Sociology Chapter 1

the first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was

Auguste Comte

The sociologist who developed the concept of the power elite was

C. Wright Mills

Over twenty years prior to the birth of Durkhiem and Weber, Society in America, an analysis of American customs, was published by sociologist

Harriet Martineau

Because of her outstanding and effective efforts at social reform as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Jane Addams

Of the following social science theorists, which one least embraced the concepts associated with symbolic interactionism

Karl Marx

The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was

Karl Marx

The Wall Street Journal has declared the "three greatest modern thinkers" as being

Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Albert Einstien

The contemporary conflict sociologist who pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people in close relationships was

Lewis Coser

the notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as

Social Darwinism

The American Sociologist who focused on social theory in the 1940s, developing detailed models of how society works harmoniously works together was

Talcott Parsons

Sociology first took root as an academic discipline at _______ in 1890.

The University of Kansas

The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, spent his lifetime studying race relations in America, and was one of the founders of the NAACP ws

W.E.B. DuBois

According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires ________.

a value framework from which to view the change

According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of ________.

capitalism

Investing to make profits within a rational system is called

capitalism

Tom works on the assembly line at the local automobile factory. Karl Marx would consider Tom to be a ______ because he does not own the factory

capitalist

Karl Marx believed the key element in understanding human history is to understand

class conflict

Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ________.

class conflict

In studying problems of the homeless, _____ would focus on the face-to-face micro level interactions among the homeless

conflict theorits

The first goal of each scientific discipline is to ________.

explain why something happens

of the following influences, the one that C. Wright Mills most attributed to being the one that sociologists would use to explain individual behavior is

external influences

at the first meeting of the American Sociological Society, Albion Small announced the primary reason for sociology was its "practical application to the improvement of social life." Smalls was expressing a goal of sociology aligned with the disciplines _______ stage of development in the United states

first

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark wold be considered a ________ theorist and John would be seen as a _______ theorist

functional; conflict

Sociologists who analyze how behavior depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely

functionalists

The breaking down of national boundaries because of advances in communication, trade, and travel is referred to as

globalization

Sociologist Lewis Coser pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people who are

in close relationships

Sociologists emphasize the notion that our thinking and motivation are largely determined by

influences drawn from our life experiences

College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________.

latent function

weber stressed the notion that sociological research should be "value free." This means that sociologists should not

let personal values affect their research

Sara is conducting a study on how North American Free Trade Agreement has resulted in millions of Americans lsoing thei jobs and how once prosperous manufacturing cities have become ghost towns. Saras research is being conducted at the _____ level of analysis

macro

Functionalists and conflict theorists tend to focus on the ______, or large scale patterns of society, in conducting their analyses

macro level

Sergio is interested in how changes in society are related to homelessness. He is examining how the movement of factory jobs from the U.S. to overseas locations has contributed to the increase in the number of homelelss. Sergio is conducting ____ analysis.

macro level

According to Robert Merton, ______ are the intended beneficial consequences of peoples actions

manifest functions

Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the ________.

protestant ethic

Clarise is employed as an FBI profiler. She has been asked to identify the common personality characteristics among a list of 15 serial killers. Clarise would most likely contact a/an ______ to assist her in her efforts.

psychologist

Dr. Zahn spends virtually all his academic interest in analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a _______ sociologist

pure

In contrast to Marx, Weber makes the argument that

religious beliefs are the central force in social change

Art has an interest in developing psychological profiled and is an avid student of William Sheldon's work on body types and personality. Art has submitted a research request to repeat Sheldon'd classic study on body types to determine if Sheldon's original findings are still valid. This type of research is referred to as

replication

Durkhiem referred to patterns of behavior that characterize a social group as

social facts

Durkhiem stressed the need for sociologists to focus on _____, while Weber stressed that ____ should also be studied by sociologists.

social facts; subjective meanings

When sociologists' group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine ________.

social skills

Max Weber termed the readiness to invest capital in order to make more money the

spirit of capitalism

Functionalists refer to how parts of a society fir together to form a whole as

structure

the two events that contributed the greatest incentive to the development of sociology because they destroyed tradition and encouraged people to rethink social life were _____ and ______

the American Revolution; the French Revolution

The university that dominated sociology as an academic discipline when Albion Small headed the department was...

the University of Chicago

conflict theorists would contend that changes in ______ explain the high divorce rates in the United States

the male-female power relationship

According to Max Weber,_____ means "to grasp by insight" and to have an understanding of the feeling and motivations of people being studied

verstehen