Social Studies (803) TExES
Texas anthem
"Texas Our Texas" old anthems- The Yellow Rose of Texas and Dixie
Battle of San Jacinto
(1836) Final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas
Temperance
(n) moderation, self-control, esp. regarding alcohol or other desires or pleasures; total abstinence from alcohol
Lizzie Johnson
, known as the "Cattle Queen of Texas," was thought to have been one of the first to drive her cattle up the Chisholm Trail.
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865) on the five dollar bill
Farewell Address
1796 speech by Washington urging US to maintain neutrality and avoid permanent alliances with European nations
Henry Ford
1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.
George Washington
1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799) on the dollar bill
Elanor Roosevelt
1st lady, acted as president's eyes and ears, fought for Women's rights and African American justice.
President's Day
3rd Monday in February , honors all the presidents that have served our country. -customs associated with this day is parades
United States, the flag
50 white stars and 13 red and white stripes
Louis Pasteur
A French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer.
Freedom Week
A March 2011 campaign that took place in Canada to raise awareness about contemporary slavery.
Alamo
A Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was besieged by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the final battle, all of the Texans were killed by the larger Mexican force.
Francisco Coronado
A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.
Constitution
A document which spells out the principles by which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society
interview
A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information.
Mayor-Council
A form of government at the local level that mirrors the executive-legislative structure at the state and national levels where the mayor has executive powers and the council legislative powers.
Totalitarian
A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
Thanksgiving
A form of prayer that involves expressing gratitude or thanks to God for all that he gives to and for us.
wetland
A land area that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year
ocean
A large body of salt water
legend
A list that identifies patterns, symbols, or colors used in a chart
Spindletop
A major oil discovery in 1901 near Beaumont that began the industrialization of Texas.
Westward Expansion
A movement westward for jobs, land, hope, the gold rush, adventure, a new beginning and the transcontinental railroad. It lasted from 1850-1890
strait
A narrow passage of water connecting two large bodies of water
Consumer
A person who purchases goods and services for personal use
Producer
A person, company, or country that makes, grows, or supplies goods or commodities for sale
peninsula
A piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.
Lydia Mendoza
A popular singer and guitarist of the southern United States, and a pioneer of Tejano music.
music
A set of tones and overtones combined in ways that are pleasing to the ear.
plate tectonics
A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.
compass rose
A tool on a map showing cardinal (N,E,S,W) and intermediate (NE,SE,NW,SW) directions.
map
A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it.
volcano
A vent or fissure in the Earth's surface through which magma and gases are expelled
Second World War
A war between the Allies and the Axis which started in 1939. It eventually involved Japan, Italy and Germany as aggressors.
swamp
A wetland ecosystem in which shrubs and trees grow
Entrepreneurship
Accepting the risk of starting and running a business.
conquests
Acts of conquering or taking over
George Washington Carver
African American farmer and food scientist. His research improved farming in the South by developing new products using peanuts.
Garrett Morgan
African American inventor whose inventions included the traffic light and the gas mask
Benjamin Banneker
African-American scientist who taught himself calculus and trigonometry. He also helped design the capitol in Washington D.C.
Naive American groups in Texas
Alabama-Coushatta- Celice Sylestine Henry was born in Peach Tree Village, Texas around 1833. It was the largest and most prominent of the Alabama Indian villages. (east) Tigua-the only Puebloan tribe still in Texas. The Pueblos are a number of different Indian tribes who lived in the southwest Kickapoo- (south) meaning "those who walk the earth" or "he who moves here and there," are grouped with other tribes in the Algonquian linguistic lineage, and were situated in what A. M. Gibson refers to as the "Algonquian heartland"
Texas landmarks
Alamo, state capital, palo duro canyon (canyon, texas), the cross (groom,texas), big tex (dallas, texas), big texan steak ranch and brewery (amarillo,texas), AT&T Stadium, big bend national park
Bill Gates
American computer software designer who Co-founded Microsoft and built it into one of the Largest computer software manufacturers
Helen Keller
American female author, political activist, lecturer; first deaf-blind person to earn B.A. She wrote The Story of My Life and The Frost King.
Benjamin Franklin
American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.
Thomas Edison
American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.
Bejamin Franklin
American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. helped draft constitution. Lighting rod, bifocal spectacles, stove
Paul Revere
American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)
Audie Murphy
American soldier who killed or wounded 50 enemy troops in Europe; later became famous movie star
desert
An extremely dry area with little water and few plants
Urbanization
An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.
Red Cross
An international organization dedicated to the medical care of the sick or wounded in wars and natural disasters (give blood)
Runaway Scrape
Anglo settlers fled and abandoned their homes fearing Santa Anna's advance
natural hazard
Any natural process that is a potential threat to human life and property
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
nimbus clouds
Are rain bearing clouds that are dark and ragged at the edges.
Oceans
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Southern
Texas State Capitol
Austin, Texas
Executive Branch
Carries out the laws
fossil fuels
Coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are ancient remains of plants and animals.
4 regions of Texas
Coastal Plains (east), North Central Plains (north east), Great Plains(north west), Mountains and Basins (west)
Sam Houston (1793-1863)
Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas
William B. Travis
Commander who led the Texan Rebels to fight for the Alamo
Texas Rangers
Defense force that tried to keep the peace along the Texas frontier
Jonas Salk
Developed the polio vaccine in 1952
Longitude
Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees
Latitude
Distance north or south of the equator
current president of the united states
Donald Trump
European Colonization
European nations especially England, Spain and Portugal had colonies all over the world. The European treated the native people they conquered very poorly.
absolute location
Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates
trade
Exchange of goods and services
Sieur de La Salle
Explored the Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico and claimed entire river valley for France (named it Louisiana in honor French Kings)
cumulus clouds
Fluffy, white clouds, usually with flat bottoms, that look like rounded piles of cotton.
sleet
Formed when rain falls through a layer of freezing air.
Hector P. Garcia
Founder of American GI Forum, Hispanic Civil rights, veteran WWII
Jose Francisco Ruiz
Friends with Stephen F. Austin, he retired from the Mexican army when the revolution started. He was one of the signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence.
Founding Fathers
George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Samuel Adams, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay and other leaders a group of predominantly wealthy plantation owners and businessmen, united 13 disparate colonies, fought for independence from Britain and penned a series of influential governing documents that steer the country to this day.
current governor of Texas
Greg Abbott
Christopher Columbus
He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India.
Placido Benavides
Helped settle the city of Victoria close to Sugar Land
Cleto Rodriguez
Hispanic soldier awarded the Medal of Honor due to his heroism during the Battle of Manila, during WWII
Pledge to the Texas Flag
Honor the Texas flag; I pledge allegiance to thee, Texas, one state under God, one and indivisible
Pledge of Allegiance
I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.
Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993)
In 1967, appointed the first Black Supreme Court Justice, he had led that NAACP's legal defense fund and had argued the Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas case before the Supreme Court.
Republic of Texas
Independent nation that was created after Texans defeated Mexico in the Texas Revolution
Joseph Gidden
Invented barbed wire
Cyrus McCormick
Invented the mechanical reaper
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented the telephone
Independence Day
July 4, 1776 when the Second Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence. -customs associated with this day is fireworks
Juneteenth
June 19th, the date celebrated as the anniversary of Emancipation Day for enslaved people in Texas
Technology
Knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings
factors of production
Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services
Ancient Greece
Location was where the present day country of Greece is. It is famous for types of columns in architecture. The acropolis and the Parthenon. First democratic form of government
Sectionalism
Loyalty to a region
Legislative Branch
Makes laws
natural resources
Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain (soil, oil, gas, wood, animals,)
Revolutionary Era 1763-1789
Maturing colonial economies; increasing tension with Great Britain leads to war and independence
Adina de Zavala and Clara Driscoll
Members of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas (DRT) who helped preserve the Alamo in San Antonio.
Chelo Silva
Mexican American singer of Tejano
Cinco de Mayo
Mexican holiday on may 5th that celebrates the victory the Mexican people over the French who invaded there country.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Mexican president who led an army against Texas
Immigration
Migration to a new location
Abolitionism movement
Movement to end slavery
Navajo Code Talkers
Native Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S. military that the Japanese could not desipher
Seven Continents
North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Antarctica, Africa
cardinal directions
North, South, East, West
Veterans Day
November 11th - to honor those who fought in the United States Armed Services -customs associated with this day is free food for veterans
Clara Barton
Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the American Red Cross
good citizenship
Obeying laws and rules, showing respect for authority, and protecting the environment
Constitution Day
On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was signed.
climate
Overall weather in an area over a long period of time
Deposition
Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.
mass production
Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply
Erosion
Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)
conservation
Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
Reached the mouth of the Mississippi River in 1682
Spatial terms
Relationship between people and places using terms of space and location (over, under ,near, far, left, and right)
pollution
Release of harmful materials into the environment
Important individuals who model active participation in the democratic process
Sam Houston, Barbara Jordan, Lorenzo de Zavala, Ann Richards, Henry B. Gonzalez, Wallace Jefferson and locals
What does the governor do?
Serve as the state's chief executive officer and oversees the functions of the executive branch of government.
Allocating
Setting money aside to pay for certain wants or needs.
Cabeza de Vaca
Shipwrecked on what is believed today to be Galveston Island in 1528. After trading in the region for some six years, he later explored the Texas interior on his way to Mexico.
Texas Declaration of Independence
Signed March 2, 1836 . contained three section: the right of revolution, grievances against Mexico government, and proclamation of independence. Grievances included the arrest of Stephen F. Austin, failure to establish public education, military occupation, and denial of the rights such as trial by jury and freedom of religion
Texas Constitution
State plan of government written in 1845. Modeled after constitutions of other states, in particular, Louisiana's. This constitution created term limits for government officials and had a two house legislative branch.
Colonization of Texas
Stephen Austin gathered families to move to Texas,began settling colony, Tejanos and American high tension, TX revolt, the Alamo biggest battle, TX annexed by U.S.
Juan N. Seguin
Tejano leader at the Battle of the Alamo
Julius Lorenzo Cobb Bledsoe
Texan opera singer known as Jules Bledsoe
Richard King
Texan who owned a large cattle ranch in South Texas and who dominated ranching in the region
Millie Hughes-Fulford
Texas born scientist who flew aboard a space shuttle mission
Pattillo Higgins
Texas businessman who discovered oil at spindletop in 1901
Annexation of Texas
Texas decides to secede from Mexico and attempts to declare its independence which eventually leads to our adoption of the land as a state although it was feared that it would cause conflict with Mexico leading to war. Southern states in support of this as Texas brought slaves with it meaning it would increase agricultural profits
World War II Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs)
The Women Pilots in the American Army. They transported planes from manufacturers to air bases.
humidity
The amount of water vapor in the air
Weathering
The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.
Ruby Bridges
The first African-American girl to go to a white school; she had to have a police escort to get to and from school in New Orleans during integration
Ameila Earhart
The first female pilot to fly non-stop over the Atlantic Ocean
Stephen F. Austin (significance)
The first man to bring Anglo settlers to Texas. Father of Texas
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution
growth of the oil industry
The growth of the oil industry brought growth of cities. More non-farming jobs.
consent of the governed
The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people.
Government
The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies
air pressure
The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface
Specializaton
The specific task and skills that an individual contributes to the division of labor
Georgraphy
The study of Earth and how man adjusts himself to this national environment
Economics
The study of how people seek to satisfy their needs and wants by making choices
Texas Flag (Lone Star)
The two stripes represent the agreements between native Americans and anglo settlers that both opposed forced reintegration into Mexico after seceding. The star represents unity and the colors represent Texas's part in the United States and are the same colors as the US flag
Liberty Bell
This bell was rung in Philadelphia when the Declaration of Independence was read aloud. symbol of freedom and liberty
Sojourner Truth
United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)
Martin Luther King
United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks (1929-1968)
David Crockett
United States frontiersman and Tennessee politician who died at the siege of the Alamo (1786-1836)
James Bowie
United States pioneer and hero of the Texas revolt against Mexico
united states capitol
Washington D.C.
weather patterns
Weather that repeats itself in a predictable way.
Abigail Adams
Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.
cirrus clouds
Wispy, feathery clouds made of ice crystals that form at high levels.
stream
a channel through which water is continually flowing downhill
canyon
a deep, narrow valley with steep sides
market
a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service
Plains
a large area of flat land with few trees
lake
a large body of water surrounded by land
mountain
a large natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level; a large steep hill.
Statue of Liberty
a large statue symbolizing hope and freedom on Liberty Island in New York Harbor
valleys
a low area between mountains or hills where streams and rivers often flow
air temperature
a measure of how hot or cold the air is
Dust Bowl, 1935
a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the US prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion caused the phenomenon.
boom and bust cycle
a period of strong economic growth followed by a period of sharp decline
island
a piece of land surrounded by water
nonrenewable resource
a resource that cannot be replaced (fossil fuels, metal, minerals)
pond
a small body of water
globe
a sphere that represents Earth's entire surface
Momuments
a statue, building, or other structure erected to commemorate a famous or notable person or event.
Fiesta San Antonio
a ten-day celebration with food, music, and parades, honors the heroes of the Alamo and the Battle of San Jacinto.
Carmen Lomas Garcia
an American artist and illustrator. She is well known for her paintings, ofrendas and for her papel picado work inspired by her Mexican-American heritage
plateau
an area of high, flat land
invasion
an attack by an armed force to conquer another country
supply and demand
an economic concept that states that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the good is available (supply)
Martin de Leon
an empresario who started a colony of about 200 Tejano families in Victoria Texas
Symbols
anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture
hills
area of raised land that are lower and more round then a mountain
Oktoberfest
celebration of German culture and history among American w/ German roots
holidays
celebrations of special events
wind speed and direction
changes the way temperature affects us
urban
city
agrarian
concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land
Cash crops in the south
cotton, rice, tobacco, and sugar cane
rural
countryside
Civil War (1861-1865)
deadliest war in American history; conflict between north (union) and south (confederacy); 11 southern slave states wanted to secede from Union
Choices
decisions
Pierre Charles L'Enfant
designed the capital city of the new country (Washington D.C.)
Justice
fairness
Daniel Boone
famous early pioneer who cleared Wilderness Road, a new route to the west. Wilderness Road became the main route used to cross the Appalachian Mountains
Irma Rangel
first Mexican American woman to win a seat in Tx legislature
U.S. -Mexican War
fought over boundaries, and ended with the signing of Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. between the U.S and Mexico
liberty
freedom
Texas Motto
friendship "Texas" originated from a Native American
Uncle Sam
government of people of the United States; derived from the United States of America - Uncle Sam, a businessman with initials on shipping boxes in 1800's
languages
human speech, spoken or written
Propaganda
information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
judical branch
interprets and reviews the laws of the nation. The group that has the job of interpreting and reviewing the laws of the land is the Supreme Court
Gail Borden
invented a process to condense milk
What does a mayor do?
is the "chief executive officer" of the city; (2) must "actively ensure that the laws and ordinances of the municipality are properly carried out"; (3) must "inspect the conduct of each subordinate municipal officer and shall cause any negligence, carelessness, or other violation of duty to be prosecuted
river
large natural stream of water that runs through the land
Micheal DeBakey
legendary physician, educator, and medical statesman. During a career spanning 75 years, his work transformed cardiovascular surgery, raised medical education standards, and influenced national health care policy.
stratus clouds
look like flat blankets and are usually the lowest clouds in the sky
Voting
making a choice among alternatives in an election (group decision making)
mesa
medium size flat-topped hill or mountain
Migration
movement of people from one place to another
Artifacts
object made by human beings, either hand-made or mass-produced
monarchical
of or relating to a ruler, such as a king
Enrique Esparza
one of the children in the Alamo during the battle, his father was a defender fighting for Texas, he had uncles fighting in the Mexican Army, hid in a small room during the battle, told a detailed account of the battle when in his seventies
Jose Antonio Navarro
one of the first signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence, in early March, 1836, in Washington-on-the-Brazos. He later signed the Constitution of the Republic of Texas.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
gulf
part of a large body of water that extends into a shoreline, generally larger and more deeply indented than a bay
bay
part of a large body of water that extends into a shoreline, generally smaller than a gulf
grid system
pattern formed as the lines of latitude and longitude cross one another
Free Entrprise System
people are free to produce goods and services as they choose
Roles of State and local Government
plan and pay for most roads, run public schools, provide water, organize police and fire services, establish zoning regulations, license professions, and arrange elections for their citizens.
heritage
practices that are handed down from the past by tradition
snow
precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals
hail
precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents
Bias
prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
Laura Ingalls Wilder
published Little house on the prairie, which was about her experiences growing up on a homestead
democratic
relating to the idea that all people should be treated equally
Roles of National Government
responsible for maintaining internal and external security and stability. Usually, that means they're responsible for establishing national laws and enforcing them. They also must raise and train a military and set international policy.
Mirabeau Lamar
served as vice president and then president of the Republic of Texas
Rules
specific expectations about what our behavior should be
Beliefs
specific ideas that people hold to be true
cliff
steep, high wall of rock, earth, or ice
political system
system of government in a nation
Texas Revolution
the 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico -also called Texas War of Independence -between Texas and Mexico -October 1835-April 1836
Religion
the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.
Declaration of Independence
the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain
Great Depression
the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
labor
the effort that people devote to a task for which they are paid
Bessie Coleman
the first African-American woman to receive a pilot's license and the first to become a stunt pilot
Labor Day
the first Monday in September celebrated in the U.S. as a holiday in honor of working people
What does the president do?
the head of state and head of government of the United States of America, and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
Values
the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live
Anson Jones
the last president of the Republic of Texas
economic system
the method used by a society to produce and distribute goods and services
Sam Walton
the most successful discount retailer and the founder of Wal-Mart
flow of energy
the movement of energy through an ecosystem
Colonization
the movement of settlers and their culture to a new country
Landforms
the natural features of the land's surface
chronological order
the order in which events happen in time
Reconstruction
the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union
Woman's Suffrage
the right of women to vote
socieconomic status
the social standing or class of an individual or group. It is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation
equality
the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
Kinship
the state of being related to others
Scaricty
the state of being scarce or in short supply; shortage.
responsibility
the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone.
establishing order
the way thing are usually done in a society
Wants
things that add comfort and pleasure to your life
Needs
things that are required in order to live
respect
to look up to someone; to show honor
tradition
values and beliefs passed from generation to generation
Red River War
war between Kiowa and Comanche; gov. herds people of friendly tribes onto reservations while opening fire on all others
rain
water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere
Sediment transfer
when dirt and dust is transferred due to wind erosion and weathering
relative location
where a place is located in relation to another place
Susanna Dickinson
wife of a Texas soldier and a survivor of the Siege of the Alamo.
Charles Goodnight
with his friend Oliver Loving, he created the Goodnight-Loving Trail, route for getting cattle from Texas ranches to beef markets in Wyoming
Jobs
work done for pay