Social Studies Ch. 2 Sec. 3
Patterns of temperature, wind, and precipitation
Scientists use this of a location to group climates
Chaparral
Shrubs or short trees
Tropical climates
This gets its name from the tropics and has warm weather. It is divided into 2 types: Tropical rainforest and tropical savanna
High latitude climate
This is a main type of climate including if The sub arctic climate tundra climate and ice cap climate. This lies at 60° north, up to the north pole and 60° south to the south pole and the climates are cold, some colder than other
Dry Climate
This is a main type of climate with a dry or partially dry areas that receive little or no rainfall in temperatures can be hot during the day and very cold at night and has severely cold winters. This type of time includes desert climate and steppe climate
Humid continental climate
This is a mid latitude climate in areas of North America, Europe, or Asia with long, cold, snowy winters and hot short summers. This has deciduous trees and vast grassland (SNOW)
Humid subtropical climate
This is a mid latitude climate where rainfalls throughout the year but does have used during hot and humid summer months in the winters are short and mild. Oaks, magnolias, and palms grow here (tropical which means warmer than humid continental) (South Carolina/Georgia)
Mediterranean climate
This is a mid latitude climate with mild rainy winters and hot dry summers with vegetation including chaparral with some evergreens
Steppe climate
This is a type of dry climate surrounded by steppes which receive more rain in the desert and bushes and short grasses cover steppe landscape. Example of this is the great plains of the United States (10-20 in. Of rain)
Tundra Climate
This is a type of high latitude climate closer to the poles with treeless plains and in this climate it is harsh and dry. The lower layers have permafrost and only the top inches thaw during summer melting snow doesn't get into the ground because of permafrost so the tundra turns marshy with the moisture the plants need to grow. Only low bushes grow here (closer to the poles
Ice cap climate
This is a type of high latitude climate in the ice sheets in Antarctica and in Greenland. It is bitterly cold and has monthly temperatures below freezing and no vegetation grows except lichens that live on rocks
Subarctic climate
This is a type of high latitude climate with very cold and bitter winters but the temperatures can rise above freezing. There taiga grow. This is the northern Russia (portion where it isn't always be frozen)
Highland climate
This is a type of main climate that is a mountain climate that has cool or cold temperature to you and includes reaching the timberline (based on elevation)
Tropical rain forest
This is a type of tropical climate that gets up to 100 in. Of rain
Savanna
This is a type of tropical climate that has 2 seasons, one wet and one dry
Mid-Latitude
This is one of the main types of climate between 23.5 degrees north and 60 degrees north and 23.5 degrees south and 60 degrees south and can be called the temperate zone
Marine West Coast Climate
This is one of the mid-latitude climates and this gets cooler winds from the ocean and the winters are rainy and mild and the summers are cool. Most areas with this climate are in northwestern United States get heavy rainfall which supports the growth of deciduous and coniferous forests
Desert climate
This is the driest climate of the dry climates that receives below 10 inches of rainfall a year and are called deserts. Only cactus and shrub survive with roots close to the surface to collect any rain
Timberline
This is the elevation above which no trees grow and only small shrubs and wildflowers grow in meadows
Canopy
This is the top layer of the the forest and the Amazon rain forest is so thick that little sunlight reaches the ground
Temperate climates
This is what the climate zones in the mid-latitude climate region are sometimes called
Wet season
This is what the few months of rain in Southern India and Eastern Africa is called
Highland cliamte
This type of climate is based on elevation
Savanna
Broad grasslands with few trees and less rain than rain forests
Lichens
Funguslike plants and mosses
Savanna
Grasslands
Taiga
Huge evergreen forests
Deserts
The driest climate with less than 10 in. of rain a year
Tropical,mid-latitude, high latitude, dry, and highland
The five major types of climate
Marine west coast, humid continental, Mediterranean, and humid subtropical climate
The four types of mid-latitude climates
Tropical Rain Forest Climate
This type of tropical climate has year round rains which makes lush vegetation and thick rainforests which are home to millions of plants and animals like mahogany, teak, and ebony trees which for a canopy. The Amazon Basin is an example of this
Permafrost
The layer of soil below tundras
Permafrost
The lower layers of soil in subarctic regions that are always frozen
Subarctic, Tundra, and Ice Caps climate
The three types of high latitude climate
Tropical rain forest and savanna
The two type of tropical climates
Desert and Steppes climate
The two types of dry climates
Deciduous
The type of tree that loses their leaves in the fall
Coniferous
The type of tree with cones and needles
Dry climates
These are split of by amount of rain which can is desert=10 in. Of rain and Steppe=10-20 in. Of rain
Tropical,mid-latitude, and high latitude
These three types of the major climates are based on latitude
Climate and vegetation
These two go together
Savanna Climate
This climate is in Southern India and Eastern Africa where they have wet season while the rest of the year is hot and dry. The main vegetation is Savannah and is part of the tropical climate
Steppe
This word comes from the Russian word meaning treeless plane and are partly dry grasslands and prairies
Tundra
Vast, treeless plains