Sociology 101
Reliability is defined by the text as:
A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.
A cultural universal is:
A pattern or trait common to all societies.
The term value neutrality is defined by the text as:
A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.
The term interpretive framework can be defined as:
A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.
The term languagecan be defined as:
A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
A hypothesis can be defined as:
A testable proposition
____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer.
Agricultural
Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation?
Alienation from one's religion
n 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____.
An innovation
Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as:
An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy
Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______.
Case study
The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because:
Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.
Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.
Collective conscience
Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective.
Conflict Theory
Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of:
Conflict theory
eremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under?
Conflict theory
What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society?
Constructivism
Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______.
Control group
Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research?
Gathering data from government studies
__ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.
Habitualization
Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism?
Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.
Please place the following societies in chronological order:
Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural
Qualitative sociology can be defined as:
In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.
Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?
Incest taboos
John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.
Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades
What is the importance of interpretive framework?
It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?
Making eye contact while speaking
What is one difference between a more and a folkway?
Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.
Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____.
Non-material culture
Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?
Observing study participants without their consent
In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____.
Participant observation
Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:
People base their images on how they think other people see them.
MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______.
Popular culture; high culture
Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method.
Quantitative
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?
Receive corroboration from the field
Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?
Secondary data analysis
Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct?
Secondary data analysis
_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.
Structural Functionalists
Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?
The hippie movement of the 1960's
Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?
The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account
Xenocentrism is:
The opposite of ethnocentrism
Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:
The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy
Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics?
To ensure the financial gain of the researchers
Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function.
manifest; latent
Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy?
Émile Durkheim
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____.
Culture shock
The term valuescan be defined as:
A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.
Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity?
A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama
Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______.
Ethnocentrism
Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination
How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
Alienation is defined by the text as:
The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.
vanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.
Ascribed status
Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology?
August Comte
Which of the following is an example of role strain?
Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.
As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:
Collective norms are weakened.b. Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness. c. Specialization of labor lead to alienation.
Society and culture _____.
Could not exist without each other
Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______.
Cultural imperialism
Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds.
Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) _____.
Ethnography
Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method?
Field research
he process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as:
Figuration
What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream:
Hipsters
____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____.
Karl Marx; Communism
Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?
Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____.
Macro-level; micro-level
A paradigm can be defined as:
Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____.
Reliability
On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of ______.
Role performance
Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______.
Secondary data
In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ______.
Subculture
A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.
Symbolic interactionist
After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups.
Symbolic interactionist
Sociology is defined as the
Systematic study of society and social interaction.
A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________.
The Hawthorne Effect
The term institutionalization can be defined as:
The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.
Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?
The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.
Verstehen is defined by the text as:
To understand in a deep way.
Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____.
Xenocentricism
The concept anomie can be defined as:
a situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness
According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact?
a. A religious belief b. A law c. A custom
