SOCIOLOGY Chapter 5: (Separate and Together: Life in Groups)

True or False? Although relationships in a dyad are usually intense, dyads are fundamentally unstable, because if one person wants out of the group, it's over.

True

True or False? Durkheim stated that group membership only anchors us to the social world and it keeps us from alive and from being in a state of anomie.

True

True or False? Mark Granovetter's findings are that people tend to form homogeneous social networks--to have direct ties to those who are like themselves, whether through race, class background, national origin, or religion.

True

True or False? The smaller a group is, the MORE likely it is to be based on personal ties; the larger the group is the MORE likely ut is to be based on rules and regulations

True

collections of people who share a physical location but do not have lasting social relations

aggregates

people who share one or more attributes but who lack a sense of common identity or belonging

category

Joseph Conti concluded that America's _________________, a network analysis term that means an actor with the most ties in a given network, is what gives it powerful influence and not the actual outcomes of the disputes within an international organization

centrality

We no longer practice the type of ________________________ that builds democratic community and keeps anomie at bay

civic engagement

the mildest kind of conformity, means going along with something because you expect to gain rewards or avoid punishment - when people do this they don't change their beliefs or ideas

compliance

Social psychologists have determined that social influence produces three kinds of conformity: ___________________, __________________, or _________________.

compliance; identification; internalization

All social networks have a _________________, and second, there is contagion, which refers to what flows through social ties. -While we may have complete control over whom we are connected to directly, we exert little control over our indirect connections. - ________________ not only influences an individual's health but can spread everything from obesity to smoking and substance abuse

connections; contagion

People we might not think of as mattering much to our sense of happiness or well-being but who nonetheless play an important role in our otherwise fragmented postmodern lives. - These people are not total strangers but are acquaintances

consequential strangers

a temporary gathering of people in a public place; member might interact but do not identify with each other and will not remain in contact

crowd

A _____________, the smallest possible social group, consists of only two members--a romantic couple, two best friends, or two siblings.

dyad

A collection of people who share some attribute, identify with one another, and interact with each other (have ongoing social relations)

group

the sense of solidarity or loyalty that individuals feel toward a group to which they belong - the force that binds members together

group cohesion

the patterns of interaction between groups and individuals; how groups form, change, disintegrate, achieve great goals, or commit horrendous wrongdoings

group dynamics

highly cohesive groups may demand absolute conformity and punish those who threaten to undermine the consensus

groupthink

A __________ is slightly more stable because the addition of a third person means that conflict between two members can be refereed by the third.

triad

social groups whose interactions are mediated through information technologies particularly the internet

virtual communities

a somewhat stronger kind of conformity, is induced by a person's desire to establish or maintain a relationship with a person or group

identification

a group that one identifies with and feels loyalty towards

in-group

the strongest kind of conformity and most long-lasting, occurs when an individual adopts the beliefs of a leader or group as their own

internalization

a group toward which an individual feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility

out-group

Humans follow ______________, doing the things we're supposed to do, as well as ___________, avoiding the things we're not supposed to do

prescriptions; proscriptions

Charles Horton Cooley introduced the term ____________________. To him this group represent the most important "looking glasses" in the formation of our social selves, in which they constitute our "significant others."

primary

Groups in which we are intimately associated with the other members, such as families and close friends, are known as __________________________. - This group typically involves more face-to=face interaction, greater cooperation, and deeper feelings of belonging.

primary group

a group that provides a standards by which a person evaluates their own personal attributes

reference group

This principle suggests that everyone in the world is connected to everyone else within six steps

six degrees of separation

this is also called peer pressure or the exertion of control over others' decisions in a group

social influence

The web of direct and indirect ties connecting an individual to other people who may also affect the individual

social network

connections between individuals that can be direct or indirect

social ties