Sociology Exam
Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was: a. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology
. It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? c. Nature vs. Nurture
20. As of 2008, how many adults in the United States are in jail or prison? c. 1 in 100*
1. Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: b. Digital divide*
20. Verstehen is defined by the text as: c. To understand in a deep way
1. In the late 2000's, Ugg Boots became a major fashion fixture, sported by everyone from celebrities to college students. The Ugg boots craze is an example of a _____ trend within the United States. c. Cultural*
9. Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe: b. The group is better informed than they are.*
10. The United States Government is a form of: a. A bureaucracy*
9. On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of ¬¬¬¬______. b. Role playing
10. Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity? b. A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama*
9. The term secondary deviance can be defined as: d. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.*
10. Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction? b. Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.*
10. Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____. b. Culture shock
11. The term values can be defined as: b. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.*
10. ____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. c. Karl Marx; Communism
11. Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on personal merit? d. Émile Durkheim
11. Social control is: d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.*
12. Strain theory: c. Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals.*
11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy: d. Personality-based promotion*
12. The McDonalidization of Society refers to: a. The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.*
11. Alienation is defined by the text as: a. The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.*
12. Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation? d. Alienation from one's religion*
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. b. Macro-level; micro-level*
13. _____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. c. Structural Functionalists
13. In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? d. Labeling theory*
14. Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime? b. Corporate crime*
13. A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management b. Symbolic interactionist
14. Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society b. Collective conscience
13. Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of: c. Conformity
14. The concept "reference groups" can be defined as: d. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.*
14. Qualitative sociology can be defined as a. In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.*
15. Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function. c. manifest; latent*
What is a negative risk of media globalization d. Governments censoring information for their benefit
15. The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as: a. A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly
15. True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime? b. False
16. Edwin Sutherland (b) a. Strain theory 17. Travis Hirschi (c) b. Differential association 18. Robert Merton (a) c. Control theory 19. Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay (d) d. Cultural deviance theory
15. A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a: d. Coercive organization*
16. Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a: c. Utilitarian organization*
15. As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because: d. All of the above
16. Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between: c. The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.*
15. The term language can be defined as: b. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted
16. MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______. b. Popular culture; high culture
16. Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: a. Conflict theory
17. After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. c. Symbolic interactionist
17. Which of the following is an example of a counterculture? c. The hippie movement of the 1960's
18. In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____. a. An innovation
17. Which sociological pioneer performed an experiment in which he showed a group of participants a paper with three lines on it, all varying in length, and asked them to compare the lines? b. Solomon Asch*
18. When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of: b. The McDonaldization of Society*
17. The concept anomie can be defined as: a. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness
18. Which of the following is an example of role strain? b. Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.*
18. This is a product of ___. b. Media globalization*
19. From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media? d. All of the above
1. Until 10,000 years ago, the basic structure of human society was based on _____. b. Tribes
2. Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective d. Conflict Theory
1. Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience? a. Differential association theory*
2. The term deviance can be defined as: b. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.*
1. Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n): d. Aggregat
2. What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group? a. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal
19. In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use? a. Authoritarian
20. The term meritocracy is defined by the text as: d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.*
Society and culture _____. a. Could not exist without each other
3. Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______. d. Ethnocentrism*
2. E-readiness can be defined as: a. the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge.*
3. Which of the following is an example of planned obsolescence? c. Sarah's iPod breaks just as the newest iPod Nano is being introduced.*
3. What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime? d. A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics.*
4. Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a: c. Positive formal sanction*
3. Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic: b. Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.*
4. When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____. b. Reference group
3. ____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer. c. Agricultura
4. Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy? d. Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third
4. Which of the following is an example of a learned custom d. All of the above
5. A cultural universal is: b. A pattern or trait common to all societies
4. After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: d. Evolutionary model of technological change*
5. Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as: a. Homogenization*
5. A total institution can be defined as d. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs
6. Grace works in at an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n): d. Instrumental function*
5. The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because a. Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.*
6. Please place the following societies in chronological order: d. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural
5. Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society? d. C. Wright Mills*
6. The term crime can be defined as: a. A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.*
6. The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as: d. Figuration
7. A paradigm can be defined as a. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them
Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____. a. Non-material culture
7. Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal c. Incest taboos*
6. The term technological diffusion is defined as: a. The spread of technology across borders.*
7. Which sociological perspective sees technology and media as a tool individuals use to express how much wealth they have? c. Symbolic Interactionist
7. An instrumental leader: c. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.*
8. Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader. c. Laissez-faire*
7. Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______. c. Ascribed status
8. Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as: d. An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy
7. Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was: a. Necessary; it challenged people's views.*
8. Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System? b. The jury*
8. Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? b. Conflict Theory
9. Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. d. Quantitative
8. How has advertising revenue significantly changed in the past few years? b. Cable and online revenue have remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly.*
9. Which of the following is NOT an example of new media a. Barnes and Noble
What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility b. How much education you have.*
A person's position in a country's social stratification is determined by: a. Wealth, power, income, race, education*
18. Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. d. Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact d. All of the above are social facts
Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role? b. Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.*
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes? c. In their teenage years
. Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism*
Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? c. Symbolic Interactionism
7. Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Group B is the ______.
CONTROL GROUP
With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United State's wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people? a. 1/3
Charlotte was born to a lower class family in rural Pennsylvania. After taking a job in the mail room of a large corporate office, Charlotte is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes CEO of the company by the age of 50. What type of stratification is shown in this story? c. Intragenerational mobility*
4. Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) _____.
ETHNOGRAPHY
Parents often socialize their children to: b. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow*
Education is important to society because: d. All of the above*
20. The term cyberfeminism is defined by the text as: a. The application to and promotion of feminism online
Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of: a. A meritocracy
During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____. a. Socialization
Erik Erikson's theory explains d. How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.*
Which classification method best shows how competitive a nation's economy is in global terms? b. Calculating the GDP per capita of each country and using those numbers to create a global average that can be used as an economic yard stick.*
GNI PPP, or gross national income divided by purchasing power parity, helps measure: a. The standard of living in a country
16. Tyson visits China over spring break, and after getting online to write home to her parents, she realizes some of her favorite social media sites are blocked by the Chinese government. She becomes concerned with how technology reinforces inequalities among communities, both within and among countries. What sociological perspective best fits Tyson's concerns? d. Conflict*
In 1983, 50 corporations owned the majority of mass-media outlets. Today, the majority of mass-media outlets are owned by how many corporations? c. 6
During the Medieval Age monks would lock themselves inside a monastery in order to devote their lives to prayer. A sociologist in the 21st century would look at this cultural phenomenon and label it: a. A total institution
In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______. b. A degradation ceremony
Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under: c. A caste system
It was time for Oli to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Oli and his bride will have a(n) _________ marriage. b. Endogamus*
Bobby came home from school crying because the other kids in his class were calling him stupid. His mother tried to console him, but he really started to believe that he was stupid. Charles Cooley would say that this is a classic example of _______. a. The looking-glass self
Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? a. The preparatory stage
. Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: c. Anticipatory socialization
Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? b. Conflict
1. Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?
SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS
. The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle? d. All of the above
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? c. Resocialization.*
In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of __________. d. Downward mobility*
Since the social classes in the United States do not have any clear boundaries, how is a sociologist supposed to determine whether their subjects are in the upper class or the upper-middle class? a. Upper class is often defined as having control over one's life and the lives of people around you, while the upper-middle class is often defined as having control only over one's own life.*
10. The term media globalization can be defined as: d. The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.*
Susan has the newest iPhone, iPad, iPod, and Mac. When a new Apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n): b. Technophile
5. A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________.
THE HAWTHORNE EFFECT
6. Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?
THE MORE CD'S JAMAILLA BUYS, THE LESS MONEY SHE HAS IN HER BANK ACCOUNT
19. Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that: c. People base their images on how they think other people see them
The term institutionalization can be defined as: b. The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.*
Cate is the daughter of a Senator and the former CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Harry grew up on a farm, tilling the land for a living. They are planning a June wedding. They will have a(n)___________ marriage. a. Exogamous*
Which factor is considered when evaluating someone's standard of living? d. All of the above*
What is particularly unique about the United States middle class b. It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class.*
Which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today? d. The Industrial Revolution
Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____. c. Social control
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? d. Making eye contact while speaking*
19. In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ¬¬______. c. Subculture
Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? a. The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club. *
8. Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______. b. Cultural imperialism
Which of the following is an example of cultural relativisim c. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.*
Before the dawn of social media, powerful TV networks and widely circulated newspapers had great influence over the news stories that were reported to the public. This is referred to as: c. Gatekeeping*
Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races? a. A conflict theorist
Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of: d. The hidden curriculum of schools*
Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality? a. Carol Gilligan*
The Davis-Moore Thesis states: c. That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.*
Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification? d. Karl Marx*
13. The term value neutrality is defined by the text as
a. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results
3. Which of the following men coined the term positivisim, and is widely considered the father of sociology?
a. Auguste Comte
9. Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method?
a. Field research
10. Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research?
a. Gathering data from government studies
17. What is the importance of interpretive framework?
a. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world
5. While examining the recent mortgage crisis, a sociologist would consider all but which of the following factors?
a. The number of U.S. economic analysts
8. The term interpretive framework can be defined as:
b. A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.*
11. Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______.
b. Case study
20. In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____.
b. Participant observation
2. Sociology is defined as the
b. Systematic study of society and social interaction
1. On Wednesday nights, Joshua attends meetings for Young Life, a Christian-oriented youth group, with his friends, and church on Sunday with his family. This is an example of shared _¬¬¬____ within Joshua's culture
c. Beliefs
15. Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice
c. Observing study participants without their consent
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method
c. Receive corroboration from the field
Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics?
c. To ensure the financial gain of the researchers
2. Reliability is defined by the text as:
d. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.*
4. Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination.
d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure
3. John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.
d. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades
What is a difference between a more and a folkway?
d. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.*
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____.
d. Reliability
Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______.
d. Secondary data
Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct
d. Secondary data analysis
