Social Studies Ch. 2 Sec. 3

Patterns of temperature, wind, and precipitation

Scientists use this of a location to group climates

Chaparral

Shrubs or short trees

Tropical climates

This gets its name from the tropics and has warm weather. It is divided into 2 types: Tropical rainforest and tropical savanna

High latitude climate

This is a main type of climate including if The sub arctic climate tundra climate and ice cap climate. This lies at 60° north, up to the north pole and 60° south to the south pole and the climates are cold, some colder than other

Dry Climate

This is a main type of climate with a dry or partially dry areas that receive little or no rainfall in temperatures can be hot during the day and very cold at night and has severely cold winters. This type of time includes desert climate and steppe climate

Humid continental climate

This is a mid latitude climate in areas of North America, Europe, or Asia with long, cold, snowy winters and hot short summers. This has deciduous trees and vast grassland (SNOW)

Humid subtropical climate

This is a mid latitude climate where rainfalls throughout the year but does have used during hot and humid summer months in the winters are short and mild. Oaks, magnolias, and palms grow here (tropical which means warmer than humid continental) (South Carolina/Georgia)

Mediterranean climate

This is a mid latitude climate with mild rainy winters and hot dry summers with vegetation including chaparral with some evergreens

Steppe climate

This is a type of dry climate surrounded by steppes which receive more rain in the desert and bushes and short grasses cover steppe landscape. Example of this is the great plains of the United States (10-20 in. Of rain)

Tundra Climate

This is a type of high latitude climate closer to the poles with treeless plains and in this climate it is harsh and dry. The lower layers have permafrost and only the top inches thaw during summer melting snow doesn't get into the ground because of permafrost so the tundra turns marshy with the moisture the plants need to grow. Only low bushes grow here (closer to the poles

Ice cap climate

This is a type of high latitude climate in the ice sheets in Antarctica and in Greenland. It is bitterly cold and has monthly temperatures below freezing and no vegetation grows except lichens that live on rocks

Subarctic climate

This is a type of high latitude climate with very cold and bitter winters but the temperatures can rise above freezing. There taiga grow. This is the northern Russia (portion where it isn't always be frozen)

Highland climate

This is a type of main climate that is a mountain climate that has cool or cold temperature to you and includes reaching the timberline (based on elevation)

Tropical rain forest

This is a type of tropical climate that gets up to 100 in. Of rain

Savanna

This is a type of tropical climate that has 2 seasons, one wet and one dry

Mid-Latitude

This is one of the main types of climate between 23.5 degrees north and 60 degrees north and 23.5 degrees south and 60 degrees south and can be called the temperate zone

Marine West Coast Climate

This is one of the mid-latitude climates and this gets cooler winds from the ocean and the winters are rainy and mild and the summers are cool. Most areas with this climate are in northwestern United States get heavy rainfall which supports the growth of deciduous and coniferous forests

Desert climate

This is the driest climate of the dry climates that receives below 10 inches of rainfall a year and are called deserts. Only cactus and shrub survive with roots close to the surface to collect any rain

Timberline

This is the elevation above which no trees grow and only small shrubs and wildflowers grow in meadows

Canopy

This is the top layer of the the forest and the Amazon rain forest is so thick that little sunlight reaches the ground

Temperate climates

This is what the climate zones in the mid-latitude climate region are sometimes called

Wet season

This is what the few months of rain in Southern India and Eastern Africa is called

Highland cliamte

This type of climate is based on elevation

Savanna

Broad grasslands with few trees and less rain than rain forests

Lichens

Funguslike plants and mosses

Savanna

Grasslands

Taiga

Huge evergreen forests

Deserts

The driest climate with less than 10 in. of rain a year

Tropical,mid-latitude, high latitude, dry, and highland

The five major types of climate

Marine west coast, humid continental, Mediterranean, and humid subtropical climate

The four types of mid-latitude climates

Tropical Rain Forest Climate

This type of tropical climate has year round rains which makes lush vegetation and thick rainforests which are home to millions of plants and animals like mahogany, teak, and ebony trees which for a canopy. The Amazon Basin is an example of this

Permafrost

The layer of soil below tundras

Permafrost

The lower layers of soil in subarctic regions that are always frozen

Subarctic, Tundra, and Ice Caps climate

The three types of high latitude climate

Tropical rain forest and savanna

The two type of tropical climates

Desert and Steppes climate

The two types of dry climates

Deciduous

The type of tree that loses their leaves in the fall

Coniferous

The type of tree with cones and needles

Dry climates

These are split of by amount of rain which can is desert=10 in. Of rain and Steppe=10-20 in. Of rain

Tropical,mid-latitude, and high latitude

These three types of the major climates are based on latitude

Climate and vegetation

These two go together

Savanna Climate

This climate is in Southern India and Eastern Africa where they have wet season while the rest of the year is hot and dry. The main vegetation is Savannah and is part of the tropical climate

Steppe

This word comes from the Russian word meaning treeless plane and are partly dry grasslands and prairies

Tundra

Vast, treeless plains