Sociology 2301 - Chauvin Connect Ch.1-3
Chapter 2 - Studies conducted on a particular group of people over a time period that enable distinguishing between criminals and non-criminals are called _________.
longitudinal studies
Chapter 1 - ________ ________ is the term used to describe an activity aimed at making illegally obtained and, therefore, untaxed funds appear legitimate.
money laundering
Chapter 2 - According to the Uniform Crime Reports for 2007, the arrest ratio between male and female offenders is ___________.
more than 3:1
Chapter 2 - True or False. Legislatures require the showing of criminal intent or mens rea for all types of offenses.
False
Chapter 1 - True or False: Scientists who study the criminal justice system are often referred to as criminologists.
False; they are referred to as criminal justice specialists
Chapter 3 - Identify a contribution of Gabriel Tarde to the field of criminology.
He formulated one of the oldest sociological theories of criminal behavior
Chapter 3 - How did Richard Dugdale prove his idea of inherited criminality?
He studied more than thousand members who belonged to the same family
Chapter 1 - The earliest criminals codes like the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi and the Roman Law of the Twelve Tables do not list ________ as a crime.
Homicide
Chapter 1 - Which of the following is true about 911 in the United States?
It is used when people need police protection from a criminal attack or similar emergencies.
Chapter 1 - Identify the true statements about smuggling illegal immigrants.
It raises concerns of terrorism in destination countries
Chapter 2 - Identify a true statement about a case study.
It sources information from documents such as life histories, biographies, diaries, and other records
Chapter 1 - In the context of criminology, identify a true statement of 911.
It starts the process of criminal justice
Chapter 2 - Identify a true statement about the research on social class and crime conducted by Delbert Elliott and Suzanne Ageton.
Lower-class young people committed more serious crimes than middle-class young people
Chapter 1 - Mark earns a lot of cash by selling cocaine on the streets. He gives it to a small-time lawyer who assures Mark that he would convert his earnings into a legitimate income. This scenario is an example of __________.
Money Laundering
Chapter 3 - _______ _______ was a term used to describe persons who were normal in all aspects except that something was wrong with the part of the brain that regulates affective responses.
Moral insanity
Chapter 2 - The criminal intent of wrongfully killing another human being is called _________.
Murder
Chapter 2 - The data on every single crime occurrence and arrest from local, state, and federal automated records system are provided by the __________.
National Incident-Based Reporting System
Chapter 3 - _________, according to Raffaele Garofalo, are those that offend the basic moral sentiments of probity and piety.
Natural crimes
Chapter 1 - In 1885, Italian law professor ____________ coined the term criminology.
Raffaele Garofalo
Chapter 2 - _______ is an exception to the mens rea requirement.
Strict liability
Chapter 1 - Identify the earliest criminal codes.
The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi
Chapter 1 - Identify a true statement about cyberspace abuse.
The abuse of cyberspace for money laundering may ultimately lead to support of terrorist groups.
Chapter 2 - Assume that a sleepwalker severely injures a passerby by throwing an object. Identify the legal treatment that is likely to occur in this case.
The event is unlikely to be considered an act.
Chapter 1 - Which of the following is true of weapons of mass destruction?
The market of weapons of mass destruction is relatively new.
Chapter 2 - Identify a true statement about Part II offenses.
They are unlikely to include traffic violations
Chapter 3 - Identify a disadvantage of criminal laws that existed before classical criminology.
They did not specify the kind or amount of punishment associated with various crimes
Chapter 1 - How did Cesare Lombroso's theories help in improving criminology?
They resulted in psychologists and psychiatrists playing an important role in the study of crime and criminals.
Chapter 1 - Why do terrorists seek to destroy past cultures?
To impose their own vision of culture
Chapter 2 - The civil wrongs for which the law does not prescribe punishment but merely grants the injured party the right to recover damages are called_________.
Torts
Chapter 1 - Identify an act that was considered punishable by all early societies.
Treason
Chapter 1 - True or False: The problem of illegal immigrants is now a major political issue for the United States, raising concerns about border security, civil liberties, and the rights of citizenship.
True
Chapter 2 - True of False. If a defendant's act has not created a specific harm, the crime is considered to be incomplete.
True
Chapter 3 - True or False. Monarchs often issued what were called in French lettres de cachet, under which an individual could be imprisoned for almost any reason or for no reason at all.
True
Chapter 2 - The data collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) are compiled into reports called the __________.
Uniform Crime Reports
Chapter 1 - Identify an act that qualifies as an act of terrorism.
Use of weapons of mass destruction
Chapter 2 - Identify a true statement about the limitations of the Uniform Crime Reports.
When several crimes are committed in one event, only the most serious is recorded.
Chapter 1 - The consensus model depends on.........
a vast majority of people who share the same view
Chapter 2 - The decline in the involvement in criminal activities with age is referred to as _________ phenomenon.
aging-out
Chapter 3 - According to Emile Durkheim, a breakdown of social order as a result of a loss of standards and values is known as __________.
anomie
Chapter 2 - The ________ requirement of crime demands that an actor must achieve the harm through his or her own effort.
causation
Chapter 1 - According to Edwin H. Sutherland, criminologists should ______________.
collect information for study and analysis in accordance with the research methods of modern science
Chapter 2 - The _______ requirement of crimes states that a criminal act must be accompanied by an equally criminal mind.
concurrence
Chapter 1 - The model wherein the criminal law expresses the values of the ruling class in a society and the use of the criminal justice system is a means of controlling the classes that have no power is known as the.......
conflict model
Chapter 2 - The _________ presented frequently by experts help in analyzing crime data.
crime rates
Chapter 2 - The facts, observations, and pertinent information collected on a particular subject of a study is commonly referred to as ________.
data
Chapter 1 - In the context of criminality, destroying the environment is called......
ecocide
Chapter 2 - Of all the data collection methods available to study crime, the _________ method is used infrequently because it is difficult and costly to conduct.
experimental study
Chapter 1 - In the 18th century, conclusions of the investigations into criminal behavior were based on __________.
factual information
Chapter 2 - When an experiment is conducted in real-world, or field, settings instead of laboratories, it is known as a(n) ____________.
field experiment
Chapter 1 - One of the key differences between criminal justice and criminology is that unlike criminology, criminal justice _____________.
focuses on the effects of of changes in sentencing philosophy
Chapter 2 - The term mens rea means........
guilty mind
Chapter 1 - The main difference between criminology and criminal justice is that unlike criminal justice, criminology ___________.
has its roots in European scholarship
Chapter 2 - The Part I offense of crimes against persons and properties are collectively called ___________.
index crimes
Chapter 2 - A defendant claims that he could not form the requisite mens rea of an act due to the existence of a mental illness. This is an example of the ___________.
insanity defense
Chapter 1 - During the 1980's, the _________ increased sharply, turning the world into a global village.
internationalization of national economies
Chapter 2 - Homicide is not included in the National Crime Victimization Survey because ___________.
its victims cannot be interviewed
Chapter 2 - Which of the following constitutes a criminal activity?
kidnapping a child
Chapter 3 - According to Gabriel Tarde, principles that governed the process by which people became criminals are known as __________ ________ ________.
laws of imitation
Chapter 2 - According to the ______ requirement of crime, only conduct that has been made criminal by law before an act is committed can be a crime.
legality
Chapter 2 - Researchers viewed that the participation of women in crime has changed because ___________.
the social and economic roles of women have changed in the recent years
Chapter 2 - A(n) __________ is a systematic set of principles that explain how to or more phenomenon are related.
theory
Chapter 1 - The group of 18 forms of criminality classified by the United Nations is known as........
transnational criminality
Chapter 1 - A key similarity between the criminal justice system and criminology is that both ___________.
use the same scientific research methods
Chapter 2 - The ________ measures crimes by interviewing individuals about their experiences as a target of a criminal activity.
victimization surveys
Chapter 2 - Match the cultures with their methods of categorizing crimes.
1. Ancient Romans - classified crimes as those against gods and those against other human beings 2. English lawyers of the 18th century - classified by listing crimes alphabetically 3. French society of the early 19th century - classified under three categories by creating a typology
Chapter 2 - Identify the Part 1 offense exempted from the National Crime Victimization Survey.
1. Arson 2. Criminal homicide
Chapter 3 - Match the following types of physique to their corresponding features.
1. Asthenic - lean, slightly built, narrow shoulder 2. Athletic -medium to tall, strong, muscular, coarse bones 3. Pyknic - medium height, rounded figure, massive neck, broad face
Chapter 2 - Match the types of defenses with their examples.
1. Defense of Insanity - it is claimed by a person with mental disorder who had no actus reus 2. Defense of Infancy - it is claimed by a five-year-old girl who committed an irrational defense 3. Defense of Mistake of Fact - it is claimed by a lady who took someone else's coat believing it to be her own 4. Defense of Public Duty - it is claimed by a police officer who touched a suspect without consent
Chapter 2 - Match the types of Part II offenses with the characteristics of their victims.
1. Drug abuse and vagrancy --> they are victimless 2. Gambling and con games --> victims are willing participants 3. Forgery and Fraud --> victims are unaware of being victimized
Chapter 3 - Identify the groups of somatotypes formulated by William Sheldon.
1. Ectomorphs 2. Mesomorphs 3. Endomorphs
Chapter 3 - Match the following categories of Sheldon's body types to their corresponding features.
1. Endomorphs - they have a predominance of soft roundness throughout the body 2. Mesomorphs - they are muscular, strong, heavy-bonded, and firm
Chapter 2 - Arrange the following based on their severity.
1. Felonies 2. Misdemeanors 3. Violations
Chapter 2 - In the context of the mens rea requirement of crime, identify the activities that constitute a crime.
1. Forging a signature on a check belonging to another person 2. Invading another person's home 3. Violently attack a person
Chapter 3 - Identify the German physicians who laid the foundation for phrenology.
1. Franz Jospeh Gall 2. Johann Kaspar Spurzheim
Chapter 3 - According to Cesare Lombroso, identify the stigmata that help in identifying a born criminal.
1. Huge jaws 2. Strong canine teeth
Chapter 1 - Identify the ways of cyberspace abuse by terrorists organizations.
1. It can be abused for money laundering 2. It can be abused for targeting the national security and technology infrastructure of various countries
Chapter 3 - Which of the following principles are parts of Cesare Beccaria's classical criminology?
1. Judges should not interpret laws 2. Only legislatures should create laws
Chapter 2 - Identify the true statements about the relationship between gender and crimes in the United States.
1. Men account for 82 percent of crimes involving a single offender 2. Men are likely to commit more crimes than women at all ages 3. The rate of increase in crimes in female offenders has risen faster than the rate of males in recent years
Chapter 2 - Identify the true statements about the characteristics of crimes revealed by the National Crime Victimization Survey data.
1. Most personal thefts are committed during the day 2. More than half the violent crimes occur between 6:00am-6:00pm
Chapter 2 - Arrange the steps involved in a criminal act in order to be known to the police in the correct order of occurrence.
1. The act must be perceived by an individual 2. The act must be classified as something that places it within the purview of the criminal justice system 3. The act must be reported to the police 4. The act must be classified and redefined by the police 5. The act must be recorded by the police as a crime
Chapter 2 - Identify the common legal elements that determine the criminality of an act.
1. The act requirement 2. The legality requirement 3. The harm requirement 4. The causation requirement 5. The mens rea requirement 6. The concurrence requirement 7. The punishment requirement
Chapter 2 - Identify the requirements for a research project to be approved by the institutional review board for human experimentation.
1. The research should have scientific merit 2. The researchers should have obtained informed consent from the participants 3. The risks to subjects should be balanced by the potential benefits to society
Chapter 1 - Identify a true statement about the similarity between the criminal justice system and criminology.
Both rely on the cooperation of many other disciplines.
Chapter 1 - Match the areas of Jack D. Douglas and Frances C. Waksler's funnel of deviance.
Broadest --> a feeling that something is vaguely wrong, strange, peculiar Narrowest --> a judgement that something is absolutely evil
Chapter 1 - The term _______ refers to any human conduct that violates criminal law and is subject to punishment.
Crime
Chapter 1 - Identify the term that became popular only in 1967 with the publication of the report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society.
Criminal Justice System
Chapter 1 - _______ is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon, and it includes within its scope the process of making laws, of breaking laws, and of reacting toward the breaking of laws
Criminology
Chapter 3 - _______ was developed as an attempt to apply rationality and the rule of law to brutal and arbitrary criminal justice processes.
Criminology
Chapter 1 - Criminologists use the term ______ to describe behavior that violates social norms, including laws.
Deviance
Chapter 2 - Analyzing all the pertinent aspects of one unit of research, such as an individual, a group, or a community, is referred to as __________.
a case study
Chapter 2 - Investigators who engage in _________ are likely to engage themselves in many activities of the group under study in order to have a clear picture of the group's behavior.
participant observation
Chapter 3 - The study of facial features and their relation to human behavior is known as __________.
physiognomy
Chapter 2 - The large group of persons who are questioned in a survey are called the ________ of the survey.
population
Chapter 2 - The facts and observations gathered by researchers for conducting a particular study are called __________.
primary data
Chapter 1 - Terrorists engage in illicit drug trafficking because it....
provides easy access to large funds
Chapter 2 - A ________ refers to a representative subset of the population chosen for interviewing.
sample
Chapter 2 - Investigations that ask people to report their own criminal acts are called ____________ surveys.
self-report
Chapter 3 - Enrico Ferri's interest in socialism led him to recognize the importance of _________.
social, economic, and political determinants of criminal behavior
Chapter 2 - The _______ method of data collection is one of the most widely used and cost-effective ways of measuring group characteristics in criminal activities.
survey research
Chapter 2 - According to the causation requirement, a crime is complete only if ___________.
the actor's conduct has caused them harm
