sociology 3.0

What do the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Nazism, birth control, and Protestantism all have in common?

They all are the products of social movements.

The decline of traditional communities, the increase in individual autonomy, and a strong belief in the power of science and technology to improve the world are typical of:

modernity

Many people think that nuclear proliferation can be best understood as a tragedy of the commons. If someone sees nuclear proliferation this way, which of the following might he or she propose as a solution?

. a global grassroots movement demanding that governments destroy nuclear warheads

MoveOn.org was one of the first groups to successfully organize a large number of people around issues like partisan bickering and the power of corporate lobbies in Washington, in large part because it used innovative technology to locate, recruit, and organize supporters. This is exactly what ________ theory would predict.

. resource mobilization

Which historical event convinced American scholars that NOT all social movements can be explained in terms of the psychological needs of their members?

. the Civil Rights Movement

Around twelve thousand years ago, in what we now call the Middle East, people began to domesticate grain, a process that slowly spread around the world over the next six to seven thousand years. In 1984, 8 percent of U.S. households had a computer; by 2008, that number was estimated to be above 70 percent. How do these two things relate to social change?

Both are examples of social change, occurring at different rates.

How does a fad differ from fashion?

Fads become very popular for short periods of time, while fashions are widespread styles of behavior that may last for longer periods of time.

In what way has Bhutan resisted the forces of globalization?

In the capital city, there are no chain stores.

Hero of Alexander, a mathematician who lived in Rome, invented a steam engine in the first century CE. What does this say about William Ogburn's theory of technological determinism?

It suggests that technological determinism cannot always explain social change.

Anna's father tried a low-carb diet for a while, but stopped when he became aware of a new diet called "paleo." This is an example of:

a fad.

Many people think that nuclear proliferation can be best understood as a tragedy of the commons. If someone sees nuclear proliferation this way, which of the following might he or she propose as a solution?

a global grassroots movement demanding that governments destroy nuclear warheads

Although it might cause a great deal of harm in the long run, individual companies have an economic interest in fossil fuels. What is it called when the pursuit of individual gain leads to loss for a larger group?

a tragedy of the commons

Bhutan's attempt to achieve Gross National Happiness, rather than a higher gross national product, reflects its attempt to:

adopt what it believes the "West" does correctly, while rejecting consumerism.

Until it was canceled due to safety concerns in 2009, thousands of UCLA students used to gather several times a year for an "undie run" as a way of relieving stress during finals. What is this an example of?

collective behavior

What was one of the earliest theories of collective behavior?

contagion

What theory of collective behavior would suggest that when crowds come together a "mob mentality" takes over and rational thought disappears?

contagion theory

People who take advantage of a public good without contributing to it are called:

free riders.

The process by which social structures and institutions become global rather than national is called:

globalization

A public goods dilemma occurs when:

individuals must give something to a collective resource without necessarily taking anything in return.

Many have noticed that the U.S. economy seems increasingly focused on producing and managing information, rather than on making things. What term or concept could describe this shift?

postmodernism

The World Church of the Creator, founded by Matt Hale, wants to stop both religious and racial integration of America. This makes his movement a:

regressive social movement.

For many years there have been efforts to organize teaching assistants on college campuses and form a union. Often these efforts fail because of practical reasons: there are limited volunteers, leaders graduate and leave, and the organizers have limited money for supplies. What theory would be interested in these reasons?

resource mobilization

Sociologists who focus on how practical constraints and opportunities can help or hinder a social movement are using:

resource mobilization theory.

In Lincoln, Nebraska, in the summer of 2009, two groups held rallies about health care, one supporting and one opposing legislation proposed to overhaul America's health-care system. At one point, the two groups went beyond holding signs and shouting slogans, and tempers flared. Objects were thrown, shoving matches broke out, and the police had to step in to break up the:

riot.

Today, it is not uncommon for parents to call their children because they need help performing a simple task on a computer, like ripping a CD and using an email program to mail a song to someone. Typically, parents teach children, not the other way around. What creates situations in which parents have to turn to their children for help?

social change

Periods in which social change happens so rapidly that whole societies are dramatically redefined are called:

social revolutions.

When did African Americans gain the legal right to exercise their right to vote?

with the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act

Regressive or reactionary social movements are always:

working to make sure things stay the same, or even to turn them back to an earlier point in history