Sociology Exam 3
Lawrence wants to work full time and pay his families bills while his wife stays home to care for their children. He wants to be the man of the house. This is an example of ________.
Doing Gender
______ is a lowering of one's social class.
Downward mobility
Global Stratification is defined as:
A comparison of the wealth, economic stability, status, and power of countries as a whole
Social Stratification is defined as:
A socioeconomic system that divides society's members into categories ranking from high to low, based on things like wealth, power and prestige.
A Native group with its own religion taking up Christianity and become a part of the Christian Group would be an example of what?
Amalgamation
After moving to America, an African woman began wearing clothes from Old Navy instead of traditional garments and fabrics. This is an example of _____.
Assimilation
Ali is an immigrant from Algeria. he came to the US and found it hard to hold onto his culture and his religion: Islam. Ali met a woman. She is Christian, Ali converted to Christianity to marry her. He no longer practices neither his culture nor Islam. this is an illustration of ______.
Assimilation
What type of nation tends to have lower maternal and child mortality rates, longer life spans and less absolute poverty?
core nations
lacking even the basic necessities, which typically include adequate food, clean water, safe housing, and access to healthcare
Chattel Slavery
__________ believes that bigger the role you take in society the more you should get paid and is associated with the ______ perspective
Davis Moore/Functionalist
_______ is the thesis that argues some social stratification is a social necessity
Davis-Moore Thesis
Maya has lived in India her whole life and agreed to be a brick worker in exchange for money. In the middle of her working, her mother became sick and Maya borrowed money from her boss in order to visit her. Mayua does not make enough money to pay him back and can not stop working for him due to her debt. this is an example of ______.
Debt bondage
Unlike Davis and Moore, Conflict theorists believe that because of social stratification some qualified people were ______ higher level job positions
Denied the opportunity to obtain
John is a man finishing his Bachelor Degree in Early Education. he is applying to take care of children in a daycare for the summer before starting a teaching job in a local elementary school. Despite his qualification, the day care denied his application because he is a man. This is an example of ______.
Discrimination
In a snow storm this year Rebecca's asked her husband to shovel the driveway, bring the garbage to the road, and fix the chair that was broken in the storm. When he asked for help, she answered no and said "its your job, you're the man". This is an example of
Gender Roles
Gary is put in different activities than his sister, Anna. Gary's parents got him to try out for the Football team while Anna must take dance classes. This is an example of _____.
Gender Socialization
High income countries which is approximately 25% of the nations in the world hold most of the world's wealth. Middle-income countries are the largest proportion of the world's nations- about 42% have an average income and standard of living. Low income countries are a third category which constitute people living with limited resources. These three types of income show _____ ______
Global Stratification
Dependency theory explains how:
Global inequality is primarily caused by core nations (or high-income nations) exploiting semi-peripheral and peripheral nations (or middle-income and low income nations) which creates a cycle of dependence.
Tommy is comparing the wealth, economic stability, status and power of the Untied States to Russia for his school project. This is an example of _______.
Global stratification
Eric has recently been married to his husband and is filling out a wedding survey. After confirming that he is male, the website immediately begins asking questions about his "bride" this is an example of _______
Heterosexism
______ is a difference in social class between different generations of a family.
Intergenerational mobility
Julia thinks that race, class, gender, sexual orientation cannot be separated if you want to understand someone's experience. This is an example of _____.
Intersection Theory
________ explains how low-income countries are affected by their lack of industrialization and can improve their global economic standing through an adjustment of cultural values and attitudes to work and industrialization and other forms of economic growth
Modernization theory
A _____ discusses the society's stability and functioning as a whole, such as a government of a town provides education for the children of families, which in turn pays taxes on which the state depends to keep itself running
Structural Functional perspective
Which paradigm is associated with Complementary Roles THeory?
Structural Functionalism
______ is a societal change that enables a whole group of people to move up or down the class ladder
Structured Mobility
Joe is a steelworker. His company can no longer compete with companies using cheaper steel and cheaper labor force. his company is closing the factories and joe is losing his job. This is an example of ________.
deindustrailization
Marquis is driving. Marquis is African American and isn't violating any traffic laws. The police pulls Marquis over under the suspicion that since Marquis is black he may have drugs on him. The officer's actions is an example of?
Racial profiling
______ is/are a type of prejudice used to justify the belief that one racial category is somehow superior or inferior to others.
Racism
Social stratification is a system that:
Ranks society members into categories
During the 1930s, the Nazi party blamed German economic hardship on jews. it is an example of ______.
Scapegoat theory
In the Post-Civil war era, Black people and White people were separated in almost all public places. There were different bathrooms and water fountains for each race. Schools for Black people were not as enriched as those for the White population. This is known as _______.
Segregation
China is an example of a country that has a lot of manufacturing goods. These countries tend to be industrialized and export a lot of useful goods across the country. This would be an example of _____.
Semi-peripheral nations
______ is the physical or physiological differences between males and females, including both primary sex characteristics (the reproductive system) and secondary characteristics such as height and muscularity.
Sex
When getting to know her college roommate, Haley asked her roommate Sarah if she was attracted to males or females. Haley was asking Sarah's ______.
Sexual Orientation
______ is the ability to change positions within a social stratification system
Social Mobility
Gender Role is defined as:
Society's concept of how men and women are expected to look and how they should behave
Jacob was explaining to Cassie that all tall African Americans are great at playing basketball, and that all Asians are great at math. Jacob is giving Cassie examples of what
Stereotypes
Conspicuous Consumption is defined as:
The act of buying and using products to make a statement about social standing
income is defined as:
The money a person earns from work or investments
The poverty line is calculated by taking a economic food budget for a family of a particular size, and multiplying it by 3.
True
True or false: The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 ended CHiense immigration.
True
First world countries are capitalistic democracies such as _____.
United States and Japan
Norine is a successful musician who earns millions, travels the world and has access to the best healthcare. She is part of the _____ class
Upper
A white lady returned an item with no questions asked. While person of color was asked to present proof of purchase. This is an example of ____.
White Privilege
The second shift refers to
Women working coming home after working full time and performing most of the unpaid household labor as well
Intragenerational Mobility is defined as:
a difference in social class between different members of the same generations
Which statement illustrates low status consistency?
a single mother receives food stamps and struggles to find adequate employment
The concept of meritocracy is an ideal because
a society has never existed where social rank was based purely on merit
Ethnicity is defined as:
a term that describes shared culture- the practices, values, and beliefs of a group
Which of the following scenarios is an example of intergenerational mobility?
an executive belongs to a different social class than her parents
Underground Economy is defined as:
an unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections
Minority Group is defined as:
any group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination
What is the term used among Native American tribes for a person who acts or dresses as the opposite gender?
berdache
Heather was telling her coworker, Jen, that her son has been acting up. She thinks it is from the stress of school. Her daughter however, is also stressed, but she keeps to herself. Jen said that just because they are feeling the same way, doesn't mean they'll behave the same. Jen told her that males and females behave differently due to differences in their biology. This is an example of _____.
biological determinism
Tatiana was born in a rural farm in India, she was born poor and had to work in a farm for the rest of her life. She won't be able to move up the social ladder because in her culture members of a specific group stay in this position for the rest of their life. This system is known as the ________.
caste system
The amount of resources a person has to spend on items like hobbies, vacations, and leisure activities is indicated by:
class traits
Aashi and Urvi are actresses. When auditioned for a Bollywood film, Aashi who has a lighter skin color, get the job due to her skin tone. This is an example of _____.
colorism
_____ is when someone believes one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group.
colorism
Africa received billions of dollars in loans from wealthy nations between the 1970s and 2002. Those loans compounded interest. Although Africa as effectively paid off the initial investments into its land, it still owes billions of dollars in interest. Africa, therefore, hags little or no resources to invest in itself, in its own economy or human development. its's unlikely that Africa will ever prosper unless that interest is forgiven by the more powerful nations that lent the initial money, er
dependency theory
If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is influenced by the _______.
dependency theory
______ is a term often substitute for a group that's in the majority.
dominant group
Traditional gender roles associate women with _________ roles and males with ___________ roles
expressive/instrumental
_____ is a subordinate group being forced, by a dominant group, to leave a certain area or country.
expulsion
a 12-year-old boy had never been to a doctor or attend school. He lacks the basic necessities which include adequate food, clean water and safe housing. This is an example of ___ ____.
extreme poverty
More and more women are falling below the poverty line. This is referred to as:
feminization of poverty
______ is/.are the behaviors, personal traits, and social positions that society attributes to being female or male.
gender
______ a person's deeply held internal perception of their gender
gender identity
You are a woman in the workplace and your boss just gave you an impossible deadline just to prove that you cannot deliver the work on time. Such deadlines or tasks are a way of discriminating against women. This is an example of ____ _____.
gender inequality
______ is a pattern that occurs when women bear a disproportionate percentage of the burden of poverty.
global feminization of poverty
_______ is when women are bearing a disproportionate percentage of the burden of poverty. This means more women live in poor conditions, receive inadequate healthcare, bear the brunt of malnutrition and inadequate drinking water.
global feminization of poverty
The standard of living is based of actors such as
income, employment, class, poverty rates, and housing affordability
__________ explanations of poverty focus on the choices people make that keep them poor, whereas _______ look at the institutions that make breaking out of poverty difficult
individual/structural
Transgender people are:
individuals who identify with the gender that is the different from their sex assigned at birth
Absolute poverty is defined as:
lacking even the basic necessities, which typically include adequate food, clean water, safe housing, and access to healthcare
One of the first questions we ask when we find out someone is having or adopting a baby is "boy or girl?" this is because we consider sex and gender a _______ a position that affects all other positions we hold
master status
_________ is an ideal system in which personal effort --or merit--determines social standing
meritocracy
______ is when stereotype is applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching significant educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without challenging the existing establishment.
model minority
Which theory suggests that low-income countries can improve their global economic standing by industrialization of infrastructure and shift in cultural attitudes toward work?
modernization theory
_______ has/have very little industrialization; what they do have often represents the outdated castoffs of core nations or the factories and means of production owned by core nations.
peripheral nations
The United States of America is known as a melting pot. Different cultures, ethnicities, races, and religious come together to form ________
pluralism
_______ refers to the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes someone holds about a group
prejudice
Sexism is defined as
prejudiced beliefs that value one sex over another
_____ refers to the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group
privilege
______ is when real estate agents direct prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race
racial steering
Bob lives in the United States in a 2 bedroom apartment with three kids. He is living paycheck to paycheck. His family cannot afford cable television. This is an example of _____,
relative poverty
When Kathy was elected for student council president, Jacob made a comment that she would do poorly in her new position because she's a woman and women don't know how to lead as well as men. This is an example of _____.
sexism
When a teacher needs help handing out textbooks, they ask a boy to help. When the teacher needs help cleaning the board, they ask a girl to help. This is an example of _____.
sexism
______ is the way in which socially created definitions about the cultural appropriateness of sex linked behavior shape the way people see and experience sexuality.
social construction of sexuality
The class system is defined as:
social standing based on social factors and individual accomplishments
Peter is a single dad working a full-time job. he can afford food, cloth, a place to stay. However, he cannot afford vacation to Disney World, a 3000 square feet house, and a big SUV. This is an example of _______.
subjective poverty
Biological determinism is defined as:
the belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology
Status consistency is defined as:
the consistency, or lack thereof, of an individual's rank across social categories like income, education and occupation
segregation is defined as
the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions
Institutional racism is defined as:
the way in which racism is embedded in the fabric of society
Liam wants to become a nurse. When he tells his dad about it, his idea is discouraged because Liam's dad thinks men should be doctors. Liam's dad is supporting
traditional gender roles
True or False: Before 1963, employers could legally pay women less than men for the same work
true
True or false: Women make <90 cents to every dollar that a man makes
true
Bob had a major surgery, once he was recovered he noticed he has some left over medication. Bob sell the medicine on the black market to get some money. This is an example of ________.
underground economy
______ is the value of money and assets a person has from, for example, inheritance.
wealth
