Sociology, ch 5

sociologist that termed "the looking glass self"

Charles Cooley

What country encourages a gap year after high school?

England

From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person's socialization? a. Gender b. Class c. Blood type d. Race

c. Blood type

How does psychology and sociology differ?

psychology - how mind influences behavior sociology - how society contributes to an individual's relationship with the world

generalized other

the common behavioral expectations of general society

Sociologist's research that showed boys and girls have different understandings of morality

Carol Gilligan

Psychologist that believed personality changed over time

Erik Erikson

Malcolm Gladwell said social skill aren't innate but learned. What did he mean?

Example: Lower income family - children develop on their own with independence Higher income - parents actively foster and access child's talents, opinions, and skills

mass media

Forms of communication, such as newspapers and radio, that reach millions of people.

Psychoanalyst that put forth a theory about how people develop a sense of self. Personality and sexual development are closely linked.

Sigmund Freud

self

a person's distinct sense of identity as developed through social interaction

Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to new roles? a. Infancy b. School age c. Adulthood d. Senior citizen

a. Infancy

Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving? a. Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment. b. Wealthy parents are not concerned about their children rebelling against their rules. c. Wealthy parents never engage in repetitive tasks. d. Wealthy parents are more concerned with money than with a good education.

a. Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment.

Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization? a. School b. Family c. Mass media d. Workplace

b. Family

Which of the following is a manifest function of schools? a. Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent b. Learning to read and write c. Following a schedule d. Knowing locker room etiquette

b. Learning to read and write

1. Socialization, as a sociological term, describes: a. how people interact during social situations b. how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values c. a person's internal mental state when in a group setting d. the difference between introverts and extroverts

b. how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values

Which one of the following is not a way people are socialized by religion? a. People learn the material culture of their religion. b. Life stages and roles are connected to religious celebration. c. An individual's personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith. d. Places of worship provide a space for shared group experiences.

c. An individual's personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith.

What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg's conventional level? a. Children develop the ability to have abstract thoughts. b. Morality is developed by pain and pleasure. c. Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral. d. Parental beliefs have no influence on children's morality.

c. Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral.

What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked? a. The justice perspective b. Sympathetic reactions to moral situations c. The perspective of females d. How social environment affects how morality develops

c. The perspective of females

Which of the following is true regarding U.S. socialization of recent high school graduates? a. They are expected to take a year "off" before college. b. They are required to serve in the military for one year. c. They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation. d. They are required to move away from their parents.

c. They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation.

Chris Langan's story illustrates that: a. children raised in one-parent households tend to have higher IQs. b. intelligence is more important than socialization. c. socialization can be more important than intelligence. d. neither socialization nor intelligence affects college admissions.

c. socialization can be more important than intelligence.

How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce? a. With a standardized curriculum b. Through the hidden curriculum c. By socializing them in teamwork d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What is one way to distinguish between psychology and sociology? a.Psychology focuses on the mind, while sociology focuses on society. b. Psychologists are interested in mental health, while sociologists are interested in societal functions. c. Psychologists look inward to understand behavior while sociologists look outward. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Why do sociologists need to be careful when drawing conclusions from twin studies? a. The results do not apply to singletons. b. The twins were often raised in different ways. c. The twins may turn out to actually be fraternal. d. The sample sizes are often small.

d. The sample sizes are often small.

The Harlows' study on rhesus monkeys showed that: a. rhesus monkeys raised by other primate species are poorly socialized b. monkeys can be adequately socialized by imitating humans c. food is more important than social comfort d. social comfort is more important than food

d. social comfort is more important than food

List the social group agents

family peer groups

peer group

made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests

Identify the psychosexual stages of the maturation process of Freud

oral anal phallic latency genital

Millenials/Gen Y

people born during early eighties to early nineties

three levels of moral development (developed by Lawrence Kohlberg)

preconventional - young children - world thru senses conventional teen aware of others' feelings postconvential adult morality in abstract legality and morality do not match

Nurture

relationships and caring that surround us

List the institutional agents

school workplace religion government mass media

nature

the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions

hidden curriculum

the informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school

degradation ceremony

the process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identities and are given new ones (example - elderly moves to senior care home and gives up family home and belongings or someone enters the military)

resocialization

the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors

moral development

the way people learn what is "good" and "bad" in society

anticipatory socialization

the way we prepare for future life roles