Sociology chapter 5

significant others

According to Mead's theory of development, individuals who have a profound influence on the lives of another person, such as parents or siblings, are referred to as

sensorimotor

According to Piaget, the stage of development that is dominated by touching, listening, looking, and the inability to recognize cause and effect is the -- stage

formal operational stage

According to Piaget, when children are capable of abstract thinking, they have reached the level of development called

a latent function

Although formal education is intended to transmit knowledge and skills, it unintentionally teaches students that the same rules apply to everyone. This university reflects what sociologists describe as

Adultolescence

Another term used for the stage of development called transitional adulthood, which is between the ages of 18 and 29, is

intimate early social interactions

Based on studies of isolated and institutionalized children, what is the key variable in acquiring the basic "human" traits we take for granted

they would probably use physical punishment

Based on the research of Kohn and his associates, how would working-class parents encourage their children to accept guidance when they have deviated from acting properly

significant others

Bob's football coach is a very important influence in his life. Many of Bob's actions are attempts to win the approval of his coach. Mead would suggest that the coach is one of Bob's

suspend Frank's driving privileges for a month and discuss with Frank the dangers of drinking and driving

Frank is the son of a middle-class family. He took the family car without permission last night, returning home at 3 am with the smell of alcohol on his breath. It is most likely, based on the research of Kohn, that the next day Frank's parents will

a degradation ceremony

Fred has just joined a fraternity. As part of his initiation, he has been forced to cook for the fraternity brothers, clean the frat house, and address the fraternity members as "sir." This is an example of what Harold Garfinkel termed

imitation, play, team games

George Herbert Mead theorized that learning to take the role of the other entails three stages the -- stage, -- stage, and --- stage

it reinforces gender roles considered appropriate for one's sex

How does the mass media influence gender roles in contemporary American society

the id

In Freud's theory, what part of the personality represents the pleasure-seeking aspect, demanding immediate fulfillment of basic needs such as attention, food, safety, and sex

superego

In psychoanalytic theory, the "culture within us" is represented by the

the social environment

In the "nature versus nurture" argument regarding socialization, the "nurture" component refers to

peers

Individuals who are approximately the same age and are linked by common interests, including friends, classmates, and the "kids in the neighborhood," are most appropriately referred to as

reasoning skills

Jean Piaget's use of the term "operational" is most aligned with the concept of

total institution

John joined the military this year. When he arrived at boot camp he was immediately greeted with a degradation ceremony and came under total control of the officials. The military is an example of a

the ability to take the roll of another

Of the following traits and abilities, which one would George Herbert Mead consider most essential for an individual to be a full-fledges member of society

self

Our image of how others see us is called the

agents of socialization

People in groups that influence our orientation of life; our self concept, emotions attitudes, and behaviors are called

200,000

The average person is exposed to commercials a year

environment has a significant influence on behavior, regardless of gene complement

The case study of Jack and Oskar provides support for which of the following explanations of behavior

transitional adulthood

The period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood is called

gender socialization

The smiths are going Christmas shopping for their two children, Dick and Jane. They plan to buy dick a Tonka truck and Jane a barbie doll. Their selection of toys for their children is an example of

psychoanalysis

The technique created by Sigmund Freud for the treatment of emotional problems through long-term, intensive exploration of the subconscious mind is referred to as

The self-concept begins at birth and continues as a life-long process until death

What are the starting and stopping points of the development of the self during the life course

socialization

What concept do sociologists refer to when they say that "society makes us human"

Mothers unconsciously rewarded their daughters for being dependent.

What conclusion did psychologists Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis make after observing the interactions of mothers and their children

the life course

What term applies to the stages that people pass through from birth to death, beginning with "childhood" and concluding with "the older years"

feral

What term is used to describe children who are assumed to have been raised by animals in the wilderness and isolated from other children

as the number of hours in a day care increased, the bond was weaker between mother child

What was the result of research on mother-children bonding based on hours per week children spent in a day care

resocialization

When young people enter college as resident students, they must learn new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. This is an example of

break society's norms

according to Sigmund Freud, when the id gets out of hand, individuals follow their desires for pleasure and

Charles Horton Cooley

the process by which we develop a sense of self, referred to as the "looking-glass self," was developed by