Sociology (Chapter 10 - 15) Final review

Chapter 13: What is the primary driver of modernization theory? a. Industrialization b. Aging c. Conflict d. Interactions

A. industrialization

Chapter 14: Children of divorced parents are _______ to divorce in their own marriage than children of parents who stayed married. a. more likely b. less likely c. equally likely

A. more likely

Chapter 13: In Erik Erikson's developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle? a. Overcoming despair to achieve integrity b. Overcoming role confusion to achieve identity c. Overcoming isolation to achieve intimacy d. Overcoming shame to achieve autonomy

A. overcoming despair to achieve integrity

Chapter 13: The "graying of the United States" refers to ________. a. the increasing percentage of the population over sixty-five years old b. faster aging due to stress c. dissatisfaction with retirement plans d. increased health problems such as Alzheimer's

A. the increasing percentage of the population over sixty-five years old

Chapter 13: If elderly people suffer abuse, it is most often perpetrated by ______. a. spouses b. caregivers c. lawyers d. strangers

B. Caregivers

Chapter 14: Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model? a. It is too broad and accounts for too many aspects of family. b. It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages. c. It does not serve a practical purpose for studying family behavior. d. It is not based on comprehensive research.

B. It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages.

Chapter 14: Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States? a. Physical abuse b. Neglect c. Shaken-baby syndrome d. Verbal mistreatment

B. Neglect

Chapter 13: Veterans are two to four times more likely to ______ as people who did not serve in the military. a. be a victim of elder abuse b. commit suicide c. be concerned about financial stresses d. be abusive toward care providers

B. commit suicide

Chapter 13: Today in the United States the poverty rate of the elderly is ______. a. lower than at any point in history b. increasing c. decreasing d. the same as that of the general population

B. increasing

Chapter 13: In most countries, elderly women ______ than elderly men. a. are mistreated less b. live a few years longer c. suffer fewer health problems d. deal with issues of aging better

B. live a few years longer

Chapter 13: The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is ______. a. cohort b. sex ratio c. baby boomer d. disengagement

B. sex ratio

Chapter 13: Which action reflects ageism? a. Enabling WWII veterans to visit war memorials b. Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age sixty-five years old c. Believing that older people drive too slowly d. Living in a culture where elders are respected

B. speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age sixty-five years old

Chapter 13: Which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment? a. Bereavement due to widowhood b. Having been abusive as a younger adult c. Being frail to the point of dependency on care d. The ability to bestow a large inheritance on survivors

C. being frail to the point of dependency on care

Chapter 13: Thanatology is the study of _____. a. life expectancy b. biological aging c. death and dying d. adulthood

C. death and dying

Chapter 13: An older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops seeing old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the _______ theory. a. activity b. continuity c. disengagement d. gerotranscendence

C. disengagement

Chapter 14: The median age of first marriage has ______ in the last fifty years. a. increased for men but not women b. decreased for men but not women c. increased for both men and women d. decreased for both men and women

C. increased for both men and women

Chapter 13: Which assertion about aging in men would be made by a sociologist following the functionalist perspective? a. Men view balding as representative of a loss of strength. b. Men tend to have better retirement plans than women. c. Men have life expectancies three to five years shorter than women. d. Men who remain active after retirement play supportive community roles.

D. Men who remain active after retirement play supportive community roles

Chapter 13: The Age Discrimination in Employment Act counteracts which theory? a. Modernization b. Conflict c. Disengagement d. Age stratification

D. age stratification

Chapter 14: According to the study cited by the U.S. Census Bureau, children who live with married parents grow up with more advantages than children who live with: a. a divorced parent b. a single parent c. a grandparent d. all of the above

D. one divorced parent; one unwed parent

Chapter 13: For individual people of a certain culture, the life course is ________. a. the average age they will die b. the lessons they must learn c. the length of a typical bereavement period d. the typical sequence of events in their lives

D. the typical sequence of events in their lives

Chapter 14: Same-sex couple households account for _____ percent of U.S. households. a. 1 b. 10 c. 15 d. 30

a. 1

Chapter 15: Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? a. Functional perspective b. Symbolic interactionist perspective c. Conflict perspective d. Feminist perspective

a. Functional perspective

Chapter 15: Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? a. Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms b. Emphasis on religion as providing social support c. Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life d. None of the above

a. Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms

Chapter 15: Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: a. Scientology and the Hare Krishna b. the Peoples Temple and Heaven's Gate c. the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family d. Quakers and Pentecostals

a. Scientology and the Hare Krishna

Chapter 10: A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure. a. functional b. conflict c. feminist d. symbolic interactionist

a. functional

Chapter 12: The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave. a. gender role b. gender bias c. sexual orientation d. sexual attitudes

a. gender role

Chapter 14: Sociologists tend to define family in terms of a. how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption b. the connection of bloodlines c. the status roles that exist in a family structure d. how closely members adhere to social norms

a. how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption

Chapter 10: If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______ theory to study the global economy. a. modernization theory b. dependency theory c. modern dependency theory d. evolutionary dependency theory

a. modernization theory

Chapter 14: The majority of U.S. children live in: a. two-parent households b. one-parent households c. no-parent households d. multigenerational households

a. two-parent households

Chapter 11: Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?" a. African Americans b. Asian Americans c. White ethnic Americans d. Native Americans

b. Asian Americans

Chapter 11: What is discrimination? a. Biased thoughts against an individual or group b. Biased actions against an individual or group c. Belief that a race different from yours is inferior d. Another word for stereotyping

b. Biased actions against an individual or group

Chapter 12: To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? a. Conflict theory b. Functionalism c. Feminist theory d. Symbolic interactionism

b. Functionalism

Chapter 11: What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor? a. Assimilation b. Pluralism c. Amalgamation d. Segregation

b. Pluralism

Chapter 12: What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex? a. United States b. Sweden c. Mexico d. Ireland

b. Sweden

Chapter 15: Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being? a. Functionalism b. Symbolic interactionism c. Conflict theory d. Feminism

b. Symbolic interactionism

Chapter 10: If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a: a. functionalist b. dependency theorist c. modernization theorist d. symbolic interactionist

b. dependency theorist

Chapter 11: Scapegoat theory shows that: a. subordinate groups blame dominant groups for their problems b. dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems c. some people are predisposed to prejudice d. all of the above

b. dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Chapter 12: Only women are affected by gender stratification. a. True b. False

b. false

Chapter 12: The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________. a. sex b. gender c. both sex and gender d. none of the above

b. gender

Chapter 12: Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______. a. at infancy b. in early adolescence c. in early adulthood d. in late adulthood

b. in early adolescence

Chapter 15: A cultural universal is something that: a. addresses all aspects of a group's behavior b. is found in all cultures c. is based on social norms d. may or may not be of value in meeting social needs

b. is found in all cultures

Chapter 15: A sect: a. has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders b. often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals c. is another term for a cult d. All of the above

b. often believes it must split from the larger group to return

Chapter 11: Speedy Gonzalez is an example of: a. intersection theory b. stereotyping c. interactionist view d. culture of prejudice

b. stereotyping

Chapter 10: Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing: a. global poverty b. subjective poverty c. absolute poverty d. relative poverty

b. subjective poverty

Chapter 12: A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered _______. a. transgender b. transsexual c. a cross-dresser d. homosexual

b. transsexual

Chapter 15: In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced? a. India b. Europe c. China d. The Middle East

c. China

Chapter 15: Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? a. Functional b. Symbolic interactionist c. Conflict theory d. Feminist perspective

c. Conflict theory

Chapter 11: Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance? a. Segregation b. Assimilation c. Genocide d. Expulsion

c. Genocide

Chapter 11: Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11. a. racism b. segregation c. Islamophobia d. prejudice

c. Islamophobia

Chapter 11: Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact? a. It needs to be eradicated by laws. b. It is like a magic pill. c. It does not need the actions of individuals to continue. d. None of the abov

c. It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

Chapter 11: What is the one defining feature of a minority group? a. Self-definition b. Numerical minority c. Lack of power d. Strong cultural identity

c. Lack of power

Chapter 10: In a U.S. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This situation most closely resembles: a. child slavery b. chattel slavery c. debt slavery d. servile marriage

c. debt slavery

Chapter 15: The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: a. the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations b. the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations c. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion d. there are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable

c. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion

Chapter 14: In general, children in ______ households benefit from divorce. a. stepfamily b. multigenerational c. high-conflict d. low-conflict

c. high-conflict

Chapter 10: One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________. a. that semi-peripheral nations are incapable of industrializing b. that peripheral nations prevent semi-peripheral nations from entering the global market c. its inherent ethnocentric bias d. the importance of semi-peripheral nations industrializing

c. its inherent ethnocentric bias

Chapter 15: Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as: a. the protestant work ethic b. conflict management c. liberation theology d. justice work

c. liberation theology

Chapter 12: Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children? a. Children can act however they wish around their peers because children are unaware of gender roles. b. Peers serve as a support system for children who wish to act outside of their assigned gender roles. c. Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles. d. None of the above

c. peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles

Chapter 14: A woman being married to two men would be an example of: a. monogamy b. polygyny c. polyandry d. cohabitation

c. polyandry

Chapter 15: Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are: a. referred to as the Apocrypha b. oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text c. shared by Christianity and Islam d. no longer part of the Torah

c. shared by Christianity and Islam

Chapter 15: What do Christianity and Islam have in common? a. Both believe in a single supreme god. b. Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. c. Both believe in an afterlife. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Chapter 11: Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group? a. Jewish people in Germany b. Creoles in New Orleans c. White people in Brazil d. Blacks under apartheid in South Africa

d. Blacks under apartheid in South Africa

Chapter 15: What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church? a. Catholic and Jewish b. Jehovah's Witnesses and Presbyterians c. Scientology and Hare Krishna d. Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

d. Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

Chapter 11: What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South? a. Jim Crow b. Plessey v. Ferguson c. De jure d. Separate but equal

d. Separate but equal

Chapter 11: What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States? a. They are the only group that experienced expulsion. b. They are the only group that was segregated. c. They are the only group that was enslaved. d. They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.

d. They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.

Chapter 11: Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States? a. For a better life b. To escape oppression c. Because they were forced out of their own countries d. a and b only

d. a and b only

Chapter 12: Sociologists associate sexuality with _______. a. heterosexuality b. homosexuality c. biological factors d. a person's capacity for sexual feelings

d. a person's capacity for sexual feelings

Chapter 11: Stereotypes can be based on: a. race b. ethnicity c. gender d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Chapter 12: According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender": a. during half of our activities b. only when they apply to our biological sex c. only if we are actively following gender roles d. all of the time, in everything we do

d. all of the time, in everything we do

Chapter 11: Ethnicity describes shared: a. beliefs b. language c. religion d. any of the above

d. any of the above

Chapter 11: The racial term "African American" can refer to: a. a black person living in the United States b. people whose ancestors came to the United States through the slave trade c. a white person who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States d. any of the above

d. any of the above

Chapter 10: In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their U.S. factories and relocated to China. This is an example of: a. conflict theory b. OECD c. global inequality d. capital flight

d. capital flight

Chapter 10: Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that: a. core nations and peripheral nations exploit semi-peripheral nations b. semi-peripheral nations exploit core nations c. peripheral nations exploit core nations d. core nations exploit peripheral nations

d. core nations exploit peripheral nations

Chapter 12: Which of following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism? a. It is strictly biological and associated with chemical imbalances in the brain. b. It is a behavior that is learned through socializing with other transgender individuals. c. It is genetic and usually skips one generation. d. Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism.

d. currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism

Chapter 15: Megachurches tend to have: a. a variety of male and female clergy b. numerous buildings in which to meet c. high attendance for only a limited time d. large arenas where services are held

d. large arenas where services are held

Chapter 14: A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a _____ society. a. matrilocal b. bilateral c. matrilineal d. patrilineal

d. patrilineal

Chapter 14: Current divorce rates are: a. at an all-time high b. at an all-time low c. steadily increasing d. steadily declining

d. steadily declining

Chapter 10: A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would: a. study how inequality is created and reproduced b. study how corporations can improve the lives of their low-income workers c. try to understand how companies provide an advantage to high-income nations compared to low-income nations d. want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis

d. want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis

Chapter 10: Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like canned beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike lives in: a. global poverty b. absolute poverty c. subjective poverty d. relative poverty

d. relative poverty

Chapter 13: An older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YWCA to swim every day. She serves on the Friends of the Library board. She is part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the ______ theory. a. activity b. continuity c. disengagement d. gerotranscendence

A. activity

Chapter 13: In the United States, life expectancy rates in recent decades have ______. a. continued to gradually rise b. gone up and down due to global issues such as military conflicts c. lowered as healthcare improves d. stayed the same since the mid-1960s

A. continued to gradually rise

Chapter 13: Who wrote the book On Death and Dying, outlining the five stages of grief? a. Ignatz Nascher b. Erik Erikson c. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross d. Carol Gilligan

C. Elisabeth Kubler- Ross

Chapter 13: America's baby boomer generation has contributed to all of the following except: a. Social Security's vulnerability b. improved medical technology c. Medicaid being in danger of going bankrupt d. rising Medicare budgets

C. Medicaid being in danger of going bankrupt

Chapter 14: Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence (IPV)? a. IPV victims are more frequently men than women. b. One in ten women is a victim of IPV. c. Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol. d. Rape is the most common form of IPV.

C. Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol.

Chapter 14: Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is _______ than the family they grew up with. a. less close b. more close c. at least as close d. none of the above

C. at least as close

Chapter 14: Couples who cohabitate before marriage are ______ couples who did not cohabitate before marriage to be married at least ten years. a. far more likely than b. far less likely than c. slightly less likely than d. equally as likely as

C. slightly less likely than

Chapter 13: What is the approximate median age of the United States? a. eighty-five b. sixty-five c. thirty-seven d. eighteen

C. thirty-seven

Chapter 11: Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it? a. The Bracero Program b. Immigration Reform and Control Act c. Operation Wetback d. SB 1070

a. The Bracero Program

Chapter 10: Slavery in the pre-civil war american south most closely resembled: a. chattel slavery b. debt bondage c. relative poverty d. peonage

a. chattel slavery

Chapter 12: Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______. a. conservative b. liberal c. permissive d. free

a. conservative

Chapter 12: Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability? a. Functionalism b. Conflict theory c. Symbolic interactionalism d. Queer theory

a. functionalism

Chapter 11: Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor. a. melting pot b. Statue of Liberty c. salad bowl d. separate but equal

a. melting pot

Chapter 10: One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______. a. that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations b. that previously high-income nations such as China have been economically overpowered by low-income nations entering the global marketplace c. that countries such as China are growing more dependent on core nations d. that countries such as China do not necessarily want to be more like core nations

a. that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be categorized as dependent on core nations

Chapter 10: Maya is a 12 year old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in -- poverty. a. subjective b. absolute c. relative d. global

b. absolute

Chapter 12: According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school? a. Abstinence only b. Abstinence plus sexual safety c. Sexual safety without promoting abstinence d. No sex education

b. abstinence plus sexual safety

Chapter 15: The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to: a. evolution and natural selection b. capitalism c. determinism d. prejudice and discrimination

b. capitalism

Chapter 10: A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy. a. functional b. conflict theory c. feminist d. symbolic interactionist

b. conflict theory

Chapter 10: France might be classified as which type of nation? a. global b. core c. semi-peripheral d. peripheral

b. core

Chapter 11: As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of: a. intersection theory b. conflict theory c. white privilege d. scapegoating theory

c. white privilege

Chapter 12: Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype? a. Women are typically shorter than men. b. Men do not live as long as women. c. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. d. Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women.

c. women tend to be overly emotion, while men tend to be levelheaded

Chapter 15: In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? a. Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. b. Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values. c. Religions often meet several basic needs. d. All of the above

d. All of the above