Sociology Chapter 1
the first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was
Auguste Comte
The sociologist who developed the concept of the power elite was
C. Wright Mills
Over twenty years prior to the birth of Durkhiem and Weber, Society in America, an analysis of American customs, was published by sociologist
Harriet Martineau
Because of her outstanding and effective efforts at social reform as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
Jane Addams
Of the following social science theorists, which one least embraced the concepts associated with symbolic interactionism
Karl Marx
The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was
Karl Marx
The Wall Street Journal has declared the "three greatest modern thinkers" as being
Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Albert Einstien
The contemporary conflict sociologist who pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people in close relationships was
Lewis Coser
the notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as
Social Darwinism
The American Sociologist who focused on social theory in the 1940s, developing detailed models of how society works harmoniously works together was
Talcott Parsons
Sociology first took root as an academic discipline at _______ in 1890.
The University of Kansas
The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, spent his lifetime studying race relations in America, and was one of the founders of the NAACP ws
W.E.B. DuBois
According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires ________.
a value framework from which to view the change
According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of ________.
capitalism
Investing to make profits within a rational system is called
capitalism
Tom works on the assembly line at the local automobile factory. Karl Marx would consider Tom to be a ______ because he does not own the factory
capitalist
Karl Marx believed the key element in understanding human history is to understand
class conflict
Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ________.
class conflict
In studying problems of the homeless, _____ would focus on the face-to-face micro level interactions among the homeless
conflict theorits
The first goal of each scientific discipline is to ________.
explain why something happens
of the following influences, the one that C. Wright Mills most attributed to being the one that sociologists would use to explain individual behavior is
external influences
at the first meeting of the American Sociological Society, Albion Small announced the primary reason for sociology was its "practical application to the improvement of social life." Smalls was expressing a goal of sociology aligned with the disciplines _______ stage of development in the United states
first
Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark wold be considered a ________ theorist and John would be seen as a _______ theorist
functional; conflict
Sociologists who analyze how behavior depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely
functionalists
The breaking down of national boundaries because of advances in communication, trade, and travel is referred to as
globalization
Sociologist Lewis Coser pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people who are
in close relationships
Sociologists emphasize the notion that our thinking and motivation are largely determined by
influences drawn from our life experiences
College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________.
latent function
weber stressed the notion that sociological research should be "value free." This means that sociologists should not
let personal values affect their research
Sara is conducting a study on how North American Free Trade Agreement has resulted in millions of Americans lsoing thei jobs and how once prosperous manufacturing cities have become ghost towns. Saras research is being conducted at the _____ level of analysis
macro
Functionalists and conflict theorists tend to focus on the ______, or large scale patterns of society, in conducting their analyses
macro level
Sergio is interested in how changes in society are related to homelessness. He is examining how the movement of factory jobs from the U.S. to overseas locations has contributed to the increase in the number of homelelss. Sergio is conducting ____ analysis.
macro level
According to Robert Merton, ______ are the intended beneficial consequences of peoples actions
manifest functions
Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the ________.
protestant ethic
Clarise is employed as an FBI profiler. She has been asked to identify the common personality characteristics among a list of 15 serial killers. Clarise would most likely contact a/an ______ to assist her in her efforts.
psychologist
Dr. Zahn spends virtually all his academic interest in analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a _______ sociologist
pure
In contrast to Marx, Weber makes the argument that
religious beliefs are the central force in social change
Art has an interest in developing psychological profiled and is an avid student of William Sheldon's work on body types and personality. Art has submitted a research request to repeat Sheldon'd classic study on body types to determine if Sheldon's original findings are still valid. This type of research is referred to as
replication
Durkhiem referred to patterns of behavior that characterize a social group as
social facts
Durkhiem stressed the need for sociologists to focus on _____, while Weber stressed that ____ should also be studied by sociologists.
social facts; subjective meanings
When sociologists' group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine ________.
social skills
Max Weber termed the readiness to invest capital in order to make more money the
spirit of capitalism
Functionalists refer to how parts of a society fir together to form a whole as
structure
the two events that contributed the greatest incentive to the development of sociology because they destroyed tradition and encouraged people to rethink social life were _____ and ______
the American Revolution; the French Revolution
The university that dominated sociology as an academic discipline when Albion Small headed the department was...
the University of Chicago
conflict theorists would contend that changes in ______ explain the high divorce rates in the United States
the male-female power relationship
According to Max Weber,_____ means "to grasp by insight" and to have an understanding of the feeling and motivations of people being studied
verstehen