higher mean score than females. B. Both males and females had the same median score. C. Females had a higher mode than males. D. One male student got the same number correct as the mean score for the females. E. All are false.

D

Which of the following best captures Duneier's conclusions in regard to his "fixed windows" theory? A. the government abdicates its responsibility to help persons who come out of prison to find homes and jobs; B. the ex-convict will first try panhandling and then, through informal mentoring learn to make "an honest living," C. the residents will come to see his behavior as making a positive contribution and treat him with respect; D. all of the above.

D

You discover that the years of marriage before a divorce for nine white people and nine non-white people are as follows: Whites 12, 1, 8, 9, 10, 17, 3, 6, 6 Non-whites 1, 9, 15, 18, 11, 13, 14, 7, 3 Which statement about this data is TRUE? A. There is no difference in the range for the two groups. B. The median years of marriage prior to divorce is three years longer for whites than non-whites. C. The mean years of marriage prior to divorce is the same for both groups. D. On average, non-whites stay married longer prior to divorce than the whites. E. The mode for the two groups is the same.

D

If one wanted to emphasize the overall high levels of economic success in the United States, one might most likely choose to use the ________ in discussing per capita income so as to put it in the most positive light. median; average or mean; range; mega.

average or mean