sociology chapters 3-4

Which theorist argued that if people define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences? a. W. I. Thomas b. George Herbert Mead c. Erving Goffman d. Charles Cooley

A

What did sociologist Charles Cooley argue was taking place in people's minds when he developed the concept of the looking-glass self? a. looking in a mirror to understand ourselves b. imagining the best way that another person can look c. seeing ourselves reflected back from others d. considering how we reflect the larger social sphere

C

What do sociologists call it when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar? a. Cultural imperialism b. Social control c. Cultural leveling d. Cultural diffusion

C

Why does the family have such a powerful impact as an agent of socialization? a. Respect for parents is one of the key values of modern society. b. No matter what stage of life we are in, the family plays an important role in our everyday lives. c. The family is where we begin the socialization process before there are any other competing influences. d. Family values are strong today in the United States.

C

Which of the following statements about the process of socialization is true? a. The process is reciprocal: society shapes the individual and the individual shapes society. b. It stays consistent in most social settings. c. It eventually stops, generally around adulthood. d. It stays consistent over time.

A

A famous monologue from Shakespeare's As You Like It begins:All the world's a stage,And all the men and women merely players;They have their exits and their entrances,And one man in his time plays many partsWhich theory of social life could be seen as taking its inspiration from these lines? a. Dramaturgy b. Agents of socialization c. The social construction of emotions d. The psychosexual stages of development

A

A high school football coach is worried about how he should handle his roster. On the one hand, it's his job to try to win as many games as possible, which means playing the best players; on the other hand, his contract also requires him to try to allow every member of the team to meaningfully participate. The tension he feels is the result of: a. Role strain b. Role conflict c. Emotion work d. The definition of the situation

A

How is a subculture different from a counterculture? a. Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but a counterculture actively opposes important aspects of the mainstream. b. Subcultures are not culturally distinct from the mainstream; they just occupy a particular geographic area. c. Members of a subculture actively protest and fight to change society, whereas members of a counterculture drop out of society. d. Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but only members of a subculture actively oppose important aspects of mainstream culture.

A

In the dramaturgical perspective, what do we call the region in which we deliver our public performances? a. frontstage b. backstage c. personal front d. public front

A

Sociologists use which of the following terms to describe a group whose values and norms oppose the dominant culture? a. Counterculture b. Subordinate culture c. Subculture d. Out culture

A

The ability to understand another culture in terms of that culture's own norms and values, without reference to any other culture's standards, is called: a. Cultural relativism b. Variability c. Ethnocentrism d. Cultural lag

A

What is the definition of "culture"? a. Culture is the entire way of life of a group of people, and it acts as a lens through which we view the world. b. Culture is the principle of evaluating another group or individual as abnormal or inferior. c. Culture is limited to rules or guidelines about what kind of behavior is acceptable and appropriate within a particular situation. d. Culture is reactions to ways people follow or disobey norms in society.

A

What is the sociological term for signs people make with their bodies? a. Gestures b. Sanctions c. Values d. Language

A

Which of the following is an example of a total institution? a. A prison b. A workplace c. A family d. A college

A

Erving Goffman theorized social life as a kind of con game in which we work to control the impressions others have of us. What did Goffman call this process? a. Definition of the situation b. Impression management c. Cooling the mark out d. Expressions of behavior

B

How does a person come to possess an achieved status? a. An achieved status is unalterable, so it is always present. b. An achieved status is earned. c. An achieved status is inherited from our parents. d. An achieved status is located in the physical body.

B

The term " socialization" refers to: a. the process by which individuals come to know one another. b. the lifelong process by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture. c. the interaction between different societies' cultures. d. the fact that human nature is essentially self-centered and must be unlearned.

B

When Charles and Kim visit Great Britain, Charles quickly decides to NOT drive the rental car because he perceives the drivers as strange and weird and he wants nothing to do with them. Kim, on the other hand, is excited about driving the car. She looks forward to learning how to do things differently than in the United States. In this example, Charles is experiencing _____ while Kim is experiencing _____. a. multiculturalism; ethnocentrism b. ethnocentrism; cultural relativism c. ethnocentrism; multiculturalism

B

While on vacation far from home, Candice wants to go to a restaurant where the locals go, wanting something different than what she can get back home. However, while looking for a place to eat, all she sees are the same chain restaurants she has near her home. This is an example of a. ideal culture. b. cultural leveling. c. cultural diffusion. d. culture wars

B

A female police officer who struggles with commanding respect from male colleagues while also presenting herself in traditionally feminine ways may be experiencing: a. Bigotry b. Stereotyping c. Role strain d. Role conflict

D

How is culture transmitted and internalized? a. It is human nature to accept one's own culture as superior. b. Values and beliefs are only taught in school. c. We are born with these values and beliefs. d. We learn values and beliefs slowly and incrementally.

D

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that: a. we relate to each other on a symbolic rather than a literal level. b. in social interaction, nonverbal communication is as powerful as language. c. although we have different labels for things, all humans share the same sense of social perception. d. language can structure our perception of reality.

D

Wearing your seatbelt is common, and today it is usually a legal requirement. In the 1950s, however, it was not common nor expected. This example demonstrates that what aspect of culture can change over time? a. mores b. values c. sanctions d. norms

D

Which term describes a policy of honoring diverse racial, ethnic, religious, linguistic, and national backgrounds? a. Cultural relativism b. High culture c. Cultural imperialism d. Multiculturalism

D