Sociology Exam #1 (CENTELLAS__OLEMISS)
d
According to Karl Popper, science (unlike pseudoscience) is based on ____. Answers: A. careful, objective studies of facts B. carefully looking for data that will support your theory or hypothesis C. the use of careful laboratory experiments D. falsification, testing hypotheses in ways that allow them to be refuted
b
Marx emphasized different elements of production (the economy). The "FORCES of production" include ____. Answers: A. how people organize themselves around labor B. the technical, scientific, and material parts of the economy C. the specific materials needed to produce goods D. the particular ideas and beliefs about how businesses should work
c
Marx emphasized different elements of production (the economy). The "RELATIONS of production" include ____. Answers: A. the specific materials needed to produce goods B. the particular ideas and beliefs about how businesses should work C. how people organize themselves around labor D. the technical, scientific, and material parts of the economy
false
Max Weber was optimistic about the future and saw rationalization and bureaucratization as a solution to all our social problems. Answers: True False
d
People who describe themselves as "feminists" ____. Answers: A. hate men and want to put women on top of the social hieararchy B. believe men are inherently violent and abusive C. believe women should stop getting married or having children D. support social equality among genders
d
Questions that look at society at the "micro" level include questions like: Answers: A. What factors explain the underemployment crisis? B. What caused the transition from feudalism to capitalism? C. How does race impact educational achievement? D. Do doctors talk to patients of different races differently?
c
Race-conflict theory tends to assume that ____. Answers: A. conflict between people of different races is inevitable B. managing racial conflict in society is an important function of government C. social and economic inequalities between different races is a defining feature of a society D. people are naturally prejudiced and governments tend to reflect this racial bias
a
Unlike Karl Marx, Max Weber argued that the transition from traditional to modern society was ____. Answers: A. changes in the way we think about the world B. the rise of the modern German state C. changes in the mode of production D. changes in the environment that altered our social behavior
b
W.E.B. Dubois helped redefine how sociologists study race. Today, sociologists define race as ____. Answers: A. a category of people defined by cultural practices, not biological traits B. a socially constructed category of people, who share biological traits that society has deemed important C. a socially constructed category of people, regardless of any biological traits D. a category of people defined by clear biological markers
a
A hypothesis is ____. Answers: A. a statement of a possible relationship between two variables B. an educated hunch about your expected results C. an "operational" definition of key concepts D. a statement that proves a relationship between two variables
d
A key concept in sociology is social location, defined as ____. Answers: A. the region that defines an individual's culture B. the level of popularity an individual has within his or her social networks C. the place where particular forms of social behavior take place D. the position an individual has in the social hierarchy
c
A key dilemma for Marxist theory is how the bourgesoisie (the capitalist class) manages to stay in power, since Marx argues that the workers (who are the majority) should rise up against the capitalists (who are a minority). The Italian theorist Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of "hegemony" to suggest that ____. Answers: A. rising wages and other benefits have successfully addressed workers' needs B. the proletariat aspire to someday work their way up to become capitalists C. capitalism is supported by a dominant, all-pervasive cultural set of ideas that legitimizes the capitalist system D. the middle class is really the dominant political force in society
a
A key principle of research ethics on human subjects is that participation must be voluntary. This means that ____. Answers: A. participants must be able to freely chose to participate in a study, without coercion of any kind, and can withdraw from the study whenever they wish B. participants cannot be paid or rewarded in any way for participating in a study C. participants must be able to freely chose to participate in a study, without coercion of any kind, but must commit to remaining in the study until its completion D. participants cannot be recruited or invited to participate in a study
c
A researcher who is studying issues within a local school district realizes that these problems are occurring in school districts across the United States. This researcher is connecting ____ to ____ social phenomena. Answers: A. local; global B. agency; structure C. micro; macro D. private; public
c
A sociologist using economic statistics to try to understand and explain the income distribution in America is doing ____. Answers: A. critical sociology B. mathematical sociology C. positive sociology D. interpretive sociology
true
A statement that is said to be irrefutable or that cannot be tested is NOT a scientific theory. Answers: True False
b
According to Durkheim, crime ____. Answers: A. cannot be understood sociologically, since it has to do with criminal psychology B. is not a social dysfunction, since every society has some amount of crime C. is an important social problem that needs to be addressed D. is a social dysfunction, since it disrupts the normal social order
d
According to Karl Popper, good science relies on the principle of falsification. This means that ____. Answers: A. scientific theories organize facts in ways that confirm previous beliefs B. scientific theories are only useful if they have not been disproven C. scientific theories must be stated in such a way that they cannot be disproven D. scientific theories must be stated in such a way that make explicit what facts would disprove them
b
According to Karl Popper, the important distinction between Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud was ____. Answers: A. that Einstein was using historical data to predict the present B. that Einstein was looking ahead to make predictions about future events C. that Freud was able to observe individuals, while Einstein could only guess about the universe D. that Einstein used mathematical reasoning, which is more scientific
a
According to Marx, an underlying criticism of capitalism as a mode of production is that ____. Answers: A. the wages paid to workers is always lower than the value of the goods and services they produce B. the profits earned by business owners is too high C. the wages paid to workers is too high, leading to massive unemployment D. the wages paid to workers is never enough to make ends meet
d
According to Marx, humans need society in order to survive and prosper in the natural world. But society tends to be organized in ways that ____. Answers: A. reduce economic inequalities B. produce religious hierarchy C. reproduce previous social structures D. produce economic inequalities
b
According to Marx, what is the underlying foundation of any society? Answers: A. Religion B. The economy C. Politics D. Family
d
According to Max Weber, rationalization involved ____. Answers: A. calculability, methodical behavior, and sticking to the plan B. education, hard work, and positive attitude C. acting according to socially accepted principles of behavior D. calculability, methodical behavior, and reflexivity
c
According to Max Weber, the Protestant Reformation changed people's beliefs about their relationship to God and salvation. How did one demonstrate "proof of election" (salvation) in the modern world? Answers: A. By giving up all material possessions and desires B. By living a moral and upright life C. Through material success by accumulating as much wealth as possible D. By giving generously to the poor and needy in your community
d
According to Max Weber, the most important event for modernization and the rise of capitalism was ____. Answers: A. the French Revolution B. the invention of banking and currency C. the Industrial Revolution D. the Protestant Reformation
c
According to Max Weber, the three components of social stratification are ____. Answers: A. power, elite, and mobility B. status, symbolism, and ascription C. class, power, and status D. lower, middle, and upper class
c
According to Max Weber, there are three different types of authority, which vary by ____. Answers: A. how many people are subject to the authority B. what type of domination they represent C. what makes the authority legitimate D. how peaceful or violent they are
false
According to his criteria, Karl Popper would call sociology a pseudoscience. Answers: True False
d
According to the concept of ____ we can't understand the plight of a black woman based on race alone; we must focus also on other factors, such as gender, age, and occupation. Answers: A. double consciousness B. structural-functionalism C. convergence D. intersectionality
a,d
Although the different social sciences have different areas of focus, they all have in common that ____. (You may select more than one answer.) A. they study society and human beings B. they rely on speculation about the meaning of life C. they are imprecise and mainly opinion-based D. they use facts and systematic observation
c
An example of participant observation would be ____. Answers: A. John, a researcher, who watches preschool students who are not aware he is there B. Sue, a researcher, who observes medical students working on a patient C. Mary, a researcher, who visits a first-grade classroom to conduct a study on teacher-student interactions and plays an active role in the study D. Bill, a researcher, who sits on a park bench and observes behavior without people's knowledge
b
An important first step in developing a research question is ____. Answers: A. to pick a topic that deals with an important social issue B. to clearly define the major concepts C. to clearly explain why you are qualified to do research on this topic D. to pick a topic that is interesting to your reader
c
An important milestone in the development of ethical human research guidelines was the Nuremberg Code. This was developed in response to ____. Answers: A. the use of torture and other "enhanced interrogation" techniques during World War II B. evolving social norms among European scientists during the formation of the European Union C. the use of human experiments in concentration camps by the Nazis D. the use of human experiments during the early days of the Cold War
c
An underlying assumption in conflict theory is that ____. Answers: A. conflict is good for society, since it encourages innovation and progress B. society is composed of different religious or ethnic groups who engage in cultural conflict with each other C. society is composed of different groups who struggle for scarce resources D. society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and social order
b
Based on his study of African-Americans in Philadelphia, Dubois concluded that the problems facing African-Americans were caused by ____. Answers: A. cultural practices that discouraged hard work and studying B. restricted access to education and higher paying jobs C. legal racism and occupational segregation D. the natural racial inferiority of black relative to whites
c
Because of the development of research ethics in the last few decades, ____. Answers: A. we are only able to use human subjects in research if the benefits to society outweigh any harm to individuals B. we are only able to use human subjects in research if participants volunteer to participate C. we can still use human subjects in scientific research, but only if we follow ethical guidelines D. we are no longer able to use human subjects in scientific research
a
Christmas is a "social fact" in the US because ____. Answers: A. it shapes our behavior, such as gift-buying, even if we aren't particularly religious ourselves or don't want to participate in gift exchanges B. most Americans are Christians, so this is a "fact" of our society C. it's an important cultural event and determines end-of-year holidays D. it underscores the importance of religion in American culture
d
Defining a variable and explaining how it is measured is known as ____. Answers: A. conceptualization B. falsification C. logic D. operationalization
true
Different cultures and societies (across time and/or space) have had their own ideas about and social norms for what constitutes "science." True False
a
Durkheim analyzed the social changes transforming society in his lifetime in terms of ____. Answers: A. the division of labor B. social physics C. the materialist conception of history D. the rationalization of social and economic life
c
Durkheim defined "social facts" as ____. Answers: A. underlying facts of life that no one can ignore, such as death and taxes B. the established legal institutions that define political and economic life C. broad patterns of behavior that are external to the individual, but shape every individual's behavior D. things known to be "true" through empirical observation
a
Durkheim is a founding figure of what sociological paradigm? Answers: A. Structural-functionalism B. Critical sociology C. Symbolic interactionism D. Conflict theory
d
Durkheim saw society as a(n) ____. Answers: A. shaped by economic conflict B. held together by state power C. held together by common culture, especially religion D. an organism, with parts that served different functions
a
Durkheim was concerned with macro-level phenomena, such as the educational system, which he referred to as ____. Answers: A. social facts B. anomic facts C. collective conscience D. superstructures
false
Empirical science is the only legitimate way to establish what is "true" about the important questions of life. Answers: True False
d
For sociologists, sex and gender have distinct meanings. Sex is ____, while gender is ____. Answers: A. the physical act of procreation; personality traits and social roles that are socially defined B. personality traits and social roles that are socially defined; biological distinctions between male and female C. biological distinctions between male and female; how well individuals match up to the expectations of their sex D. biological distinctions between male and female; personality traits and social roles that are socially defined
c
Gender conflict theory ____. Answers: A. argues that women should embrace their "natural" feminine roles, such as childrearing B. argues that women are morally superior to men C. applies the general concepts of conflict theory to gender relations D. focuses on domestic violence and other types of violence against women
b
How is sociology different from commonsense understandings of the social world? Answers: A. Sociology requires sampling large portions of the population. B. Sociology is systematic and rigorous; common sense is not. C. Sociology is intentional and common sense is not. D. Sociology only focuses on questions of scientific relevance.
b
If I say that I observe a correlation between two variables, I mean that ____. Answers: A. one variable is identical to another variable B. the two variables move together C. both variables are equally valid and reliable D. one variable causes changes in another variable
a
If a sociologist is doing research based on face-to-face interviews trying to understanding how people understand their lived experiences, he/she is doing ____. Answers: A. interpretive sociology B. normative sociology C. critical sociology D. positive sociology
c
If you were going to use scientific methods to determine whether Santa Claus is real, you should ____. Answers: A. seek to find evidence that he does exist B. randomly survey 1,200 people to see what the general consensus is C. seek to find evidence that he does not exist D. do research at the library to discover what highly respected sociologists have written about the subject
a,b
Imagine that you wanted to study a classroom for a study of best teaching practices. Which of the following are required by ethical guidelines? (You may pick more than one answer.) Answers: A. Parents or guardians must offer consent on the behalf of minor children B. Researchers must provide age-appropriate explanations about the study to the children C. Children must offer consent for the study to proceed D. Research on underage minors is explicitly prohibited by ethical guidelines
a
In 1896, Dubois began the first major study of the African-American community in the US. His study of the economically-mixed 7th ward of Philadelphia found that ____. Answers: A. the African-American population tended to be younger, less well educated, and poorer than the white population B. the African-American population had similar access to education and health care as the white population C. the African-American population was similar to the white population D. the African-American population was heavily concentrated in industrial or factory jobs
b
In the Tuskegee experiment, African-American men with syphilis were studied over several decades. They were told they were being treated for the disease, but they were not, even after the use of penicillin to treat and cure syphilis was widespread practice. What major ethical principle did the study violate? Answers: A. Participation must be voluntary B. Informed consent C. The "do no harm" principle D. Transparency
a
Joe, a sociologist, believes that (on average) as an individual's educational attainment rises, so does his or her income. This is an example of a ____. Answers: A. hypothesis B. concept C. fact D. theory
a
Karl Marx believed that, over time, the situation of capitalism would ____. Answers: A. get worse as inequality and periodic economic crises would lead to overthrowing the system, just as capitalism had replaced feudalism B. get worse until technology could replace workers, freeing them for other pursuits C. improve slightly so long as workers unionized D. improve greatly for the workers until society reached full equality
c
Karl Marx defined social classes by ____. Answers: A. their social or cultural status B. their place in a hereditary caste system C. their place within the relations of production D. how much money or property they had
d
Like Karl Marx, Max Weber thought society was stratified. But in addition to economic class, Weber also emphasized ____. Answers: A. gender and sexual orientation B. racial/ethnic groups C. religious groups D. status groups defined by "social honor"
b
One of Dubois' key ideas is the concept of "double consciousness," defined as ____. Answers: A. the process through which social, political, and economic forces influence how society defines racial categories B. the reality that black Americans have two competing identities: as an American an as a black person living in white-centric America (as an "other") C. the conflict between the myth of American equality and the reality of American racial inequality D. the disparities, inequalities, and conflicts between white and black Americans
d
Scientific thinking requires that if you discover evidence that contradicts a previously held belief or assumption, then you ____. Answers: A. reject the new information immediately, especially if you think it comes from "biased" sources B. accept that people may have alternative facts and "agree to disagree" C. should cling to your beliefs and seek additional data that disproves the new data D. should be willing to revise your beliefs
d
Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argued that structural racism is more important than individual racism ("racism without racists") because while people are less likely to (openly) say racist things, ____. Answers: A. people continue to be racists in secret B. some private institutions continue to openly discriminate against African-Americans and other minorities C. many African-Americans and other minorities have simply given up on the American dream D. many existing institutions continue to disadvantage African-Americans and other minorities, often as a result of historical legacies
c
Sociologists define "society" as ____. Answers: A. a group of people who share a language and religion B. the upper class or elites C. a group of people who share a culture and territory D. a group of people who regularly interact together
d
Sociologists use the concept of "intersectionality" to understand how ____. Answers: A. ideas of gender and sex interact to produce patriarchy B. racial, gender, and socioeconomic class inequalities interact in ways that can offset each other C. men and women continue to argue about the proper role of women in society D. racial, gender, and socioeconomic class inequalities interact and can reinforce each other
c
Sociologists who use the ___ theoretical framework would focus on how the different districts are necessary and essential components of Panem's society in The Hunger Games. Answers: A. symbolic interactionism B. institutionalism C. structural-functionalism D. conflict theory
d
Sociology emerged in the late 1800s as Europe and the US were going through rapid social changes brought on by ____. Answers: A. the rise of America as a global power B. the French Revolution C. the decline of religion D. modernization
a
Sociology is defined as the study of ____. Answers: A. society and human behavior B. the way people influence one another C. organizations and social structures D. the way people are influenced by groups
b
Sociology was founded in the late 1800s and early 1900s, when the study of ____ became a special focus of attention. Answers: A. the decline of religion B. the Industrial Revolution C. the United States D. the nuclear family
d
Survey research relies on samples, which are ____. Answers: A. a smaller group that was willing to respond to the survey B. a smaller group of like-minded individuals C. a smaller group that is at least 10% of the population D. a smaller group that is representative of the larger population
c
The "first wave" of feminism (late 1800s and early 1900s) focused on ____. Answers: A. the role of women as mothers as a cornerstone of the social fabric B. the role of women in the labor force, equal pay, reproductive rights, sexual violence, educational equality C. granting women the right to vote and legal equality, such as the right to own property or become lawyers D. broadening the definition of feminism to include class, race, sexuality, and other forms of discrimination
b
The "second wave" of feminism (1960s and 1970s) focused on ____. Answers: A. granting women the right to vote and legal equality, such as the right to own property or become lawyers B. the role of women in the labor force, equal pay, reproductive rights, sexual violence, educational equality C. broadening the definition of feminism to include class, race, sexuality, and other forms of discrimination D. the role of women as mothers as a cornerstone of the social fabric
d
The Hawthorne effect illustrates what limitation of positive sociology? Answers: A. Sociologists can't observe everything and end up missing important information. B. It's very difficult for sociologists to set aside their biases. C. It's very difficult to recruit subjects for sociological studies. D. People may change their behavior if they know they're being observed.
b
The Latin slogan nullius in verba means ____. Answers: A. that empirical observation and/or experimentation is the only valid way to know something to be true B. that we shouldn't believe someone just because they say it's true, but should test each new claim or hypothesis ourselves C. that we should remain skeptical of any scientific fact or established truth because it may be biased in some way D. that we should trust the word of reputable scientific researchers, particularly those with good scholarly credentials
d
The ability to see how individuals and their behaviors make up part of a larger social pattern is ____. Answers: A. social constructivism B. public sociology C. common sense D. sociological imagination
c,d
The chief methods that define "science" as a way of creating knowledge include(s) ____. (You may select more than one answer.) Answers: A. classroom learning B. library research C. experimentation D. observation
b
The collection of all beliefs, morals, and ideas that are the "social facts" in a given society is known as ____. Answers: A. common sense B. collective consciousness C. social dysfunction D. collective understanding
a
The concept of the reproducible experiment means that ____. Answers: A. anyone should be able to reproduce the same research findings if using the same methods B. a research experiment's findings are valid if they follow correct scientific procedures C. anyone should be able to reproduce the same research findings, even if using different methods D. scientific experiments are very difficult to reproduce, because there are always so many variables to consider
a,b
The ethical principle of "informed consent" means that ____. (You may select more than one answer.) Answers: A. the information about a study must be presented in a way that the potential subject can understand B. subjects must receive all the facts relevant to their decision to participate in a study C. subjects must know about who the other participants in a study are and what their roles will be D. subjects must receive all the information about what researchers hope to discover or plan to do with their findings
b
The main emphasis of Karl Marx was to understand how social change was driven by ____. Answers: A. changes in the environment, such as climate change B. changes in material conditions, such as the economy C. advancements in medicine and education D. changes in religious beliefs and practices, such as the Protestant Reformation
d
The main focus of sociology is ____. Answers: A. to study and explain what motivates individual behavior B. to study the way people are influenced by groups or organizations C. to study the social organizations people create D. to study how people affect and are affected by social structures and social processes
a
The major cause of suicide, according to Durkheim, was ____. Answers: A. lack of social integration due to rapid modernization B. highly personal choices made by individuals, with no clear social pattern C. rise in alcoholism due to rapid urbanization D. psychological problems affecting individuals
c
The measures of a variable are RELIABLE if ____. Answers: A. the measures support the hypothesis B. they reflect the underlying concept you're trying to measure C. they give consistent measures, regardless of who is collecting the data D. the measures strengthen the observed correlation
c
The measures of a variable are VALID if ____. Answers: A. the measures strengthen the observed correlation B. they give consistent measures, regardless of who is collecting the data C. they reflect the underlying concept you're trying to measure D. the measures support the hypothesis
b
The philosophy known as "positivism" assumes that ____. Answers: A. the social world must be studied with a positive, optimistic attitude that emphasizes how things can be made better B. the social world can be studied through direct observation to develop theories about how the world works C. the social world should be studied at a distance, in order to maintain objectivity D. the social world can be studied through direct observation, with the goal of understanding what proper morals or values should be
b
The principle of "beneficence" dictates that ____. Answers: A. participant must directly benefit in some way from participation in a study B. the potential risks of participating in a study should be outweighed by benefits to participant and society C. participation must impose minimal risk to participants D. the researchers must respect the dignity and autonomy of participants
false
The roles and expectations of different genders are fairly consistent across different cultures and across time. Answers: True False
a
The social science that focuses on how the physical environment and available resources influences society is ____. A. geography B. anthropology C. sociology D. psychology E. political science
b
The social science that focuses on questions of ancestry, history of society, and how labor is related to culture is ____. A. geography B. anthropology C. psychology D. sociology E. political science
c
The social science that focuses on questions of forms of identity (race, gender, etc.) and the influence of other people (community, society, etc.) on individual behavior is ____. A. anthropology B. political science C. sociology D. geography E. psychology
b
The social science that focuses on questions of leadership, social institutions, and how power is exercised in a society is ____. A. sociology B. political science C. psychology D. geography E. anthropology
d
The social science that focuses on the the mind, and an individual's internal thoughts and motivations for action is ____. A. political science B. sociology C. anthropology D. psychology E. geography
b
The theoretical paradigm most closely associated with the macro scale is ____. Answers: A. feminism B. structural-functionalism C. conflict theory D. symbolic interactionism
b
The theoretical paradigm that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and social order is ____. Answers: A. conflict theory B. structural-functionalism C. feminism D. symbolic interactionism
b
The theoretical paradigm that sees society as a product of everyday interactions that create society's "shared reality" is ____. Answers: A. conflict theory B. symbolic interactionism C. structural-functionalism D. feminism
d
The type of analysis that starts with empirical observations, finds patterns, and develops theories to explain those patterns is based on ____. Answers: A. deductive logical thought B. experimental analysis C. positivist philosophy D. inductive logical thought
b
The type of authority that is most often associated with bureaucracy is ____. Answers: A. organizational B. rational-legal C. charismatic D. traditional
b
The type of sociological inquiry that focuses on the meanings that people attach to their social world is ____. Answers: A. critical sociology B. interpretive sociology C. empirical sociology D. positive sociology
a
The type of sociological inquiry that focuses on the need for social change ____. Answers: A. critical sociology B. interpretive sociology C. positive sociology D. empirical sociology
b
Theoretical paradigms are ____. Answers: A. a statement about the possible relationship between two variables B. fundamental assumptions sociologists have about the social world that guide their thinking and research C. hunches sociologists have based on the established common sense D. the major theories developed by classic sociologists
a
Today, most universities and other research institutions operate under an ____ that ensures human subjects research complies with ethical guidelines for data collection. Answers: A. institutional review board B. ethical review board C. Nuremburg code compliance office D. institutional ethics review committee
a
What do ethnic minorities, religious minorities, and LGBTQ people have in common? A. They stand outside the center of power in our society and are marginalized. B. They are the main focus of attention for sociologists. C. They are cultural minorities and therefore are less important for the study of society. D. They have a privileged position within our popular culture.
c
What make the "social sciences" different from the "natural sciences" (chemistry, biology, physics) is that ____. A. the "natural" sciences reflect a secular, scientific worldview, while the "social" sciences are more humanistic and philosophical B. the "natural" sciences don't study living organisms C. the social sciences study human society D. the "natural" sciences are more rigorous and "scientific"
d
When Max Weber argued that a modern bureaucracy is defined by being "impersonal," he meant that ____. Answers: A. bureaucrats are trained to be friendly and courteous to everyone B. bureaucrats routinely prioritize helping important people C. bureaucrats are rude and treat customers with contempt D. bureaucrats follow the established rules impartially, regardless of your individual personal characteristics
a
When an individual is confused and/or unsure of the social norms to follow, they fit with Durkheim's definition of experiencing ____. Answers: A. anomie B. exploitation C. rationalization D. disorientation
a
When people negatively judge people who use non-standard English accents, they are demonstrating what kind of power inequality? Answers: A. Cultural B. Political C. Economic D. Educational
c
When we say that "science" is both a historical and social concept, we mean that ____. Answers: a. different cultures and societies have all arrived at a similar understandings about how to "do" science b. contemporary ideas and norms about what constitutes "scientific" knowledge are consistent independent of time or place c. contemporary ideas and norms about what constitutes "scientific" knowledge are new and a largely a product of modernity d. scientific discoveries are always judged by their social value and/or their impact on history
a,b,c
Which of the following figure(s) is associated with conflict theory? (You may select more than one answer) Answers: A. W.E.B. Du Bois B. Harriet Martineau C. Karl Marx D. Émile Durkheim E. Max Weber
d
Which of the following is NOT a part of the scientific method? Answers: A. Come up with a testable hypothesis B. Develop a question C. Gather empirical evidence in a systematic way D. Seek to confirm previously held beliefs or "prove" a particular conclusion
d
Which of the following is NOT one of the five "big questions" that science seeks to answer? A. What is life? B. Where are we? C. How can we agree on what we know? D. Why are we here?
b
___ sees Panem (the fictional society in The Hunger Games) as held together by coercion, as The Capitol exploits the districts for their resources, but keeps most of the economic benefits for itself. Answers: a. Structural-functionalism b. Conflict theory c. Symbolic interactionism d. Feminism
b
____ are sets of interrelated ideas that have a wide range of applications, deal with centrally important issues, and have stood the test of time. Answers: A. Hypotheses B. Theories C. Causes D. Social laws
d
____ involves the ability to look at the social world from different perspectives. Answers: A. Social constructivism B. Public sociology C. Mediated interactionism D. Sociological imagination
b
____ refers to the "two-ness" that arises from being American and black, a sense which affects many African-Americans, according to W.E.B. Du Bois. Answers: A. Double awareness B. Double consciousness C. The color line D. Dual conscience
c
n sociology, Marx is a founder of the conflict theory perspective because he saw society as defined by ____. Answers: A. ideological struggle between those who defend property rights and those who want to abolish property altogether B. conflict between those who advocate for new technologies and those who resist technological change C. conflict between those who benefited from the relations of production (the rich) and those who were exploited (the poor) D. conflict between those who argued ideologically over how to better organize the economy