sociology chapter 3 culture

Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is about what group of people?

Americans

Ethnocentrism example

An American believes that learning a foreign language is not worth the time because English is the superior language.

cultural relativism example

An American believes that other languages should be respected and valued equally to English.

- an international group of cyber activists—or "hacktivists"—who carry out their attacks online, is an example of a - group. Their targets have included large corporations and major financial institutions such as Nissan, Visa, PayPal, Bank of America, and the New York Stock Exchange. Members of Anonymous have also sought to undermine the operations of terrorist organizations such as -. At the same time, Anonymous has also lent its computer skills to social movements such as - to help advance their cause.

Anonymous ; countercultural; ISIS; Black Lives Matter

xamples of cultural leveling?

Cultural Leveling -The existence of Walmart, Starbucks, McDonald's and other chain stores in the vast majority of American towns. -You can watch Game of Thrones in Uzbekistan Not Cultural Leveling -The adoption of English as a second language in many countries

Identify the true and false statements about culture.

Culture acts as a lens through which individuals view the world. Culture is handed down from generation to generation. Culture includes both material and nonmaterial elements. false statements - culture is second nature

true statements about culture

Culture includes both symbolic and material elements. Culture acts as a lens through which individuals view the world. Culture is handed down from generation to generation.

Which of the following are examples of dominant culture in the United States?

Dominant - music played on most radio stations Not Dominant Culture - movies shown at small art houses - science fiction conventions

Match each scenario to the corresponding element of culture.

Joaquin speaks Spanish, and dreams and thinks in Spanish. He makes no particular effort to speak Spanish; it just comes out of his mouth.seems like "second nature" Correct label:seems like "second nature" When Emma walks through a city, she just has a sense that she should walk differently through an alley than down a crowded street.forms basic assumptions about how the world works Correct label:forms basic assumptions about how the world works On the first day of school, a kindergartner rolls on the floor whenever they feel like it. By the third day, they sit in their chair like the other students.learned Correct label:learned

Which of the following is characteristic of Otaku culture

Otaku culture is an exmaple of the east influencing the west

Ethnocentrism is the principle of using one's own culture as a means or standard by which to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view that cultures other than one's own are abnormal or inferior.

True

Identify the true and false statements about how sociologists study culture.

True: Sociologists often focus on culture within their own society. Sociologists may engage in the process of "othering" by studying the unusual, extraordinary, or deviant in cultural groups. False: Sociologists debate the morals and values of an ideal culture. Sociologists study the cultures of the past, digging for artifacts that document the historical realities of peoples long dead.

conflict theory

Values and norms are often contested by various groups in society. Dominant culture tends to represent and protect the values, norms, and interests of the most powerful groups in society.

Symbolic Interactionism

Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction.

Structural Funtionalism

Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior.

Match each theoretical perspective to its approach to culture.

Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior.structural functionalism Correct label:structural functionalism Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction.symbolic interactionism Correct label:symbolic interactionism Values and norms are part of the dominant culture and tend to represent and protect the interests of the most powerful groups in society.conflict theory Correct label:conflict theory

example of a folkway

a man walking down the street with no shirt on

example of a more

a woman walking down the street with no shirt on

The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other social media by terrorist organizations in other countries to recruit new members is an example of cultural diffusion for which reason?

created in western world and adopted by other countries

According to the textbook, what is culture

culture is the entire way of life of a group of people that acts through a lens through which one views the world that is passed from one generation to the next.

The controversy surrounding the "bathroom bills" of North Carolina and other states is an example of which of the following concepts

culture wars

Cultural - occurs when different groups share their material and nonmaterial culture with each other, and cultural - occurs when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another. A third type of cultural change is cultural -, or the imposition of one culture's beliefs and practices on another culture through - rather than by -

diffusion ; leveling ; imperialism ; media and consumer products ; military force

Which pair of concepts consists of two direct opposites?

ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

Although American culture is highly visible worldwide via the media, the moral and political values of the country are not highly visible.

false

Identify the elements that could be considered culture.

films ; style of dress; historical artifacts incorrect dogs

Identify each item as a sign, a gesture, or neither

frowning at someonegesture Correct label:gesture cryingneither Correct label:neither an emoji for sadnesssign Correct label:sign

Most large retailers such as Target, H&M, and Old Navy carry similar clothing styles, and thus there is not extreme variation in what most Americans wear. Which sociological concept best explains this phenomenon?

hegemony

We occasionally see stories in the media about a high profile individual, such as a religious or political leader who gets caught doing something the society views as wrong, despite the individual often being seen as a moral leader. These are examples of a disconnect between which two cultural concepts?

ideal and real culture

What cultural concept correctly classifies the idea of equality in the United States?

ideal culture

Place each ritual in order according to its appearance in Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema."

individual enters the shrine room, bows head before charm box, mingles different sorts of holy water in the font, and proceeds with a brief rite of ablution

specific types of norms that formally codify what is permissible or forbidden

laws

provides an arena for playing out culture wars?

media

include severe repercussions and public condemnation

mores

Race-based job discrimination is illegal.

norm

cultural leveling

occurs when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another

Which term refers to positive or negative means of enforcing norms?

sanctions

Identify the subcultural and countercultural groups.

sub cultural: marathon runners comic-book fans counter cultural: eco-terrorists computer hackers

Signs, gestures, and language, as well as values and norms, are all part of

symbolic culture

The most powerful of all norms are

taboos

One of the most significant influences on any society is its material culture. And most changes in material culture tend to be technological. Place each technological change in chronological order.

television; internet; smartphones; virtual assistant

cultural imperialism

the imposition of one culture's beliefs and practices on another culture through media and consumer products rather than by military force.

examples of moral holidays

the night in the home city of the team that wins the Super Bowl Halloween

examples of Cultural Diffusion

the popularity of anime programs like Dragon Ball in the United States during the last two decades the spread of hip-hop music (which originated in African American and Latino communities in New York City) among white youth across the United States

Modern cultural imperialism is most closely linked to the proliferation of Western media.

true

Most Americans value the equality and individual freedoms of democracy.

true

Cultural diffusion

usually occurs in the direction from more-developed to less-developed nations,

All people should have the chance to advance by "pulling themselves up by their bootstraps."

value

Identify each statement as a value, a norm, or neither.

value - treat teacher with respect norm - striking a teacher is against the law neither - teachers are more important to society than firefighters or doctors