sociology chapter 3 culture
Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is about what group of people?
Americans
Ethnocentrism example
An American believes that learning a foreign language is not worth the time because English is the superior language.
cultural relativism example
An American believes that other languages should be respected and valued equally to English.
- an international group of cyber activists—or "hacktivists"—who carry out their attacks online, is an example of a - group. Their targets have included large corporations and major financial institutions such as Nissan, Visa, PayPal, Bank of America, and the New York Stock Exchange. Members of Anonymous have also sought to undermine the operations of terrorist organizations such as -. At the same time, Anonymous has also lent its computer skills to social movements such as - to help advance their cause.
Anonymous ; countercultural; ISIS; Black Lives Matter
xamples of cultural leveling?
Cultural Leveling -The existence of Walmart, Starbucks, McDonald's and other chain stores in the vast majority of American towns. -You can watch Game of Thrones in Uzbekistan Not Cultural Leveling -The adoption of English as a second language in many countries
Identify the true and false statements about culture.
Culture acts as a lens through which individuals view the world. Culture is handed down from generation to generation. Culture includes both material and nonmaterial elements. false statements - culture is second nature
true statements about culture
Culture includes both symbolic and material elements. Culture acts as a lens through which individuals view the world. Culture is handed down from generation to generation.
Which of the following are examples of dominant culture in the United States?
Dominant - music played on most radio stations Not Dominant Culture - movies shown at small art houses - science fiction conventions
Match each scenario to the corresponding element of culture.
Joaquin speaks Spanish, and dreams and thinks in Spanish. He makes no particular effort to speak Spanish; it just comes out of his mouth.seems like "second nature" Correct label:seems like "second nature" When Emma walks through a city, she just has a sense that she should walk differently through an alley than down a crowded street.forms basic assumptions about how the world works Correct label:forms basic assumptions about how the world works On the first day of school, a kindergartner rolls on the floor whenever they feel like it. By the third day, they sit in their chair like the other students.learned Correct label:learned
Which of the following is characteristic of Otaku culture
Otaku culture is an exmaple of the east influencing the west
Ethnocentrism is the principle of using one's own culture as a means or standard by which to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view that cultures other than one's own are abnormal or inferior.
True
Identify the true and false statements about how sociologists study culture.
True: Sociologists often focus on culture within their own society. Sociologists may engage in the process of "othering" by studying the unusual, extraordinary, or deviant in cultural groups. False: Sociologists debate the morals and values of an ideal culture. Sociologists study the cultures of the past, digging for artifacts that document the historical realities of peoples long dead.
conflict theory
Values and norms are often contested by various groups in society. Dominant culture tends to represent and protect the values, norms, and interests of the most powerful groups in society.
Symbolic Interactionism
Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction.
Structural Funtionalism
Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior.
Match each theoretical perspective to its approach to culture.
Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior.structural functionalism Correct label:structural functionalism Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction.symbolic interactionism Correct label:symbolic interactionism Values and norms are part of the dominant culture and tend to represent and protect the interests of the most powerful groups in society.conflict theory Correct label:conflict theory
example of a folkway
a man walking down the street with no shirt on
example of a more
a woman walking down the street with no shirt on
The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other social media by terrorist organizations in other countries to recruit new members is an example of cultural diffusion for which reason?
created in western world and adopted by other countries
According to the textbook, what is culture
culture is the entire way of life of a group of people that acts through a lens through which one views the world that is passed from one generation to the next.
The controversy surrounding the "bathroom bills" of North Carolina and other states is an example of which of the following concepts
culture wars
Cultural - occurs when different groups share their material and nonmaterial culture with each other, and cultural - occurs when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another. A third type of cultural change is cultural -, or the imposition of one culture's beliefs and practices on another culture through - rather than by -
diffusion ; leveling ; imperialism ; media and consumer products ; military force
Which pair of concepts consists of two direct opposites?
ethnocentrism and cultural relativism
Although American culture is highly visible worldwide via the media, the moral and political values of the country are not highly visible.
false
Identify the elements that could be considered culture.
films ; style of dress; historical artifacts incorrect dogs
Identify each item as a sign, a gesture, or neither
frowning at someonegesture Correct label:gesture cryingneither Correct label:neither an emoji for sadnesssign Correct label:sign
Most large retailers such as Target, H&M, and Old Navy carry similar clothing styles, and thus there is not extreme variation in what most Americans wear. Which sociological concept best explains this phenomenon?
hegemony
We occasionally see stories in the media about a high profile individual, such as a religious or political leader who gets caught doing something the society views as wrong, despite the individual often being seen as a moral leader. These are examples of a disconnect between which two cultural concepts?
ideal and real culture
What cultural concept correctly classifies the idea of equality in the United States?
ideal culture
Place each ritual in order according to its appearance in Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema."
individual enters the shrine room, bows head before charm box, mingles different sorts of holy water in the font, and proceeds with a brief rite of ablution
specific types of norms that formally codify what is permissible or forbidden
laws
provides an arena for playing out culture wars?
media
include severe repercussions and public condemnation
mores
Race-based job discrimination is illegal.
norm
cultural leveling
occurs when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another
Which term refers to positive or negative means of enforcing norms?
sanctions
Identify the subcultural and countercultural groups.
sub cultural: marathon runners comic-book fans counter cultural: eco-terrorists computer hackers
Signs, gestures, and language, as well as values and norms, are all part of
symbolic culture
The most powerful of all norms are
taboos
One of the most significant influences on any society is its material culture. And most changes in material culture tend to be technological. Place each technological change in chronological order.
television; internet; smartphones; virtual assistant
cultural imperialism
the imposition of one culture's beliefs and practices on another culture through media and consumer products rather than by military force.
examples of moral holidays
the night in the home city of the team that wins the Super Bowl Halloween
examples of Cultural Diffusion
the popularity of anime programs like Dragon Ball in the United States during the last two decades the spread of hip-hop music (which originated in African American and Latino communities in New York City) among white youth across the United States
Modern cultural imperialism is most closely linked to the proliferation of Western media.
true
Most Americans value the equality and individual freedoms of democracy.
true
Cultural diffusion
usually occurs in the direction from more-developed to less-developed nations,
All people should have the chance to advance by "pulling themselves up by their bootstraps."
value
Identify each statement as a value, a norm, or neither.
value - treat teacher with respect norm - striking a teacher is against the law neither - teachers are more important to society than firefighters or doctors