Sociology final

Difference between sex and gender

- Sex refers to the biological identity of the person and is meant to signify the fact that one is either male or female - Gender refers to the socially learned behaviors and expectations that are associated with the two sexes.

traditional authority

-This is based on customs and traditions -Basic relationships are dictated by customs ex: parental authority

rational-legal authority

-This is based on written rules -"Rational" means reasonable and "legal" means law, so rational-legal refers to matters that been agreed to by reasonable people and is written into law -This is also known as "bureaucratic authority" the authority lies in the position not the person, everyone is subject to written rules

Social Movement

A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal.

Casual crowd

A relatively gathering of large people who happen to be in the same place at the same time. Ex: mall, football games

Hidden Curriculum

A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission

Xenophobia

An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign people/goods

Acting crowd

Collectivities fulled by an intense single minded purpose Ex: mob mentality (mobs, riots, panics)

Melissa has been working to develop drought-resistance seeds that require little water to grow and which produce grain. She wants to send these to arid parts of the world, where conventional grain is not easy (or even impossible) to grow to improve nutrition for the people in those countries. In sociological terms, Melissa most likely ascribes to

Cornucopian Theory

Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of

Cultural capital

Biological determinism Example

Ex. men and women in all societies would behave uniformly in their unique ways because of inborn biological forces beyond their control

Why do sociologists find the study of family to bet important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture

Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.

Expressive crowd

Form around an event with emotional appeal. Ex: funerals, protests

When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of

Liberation Theology

Alex's country was once communist, but now allows limited private ownership of companies, and lets market forces determine production and pricing decisions. What kinds of economy is Alex living in?

Market Socialist

charismatic authority

People are drawn to the personality of the leader because they are believed to or viewed to possess certain gifts or qualities

Conventional crowd

People that come together for a scheduled event and share a common focus. Ex: holiday gatherings, funerals, weddings.

Sick role

The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them

When Alexander, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of

White Privilege

Graying of the U.S

means that the average age of the U.S. population is steadily going up

Anne was diagnosed with bipolarity as a teenager. She's hesitant to tell her friends, teachers, coaches, and employers about her diagnosis because she's seen other people with the illness be discriminated against on account of it. Bipolarity is an example of a(n)

stigmatized illness

Biological determinism

the belief that the behavioral differences are the results of inherited physical characteristics

Medical Sociology

the systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and healthcare for both the sick and the healthy.