Social Studies (803) TExES

Texas anthem

"Texas Our Texas" old anthems- The Yellow Rose of Texas and Dixie

Battle of San Jacinto

(1836) Final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas

Temperance

(n) moderation, self-control, esp. regarding alcohol or other desires or pleasures; total abstinence from alcohol

Lizzie Johnson

, known as the "Cattle Queen of Texas," was thought to have been one of the first to drive her cattle up the Chisholm Trail.

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865) on the five dollar bill

Farewell Address

1796 speech by Washington urging US to maintain neutrality and avoid permanent alliances with European nations

Henry Ford

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

George Washington

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799) on the dollar bill

Elanor Roosevelt

1st lady, acted as president's eyes and ears, fought for Women's rights and African American justice.

President's Day

3rd Monday in February , honors all the presidents that have served our country. -customs associated with this day is parades

United States, the flag

50 white stars and 13 red and white stripes

Louis Pasteur

A French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer.

Freedom Week

A March 2011 campaign that took place in Canada to raise awareness about contemporary slavery.

Alamo

A Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was besieged by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the final battle, all of the Texans were killed by the larger Mexican force.

Francisco Coronado

A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.

Constitution

A document which spells out the principles by which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society

interview

A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information.

Mayor-Council

A form of government at the local level that mirrors the executive-legislative structure at the state and national levels where the mayor has executive powers and the council legislative powers.

Totalitarian

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

Thanksgiving

A form of prayer that involves expressing gratitude or thanks to God for all that he gives to and for us.

wetland

A land area that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year

ocean

A large body of salt water

legend

A list that identifies patterns, symbols, or colors used in a chart

Spindletop

A major oil discovery in 1901 near Beaumont that began the industrialization of Texas.

Westward Expansion

A movement westward for jobs, land, hope, the gold rush, adventure, a new beginning and the transcontinental railroad. It lasted from 1850-1890

strait

A narrow passage of water connecting two large bodies of water

Consumer

A person who purchases goods and services for personal use

Producer

A person, company, or country that makes, grows, or supplies goods or commodities for sale

peninsula

A piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.

Lydia Mendoza

A popular singer and guitarist of the southern United States, and a pioneer of Tejano music.

music

A set of tones and overtones combined in ways that are pleasing to the ear.

plate tectonics

A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.

compass rose

A tool on a map showing cardinal (N,E,S,W) and intermediate (NE,SE,NW,SW) directions.

map

A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it.

volcano

A vent or fissure in the Earth's surface through which magma and gases are expelled

Second World War

A war between the Allies and the Axis which started in 1939. It eventually involved Japan, Italy and Germany as aggressors.

swamp

A wetland ecosystem in which shrubs and trees grow

Entrepreneurship

Accepting the risk of starting and running a business.

conquests

Acts of conquering or taking over

George Washington Carver

African American farmer and food scientist. His research improved farming in the South by developing new products using peanuts.

Garrett Morgan

African American inventor whose inventions included the traffic light and the gas mask

Benjamin Banneker

African-American scientist who taught himself calculus and trigonometry. He also helped design the capitol in Washington D.C.

Naive American groups in Texas

Alabama-Coushatta- Celice Sylestine Henry was born in Peach Tree Village, Texas around 1833. It was the largest and most prominent of the Alabama Indian villages. (east) Tigua-the only Puebloan tribe still in Texas. The Pueblos are a number of different Indian tribes who lived in the southwest Kickapoo- (south) meaning "those who walk the earth" or "he who moves here and there," are grouped with other tribes in the Algonquian linguistic lineage, and were situated in what A. M. Gibson refers to as the "Algonquian heartland"

Texas landmarks

Alamo, state capital, palo duro canyon (canyon, texas), the cross (groom,texas), big tex (dallas, texas), big texan steak ranch and brewery (amarillo,texas), AT&T Stadium, big bend national park

Bill Gates

American computer software designer who Co-founded Microsoft and built it into one of the Largest computer software manufacturers

Helen Keller

American female author, political activist, lecturer; first deaf-blind person to earn B.A. She wrote The Story of My Life and The Frost King.

Benjamin Franklin

American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.

Thomas Edison

American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.

Bejamin Franklin

American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. helped draft constitution. Lighting rod, bifocal spectacles, stove

Paul Revere

American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)

Audie Murphy

American soldier who killed or wounded 50 enemy troops in Europe; later became famous movie star

desert

An extremely dry area with little water and few plants

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

Red Cross

An international organization dedicated to the medical care of the sick or wounded in wars and natural disasters (give blood)

Runaway Scrape

Anglo settlers fled and abandoned their homes fearing Santa Anna's advance

natural hazard

Any natural process that is a potential threat to human life and property

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

nimbus clouds

Are rain bearing clouds that are dark and ragged at the edges.

Oceans

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Southern

Texas State Capitol

Austin, Texas

Executive Branch

Carries out the laws

fossil fuels

Coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are ancient remains of plants and animals.

4 regions of Texas

Coastal Plains (east), North Central Plains (north east), Great Plains(north west), Mountains and Basins (west)

Sam Houston (1793-1863)

Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas

William B. Travis

Commander who led the Texan Rebels to fight for the Alamo

Texas Rangers

Defense force that tried to keep the peace along the Texas frontier

Jonas Salk

Developed the polio vaccine in 1952

Longitude

Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees

Latitude

Distance north or south of the equator

current president of the united states

Donald Trump

European Colonization

European nations especially England, Spain and Portugal had colonies all over the world. The European treated the native people they conquered very poorly.

absolute location

Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates

trade

Exchange of goods and services

Sieur de La Salle

Explored the Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico and claimed entire river valley for France (named it Louisiana in honor French Kings)

cumulus clouds

Fluffy, white clouds, usually with flat bottoms, that look like rounded piles of cotton.

sleet

Formed when rain falls through a layer of freezing air.

Hector P. Garcia

Founder of American GI Forum, Hispanic Civil rights, veteran WWII

Jose Francisco Ruiz

Friends with Stephen F. Austin, he retired from the Mexican army when the revolution started. He was one of the signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence.

Founding Fathers

George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Samuel Adams, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay and other leaders a group of predominantly wealthy plantation owners and businessmen, united 13 disparate colonies, fought for independence from Britain and penned a series of influential governing documents that steer the country to this day.

current governor of Texas

Greg Abbott

Christopher Columbus

He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India.

Placido Benavides

Helped settle the city of Victoria close to Sugar Land

Cleto Rodriguez

Hispanic soldier awarded the Medal of Honor due to his heroism during the Battle of Manila, during WWII

Pledge to the Texas Flag

Honor the Texas flag; I pledge allegiance to thee, Texas, one state under God, one and indivisible

Pledge of Allegiance

I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.

Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993)

In 1967, appointed the first Black Supreme Court Justice, he had led that NAACP's legal defense fund and had argued the Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas case before the Supreme Court.

Republic of Texas

Independent nation that was created after Texans defeated Mexico in the Texas Revolution

Joseph Gidden

Invented barbed wire

Cyrus McCormick

Invented the mechanical reaper

Alexander Graham Bell

Invented the telephone

Independence Day

July 4, 1776 when the Second Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence. -customs associated with this day is fireworks

Juneteenth

June 19th, the date celebrated as the anniversary of Emancipation Day for enslaved people in Texas

Technology

Knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings

factors of production

Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services

Ancient Greece

Location was where the present day country of Greece is. It is famous for types of columns in architecture. The acropolis and the Parthenon. First democratic form of government

Sectionalism

Loyalty to a region

Legislative Branch

Makes laws

natural resources

Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain (soil, oil, gas, wood, animals,)

Revolutionary Era 1763-1789

Maturing colonial economies; increasing tension with Great Britain leads to war and independence

Adina de Zavala and Clara Driscoll

Members of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas (DRT) who helped preserve the Alamo in San Antonio.

Chelo Silva

Mexican American singer of Tejano

Cinco de Mayo

Mexican holiday on may 5th that celebrates the victory the Mexican people over the French who invaded there country.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Mexican president who led an army against Texas

Immigration

Migration to a new location

Abolitionism movement

Movement to end slavery

Navajo Code Talkers

Native Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S. military that the Japanese could not desipher

Seven Continents

North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Antarctica, Africa

cardinal directions

North, South, East, West

Veterans Day

November 11th - to honor those who fought in the United States Armed Services -customs associated with this day is free food for veterans

Clara Barton

Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the American Red Cross

good citizenship

Obeying laws and rules, showing respect for authority, and protecting the environment

Constitution Day

On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was signed.

climate

Overall weather in an area over a long period of time

Deposition

Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.

mass production

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

Erosion

Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)

conservation

Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment

Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle

Reached the mouth of the Mississippi River in 1682

Spatial terms

Relationship between people and places using terms of space and location (over, under ,near, far, left, and right)

pollution

Release of harmful materials into the environment

Important individuals who model active participation in the democratic process

Sam Houston, Barbara Jordan, Lorenzo de Zavala, Ann Richards, Henry B. Gonzalez, Wallace Jefferson and locals

What does the governor do?

Serve as the state's chief executive officer and oversees the functions of the executive branch of government.

Allocating

Setting money aside to pay for certain wants or needs.

Cabeza de Vaca

Shipwrecked on what is believed today to be Galveston Island in 1528. After trading in the region for some six years, he later explored the Texas interior on his way to Mexico.

Texas Declaration of Independence

Signed March 2, 1836 . contained three section: the right of revolution, grievances against Mexico government, and proclamation of independence. Grievances included the arrest of Stephen F. Austin, failure to establish public education, military occupation, and denial of the rights such as trial by jury and freedom of religion

Texas Constitution

State plan of government written in 1845. Modeled after constitutions of other states, in particular, Louisiana's. This constitution created term limits for government officials and had a two house legislative branch.

Colonization of Texas

Stephen Austin gathered families to move to Texas,began settling colony, Tejanos and American high tension, TX revolt, the Alamo biggest battle, TX annexed by U.S.

Juan N. Seguin

Tejano leader at the Battle of the Alamo

Julius Lorenzo Cobb Bledsoe

Texan opera singer known as Jules Bledsoe

Richard King

Texan who owned a large cattle ranch in South Texas and who dominated ranching in the region

Millie Hughes-Fulford

Texas born scientist who flew aboard a space shuttle mission

Pattillo Higgins

Texas businessman who discovered oil at spindletop in 1901

Annexation of Texas

Texas decides to secede from Mexico and attempts to declare its independence which eventually leads to our adoption of the land as a state although it was feared that it would cause conflict with Mexico leading to war. Southern states in support of this as Texas brought slaves with it meaning it would increase agricultural profits

World War II Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs)

The Women Pilots in the American Army. They transported planes from manufacturers to air bases.

humidity

The amount of water vapor in the air

Weathering

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

Ruby Bridges

The first African-American girl to go to a white school; she had to have a police escort to get to and from school in New Orleans during integration

Ameila Earhart

The first female pilot to fly non-stop over the Atlantic Ocean

Stephen F. Austin (significance)

The first man to bring Anglo settlers to Texas. Father of Texas

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

growth of the oil industry

The growth of the oil industry brought growth of cities. More non-farming jobs.

consent of the governed

The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people.

Government

The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies

air pressure

The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface

Specializaton

The specific task and skills that an individual contributes to the division of labor

Georgraphy

The study of Earth and how man adjusts himself to this national environment

Economics

The study of how people seek to satisfy their needs and wants by making choices

Texas Flag (Lone Star)

The two stripes represent the agreements between native Americans and anglo settlers that both opposed forced reintegration into Mexico after seceding. The star represents unity and the colors represent Texas's part in the United States and are the same colors as the US flag

Liberty Bell

This bell was rung in Philadelphia when the Declaration of Independence was read aloud. symbol of freedom and liberty

Sojourner Truth

United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)

Martin Luther King

United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks (1929-1968)

David Crockett

United States frontiersman and Tennessee politician who died at the siege of the Alamo (1786-1836)

James Bowie

United States pioneer and hero of the Texas revolt against Mexico

united states capitol

Washington D.C.

weather patterns

Weather that repeats itself in a predictable way.

Abigail Adams

Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.

cirrus clouds

Wispy, feathery clouds made of ice crystals that form at high levels.

stream

a channel through which water is continually flowing downhill

canyon

a deep, narrow valley with steep sides

market

a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service

Plains

a large area of flat land with few trees

lake

a large body of water surrounded by land

mountain

a large natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level; a large steep hill.

Statue of Liberty

a large statue symbolizing hope and freedom on Liberty Island in New York Harbor

valleys

a low area between mountains or hills where streams and rivers often flow

air temperature

a measure of how hot or cold the air is

Dust Bowl, 1935

a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the US prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion caused the phenomenon.

boom and bust cycle

a period of strong economic growth followed by a period of sharp decline

island

a piece of land surrounded by water

nonrenewable resource

a resource that cannot be replaced (fossil fuels, metal, minerals)

pond

a small body of water

globe

a sphere that represents Earth's entire surface

Momuments

a statue, building, or other structure erected to commemorate a famous or notable person or event.

Fiesta San Antonio

a ten-day celebration with food, music, and parades, honors the heroes of the Alamo and the Battle of San Jacinto.

Carmen Lomas Garcia

an American artist and illustrator. She is well known for her paintings, ofrendas and for her papel picado work inspired by her Mexican-American heritage

plateau

an area of high, flat land

invasion

an attack by an armed force to conquer another country

supply and demand

an economic concept that states that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the good is available (supply)

Martin de Leon

an empresario who started a colony of about 200 Tejano families in Victoria Texas

Symbols

anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture

hills

area of raised land that are lower and more round then a mountain

Oktoberfest

celebration of German culture and history among American w/ German roots

holidays

celebrations of special events

wind speed and direction

changes the way temperature affects us

urban

city

agrarian

concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land

Cash crops in the south

cotton, rice, tobacco, and sugar cane

rural

countryside

Civil War (1861-1865)

deadliest war in American history; conflict between north (union) and south (confederacy); 11 southern slave states wanted to secede from Union

Choices

decisions

Pierre Charles L'Enfant

designed the capital city of the new country (Washington D.C.)

Justice

fairness

Daniel Boone

famous early pioneer who cleared Wilderness Road, a new route to the west. Wilderness Road became the main route used to cross the Appalachian Mountains

Irma Rangel

first Mexican American woman to win a seat in Tx legislature

U.S. -Mexican War

fought over boundaries, and ended with the signing of Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. between the U.S and Mexico

liberty

freedom

Texas Motto

friendship "Texas" originated from a Native American

Uncle Sam

government of people of the United States; derived from the United States of America - Uncle Sam, a businessman with initials on shipping boxes in 1800's

languages

human speech, spoken or written

Propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

judical branch

interprets and reviews the laws of the nation. The group that has the job of interpreting and reviewing the laws of the land is the Supreme Court

Gail Borden

invented a process to condense milk

What does a mayor do?

is the "chief executive officer" of the city; (2) must "actively ensure that the laws and ordinances of the municipality are properly carried out"; (3) must "inspect the conduct of each subordinate municipal officer and shall cause any negligence, carelessness, or other violation of duty to be prosecuted

river

large natural stream of water that runs through the land

Micheal DeBakey

legendary physician, educator, and medical statesman. During a career spanning 75 years, his work transformed cardiovascular surgery, raised medical education standards, and influenced national health care policy.

stratus clouds

look like flat blankets and are usually the lowest clouds in the sky

Voting

making a choice among alternatives in an election (group decision making)

mesa

medium size flat-topped hill or mountain

Migration

movement of people from one place to another

Artifacts

object made by human beings, either hand-made or mass-produced

monarchical

of or relating to a ruler, such as a king

Enrique Esparza

one of the children in the Alamo during the battle, his father was a defender fighting for Texas, he had uncles fighting in the Mexican Army, hid in a small room during the battle, told a detailed account of the battle when in his seventies

Jose Antonio Navarro

one of the first signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence, in early March, 1836, in Washington-on-the-Brazos. He later signed the Constitution of the Republic of Texas.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

gulf

part of a large body of water that extends into a shoreline, generally larger and more deeply indented than a bay

bay

part of a large body of water that extends into a shoreline, generally smaller than a gulf

grid system

pattern formed as the lines of latitude and longitude cross one another

Free Entrprise System

people are free to produce goods and services as they choose

Roles of State and local Government

plan and pay for most roads, run public schools, provide water, organize police and fire services, establish zoning regulations, license professions, and arrange elections for their citizens.

heritage

practices that are handed down from the past by tradition

snow

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

hail

precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents

Bias

prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

Laura Ingalls Wilder

published Little house on the prairie, which was about her experiences growing up on a homestead

democratic

relating to the idea that all people should be treated equally

Roles of National Government

responsible for maintaining internal and external security and stability. Usually, that means they're responsible for establishing national laws and enforcing them. They also must raise and train a military and set international policy.

Mirabeau Lamar

served as vice president and then president of the Republic of Texas

Rules

specific expectations about what our behavior should be

Beliefs

specific ideas that people hold to be true

cliff

steep, high wall of rock, earth, or ice

political system

system of government in a nation

Texas Revolution

the 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico -also called Texas War of Independence -between Texas and Mexico -October 1835-April 1836

Religion

the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.

Declaration of Independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

labor

the effort that people devote to a task for which they are paid

Bessie Coleman

the first African-American woman to receive a pilot's license and the first to become a stunt pilot

Labor Day

the first Monday in September celebrated in the U.S. as a holiday in honor of working people

What does the president do?

the head of state and head of government of the United States of America, and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

Values

the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live

Anson Jones

the last president of the Republic of Texas

economic system

the method used by a society to produce and distribute goods and services

Sam Walton

the most successful discount retailer and the founder of Wal-Mart

flow of energy

the movement of energy through an ecosystem

Colonization

the movement of settlers and their culture to a new country

Landforms

the natural features of the land's surface

chronological order

the order in which events happen in time

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Woman's Suffrage

the right of women to vote

socieconomic status

the social standing or class of an individual or group. It is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation

equality

the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.

Kinship

the state of being related to others

Scaricty

the state of being scarce or in short supply; shortage.

responsibility

the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone.

establishing order

the way thing are usually done in a society

Wants

things that add comfort and pleasure to your life

Needs

things that are required in order to live

respect

to look up to someone; to show honor

tradition

values and beliefs passed from generation to generation

Red River War

war between Kiowa and Comanche; gov. herds people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others

rain

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

Sediment transfer

when dirt and dust is transferred due to wind erosion and weathering

relative location

where a place is located in relation to another place

Susanna Dickinson

wife of a Texas soldier and a survivor of the Siege of the Alamo.

Charles Goodnight

with his friend Oliver Loving, he created the Goodnight-Loving Trail, route for getting cattle from Texas ranches to beef markets in Wyoming

Jobs

work done for pay