Sociology Exam 3

Lawrence wants to work full time and pay his families bills while his wife stays home to care for their children. He wants to be the man of the house. This is an example of ________.

Doing Gender

______ is a lowering of one's social class.

Downward mobility

Global Stratification is defined as:

A comparison of the wealth, economic stability, status, and power of countries as a whole

Social Stratification is defined as:

A socioeconomic system that divides society's members into categories ranking from high to low, based on things like wealth, power and prestige.

A Native group with its own religion taking up Christianity and become a part of the Christian Group would be an example of what?

Amalgamation

After moving to America, an African woman began wearing clothes from Old Navy instead of traditional garments and fabrics. This is an example of _____.

Assimilation

Ali is an immigrant from Algeria. he came to the US and found it hard to hold onto his culture and his religion: Islam. Ali met a woman. She is Christian, Ali converted to Christianity to marry her. He no longer practices neither his culture nor Islam. this is an illustration of ______.

Assimilation

What type of nation tends to have lower maternal and child mortality rates, longer life spans and less absolute poverty?

core nations

lacking even the basic necessities, which typically include adequate food, clean water, safe housing, and access to healthcare

Chattel Slavery

__________ believes that bigger the role you take in society the more you should get paid and is associated with the ______ perspective

Davis Moore/Functionalist

_______ is the thesis that argues some social stratification is a social necessity

Davis-Moore Thesis

Maya has lived in India her whole life and agreed to be a brick worker in exchange for money. In the middle of her working, her mother became sick and Maya borrowed money from her boss in order to visit her. Mayua does not make enough money to pay him back and can not stop working for him due to her debt. this is an example of ______.

Debt bondage

Unlike Davis and Moore, Conflict theorists believe that because of social stratification some qualified people were ______ higher level job positions

Denied the opportunity to obtain

John is a man finishing his Bachelor Degree in Early Education. he is applying to take care of children in a daycare for the summer before starting a teaching job in a local elementary school. Despite his qualification, the day care denied his application because he is a man. This is an example of ______.

Discrimination

In a snow storm this year Rebecca's asked her husband to shovel the driveway, bring the garbage to the road, and fix the chair that was broken in the storm. When he asked for help, she answered no and said "its your job, you're the man". This is an example of

Gender Roles

Gary is put in different activities than his sister, Anna. Gary's parents got him to try out for the Football team while Anna must take dance classes. This is an example of _____.

Gender Socialization

High income countries which is approximately 25% of the nations in the world hold most of the world's wealth. Middle-income countries are the largest proportion of the world's nations- about 42% have an average income and standard of living. Low income countries are a third category which constitute people living with limited resources. These three types of income show _____ ______

Global Stratification

Dependency theory explains how:

Global inequality is primarily caused by core nations (or high-income nations) exploiting semi-peripheral and peripheral nations (or middle-income and low income nations) which creates a cycle of dependence.

Tommy is comparing the wealth, economic stability, status and power of the Untied States to Russia for his school project. This is an example of _______.

Global stratification

Eric has recently been married to his husband and is filling out a wedding survey. After confirming that he is male, the website immediately begins asking questions about his "bride" this is an example of _______

Heterosexism

______ is a difference in social class between different generations of a family.

Intergenerational mobility

Julia thinks that race, class, gender, sexual orientation cannot be separated if you want to understand someone's experience. This is an example of _____.

Intersection Theory

________ explains how low-income countries are affected by their lack of industrialization and can improve their global economic standing through an adjustment of cultural values and attitudes to work and industrialization and other forms of economic growth

Modernization theory

A _____ discusses the society's stability and functioning as a whole, such as a government of a town provides education for the children of families, which in turn pays taxes on which the state depends to keep itself running

Structural Functional perspective

Which paradigm is associated with Complementary Roles THeory?

Structural Functionalism

______ is a societal change that enables a whole group of people to move up or down the class ladder

Structured Mobility

Joe is a steelworker. His company can no longer compete with companies using cheaper steel and cheaper labor force. his company is closing the factories and joe is losing his job. This is an example of ________.

deindustrailization

Marquis is driving. Marquis is African American and isn't violating any traffic laws. The police pulls Marquis over under the suspicion that since Marquis is black he may have drugs on him. The officer's actions is an example of?

Racial profiling

______ is/are a type of prejudice used to justify the belief that one racial category is somehow superior or inferior to others.

Racism

Social stratification is a system that:

Ranks society members into categories

During the 1930s, the Nazi party blamed German economic hardship on jews. it is an example of ______.

Scapegoat theory

In the Post-Civil war era, Black people and White people were separated in almost all public places. There were different bathrooms and water fountains for each race. Schools for Black people were not as enriched as those for the White population. This is known as _______.

Segregation

China is an example of a country that has a lot of manufacturing goods. These countries tend to be industrialized and export a lot of useful goods across the country. This would be an example of _____.

Semi-peripheral nations

______ is the physical or physiological differences between males and females, including both primary sex characteristics (the reproductive system) and secondary characteristics such as height and muscularity.

Sex

When getting to know her college roommate, Haley asked her roommate Sarah if she was attracted to males or females. Haley was asking Sarah's ______.

Sexual Orientation

______ is the ability to change positions within a social stratification system

Social Mobility

Gender Role is defined as:

Society's concept of how men and women are expected to look and how they should behave

Jacob was explaining to Cassie that all tall African Americans are great at playing basketball, and that all Asians are great at math. Jacob is giving Cassie examples of what

Stereotypes

Conspicuous Consumption is defined as:

The act of buying and using products to make a statement about social standing

income is defined as:

The money a person earns from work or investments

The poverty line is calculated by taking a economic food budget for a family of a particular size, and multiplying it by 3.

True

True or false: The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 ended CHiense immigration.

True

First world countries are capitalistic democracies such as _____.

United States and Japan

Norine is a successful musician who earns millions, travels the world and has access to the best healthcare. She is part of the _____ class

Upper

A white lady returned an item with no questions asked. While person of color was asked to present proof of purchase. This is an example of ____.

White Privilege

The second shift refers to

Women working coming home after working full time and performing most of the unpaid household labor as well

Intragenerational Mobility is defined as:

a difference in social class between different members of the same generations

Which statement illustrates low status consistency?

a single mother receives food stamps and struggles to find adequate employment

The concept of meritocracy is an ideal because

a society has never existed where social rank was based purely on merit

Ethnicity is defined as:

a term that describes shared culture- the practices, values, and beliefs of a group

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intergenerational mobility?

an executive belongs to a different social class than her parents

Underground Economy is defined as:

an unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections

Minority Group is defined as:

any group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination

What is the term used among Native American tribes for a person who acts or dresses as the opposite gender?

berdache

Heather was telling her coworker, Jen, that her son has been acting up. She thinks it is from the stress of school. Her daughter however, is also stressed, but she keeps to herself. Jen said that just because they are feeling the same way, doesn't mean they'll behave the same. Jen told her that males and females behave differently due to differences in their biology. This is an example of _____.

biological determinism

Tatiana was born in a rural farm in India, she was born poor and had to work in a farm for the rest of her life. She won't be able to move up the social ladder because in her culture members of a specific group stay in this position for the rest of their life. This system is known as the ________.

caste system

The amount of resources a person has to spend on items like hobbies, vacations, and leisure activities is indicated by:

class traits

Aashi and Urvi are actresses. When auditioned for a Bollywood film, Aashi who has a lighter skin color, get the job due to her skin tone. This is an example of _____.

colorism

_____ is when someone believes one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group.

colorism

Africa received billions of dollars in loans from wealthy nations between the 1970s and 2002. Those loans compounded interest. Although Africa as effectively paid off the initial investments into its land, it still owes billions of dollars in interest. Africa, therefore, hags little or no resources to invest in itself, in its own economy or human development. its's unlikely that Africa will ever prosper unless that interest is forgiven by the more powerful nations that lent the initial money, er

dependency theory

If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is influenced by the _______.

dependency theory

______ is a term often substitute for a group that's in the majority.

dominant group

Traditional gender roles associate women with _________ roles and males with ___________ roles

expressive/instrumental

_____ is a subordinate group being forced, by a dominant group, to leave a certain area or country.

expulsion

a 12-year-old boy had never been to a doctor or attend school. He lacks the basic necessities which include adequate food, clean water and safe housing. This is an example of ___ ____.

extreme poverty

More and more women are falling below the poverty line. This is referred to as:

feminization of poverty

______ is/.are the behaviors, personal traits, and social positions that society attributes to being female or male.

gender

______ a person's deeply held internal perception of their gender

gender identity

You are a woman in the workplace and your boss just gave you an impossible deadline just to prove that you cannot deliver the work on time. Such deadlines or tasks are a way of discriminating against women. This is an example of ____ _____.

gender inequality

______ is a pattern that occurs when women bear a disproportionate percentage of the burden of poverty.

global feminization of poverty

_______ is when women are bearing a disproportionate percentage of the burden of poverty. This means more women live in poor conditions, receive inadequate healthcare, bear the brunt of malnutrition and inadequate drinking water.

global feminization of poverty

The standard of living is based of actors such as

income, employment, class, poverty rates, and housing affordability

__________ explanations of poverty focus on the choices people make that keep them poor, whereas _______ look at the institutions that make breaking out of poverty difficult

individual/structural

Transgender people are:

individuals who identify with the gender that is the different from their sex assigned at birth

Absolute poverty is defined as:

lacking even the basic necessities, which typically include adequate food, clean water, safe housing, and access to healthcare

One of the first questions we ask when we find out someone is having or adopting a baby is "boy or girl?" this is because we consider sex and gender a _______ a position that affects all other positions we hold

master status

_________ is an ideal system in which personal effort --or merit--determines social standing

meritocracy

______ is when stereotype is applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching significant educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without challenging the existing establishment.

model minority

Which theory suggests that low-income countries can improve their global economic standing by industrialization of infrastructure and shift in cultural attitudes toward work?

modernization theory

_______ has/have very little industrialization; what they do have often represents the outdated castoffs of core nations or the factories and means of production owned by core nations.

peripheral nations

The United States of America is known as a melting pot. Different cultures, ethnicities, races, and religious come together to form ________

pluralism

_______ refers to the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes someone holds about a group

prejudice

Sexism is defined as

prejudiced beliefs that value one sex over another

_____ refers to the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group

privilege

______ is when real estate agents direct prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race

racial steering

Bob lives in the United States in a 2 bedroom apartment with three kids. He is living paycheck to paycheck. His family cannot afford cable television. This is an example of _____,

relative poverty

When Kathy was elected for student council president, Jacob made a comment that she would do poorly in her new position because she's a woman and women don't know how to lead as well as men. This is an example of _____.

sexism

When a teacher needs help handing out textbooks, they ask a boy to help. When the teacher needs help cleaning the board, they ask a girl to help. This is an example of _____.

sexism

______ is the way in which socially created definitions about the cultural appropriateness of sex linked behavior shape the way people see and experience sexuality.

social construction of sexuality

The class system is defined as:

social standing based on social factors and individual accomplishments

Peter is a single dad working a full-time job. he can afford food, cloth, a place to stay. However, he cannot afford vacation to Disney World, a 3000 square feet house, and a big SUV. This is an example of _______.

subjective poverty

Biological determinism is defined as:

the belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

Status consistency is defined as:

the consistency, or lack thereof, of an individual's rank across social categories like income, education and occupation

segregation is defined as

the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions

Institutional racism is defined as:

the way in which racism is embedded in the fabric of society

Liam wants to become a nurse. When he tells his dad about it, his idea is discouraged because Liam's dad thinks men should be doctors. Liam's dad is supporting

traditional gender roles

True or False: Before 1963, employers could legally pay women less than men for the same work

true

True or false: Women make <90 cents to every dollar that a man makes

true

Bob had a major surgery, once he was recovered he noticed he has some left over medication. Bob sell the medicine on the black market to get some money. This is an example of ________.

underground economy

______ is the value of money and assets a person has from, for example, inheritance.

wealth