Sociology Final Exam

Which statement best expresses why the United States is not a true democracy? a.Ancient Greece was the only true democracy. b.Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy. c.Many politicians are corrupt. d.Special-interest groups fund political campaigns.

Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy

Which of the following best depicts Marx's concept of alienation from the process of one's labor? a.A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught to do it that way. b.An associate professor is afraid that she won't be given tenure and starts spreading rumors about one of her associates to make herself look better. c.A construction worker is laid off and takes a job at a fast food restaurant temporarily, although he has never had an interest in preparing food before. d.A businessman feels that he deserves a raise, but is nervous to ask his manager for one; instead, he comforts himself with the idea that hard work is its own reward.

a. A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught to do it that way.

The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers? a.Max Weber b.Friedrich Engels c.Émile Durkheim d.Karl Marx

a. Max Weber

What was the major ethical lapse of the Tuskegee Experiment? a.Not informing the subjects of the study that they had syphilis b.Not treating the men who were infected c.Not adhering to a code of ethics d.Conducting a study only on Black people

a. Not informing the subjects of the study that they had syphilis

____________ is the use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop and detain someone. a.Racial Profiling b.Ethnicity c.Racial steering d.Minority Grouping

a. Racial Profiling

Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States? a.Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing. b.Rates of violent crimes are decreasing, but there are more nonviolent crimes now than ever before. c.Crime rates have skyrocketed since the 1970s due to lax corrections laws. d.Rates of street crime have gone up, but corporate crime has gone down.

a. Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing.

A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this? a.The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status. b.The offender has lost the social bonds they made in prison and feels disconnected from society. c.The offender has returned to their old neighborhood and so reestablished their former habits. d.The offender is poor and responding to the different cultural values that exist in their community.

a. The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status.

The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is: a.ethnography focuses on how subjects view themselves in relationship to the community b.ethnographic studies always involve minority ethnic groups c.ethnography subjects are unaware they're being studied d.ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing

a. ethnography focuses on how subjects view themselves in relationship to the community

The term sexuality is defined by the text as: a.A person's capacity for sexual feelings. b.The repressed sexual inclinations of society as a whole. c.An individual's biological gender. d.An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine.

a.A person's capacity for sexual feelings.

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? a.A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class b.A power company turning off electricity because of lack of payment c.Someone being incarcerated because they damaged property d.A teacher publishing a late-submission policy

a.A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class

Chip believes that individuals in crowds behave rationally and thinks crowds are engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action. What sociological perspective is Chip referring to? a.Assembling b.Value-added c.Emergent norm d.Immersed socialization

a.Assembling

Society and culture _____. a.Could not exist without each other b.Are unrelated c.Could not exist together d.Are the same thing

a.Could not exist without each other

__________ is the disposal of broken, obsolete, and worn-out electronics. a.E-waste b.Pollution c.Climate Change d.Human Ecology

a.E-waste

Lilly lives in a primarily Black community in which is located a power plant. Her town has a high level of air pollution. The power plant supplies power to surrounding, more affluent towns, but they do not experience the pollution. This is an example of ____________. a.Environmental racism b.Redlining c.E-waste d.Environmental pollution

a.Environmental racism

In the concentric zone model, Zone B is likely to house what? a.Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments b.The city's industrial center c.Rural outposts d.Wealthy commuter homes

a.Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments

Peter recently had to leave his apartment in Boston because rent was too high. His neighborhood has historically been considered the poorest part of Boston. Now it is renovated and becoming increasingly expensive as more and more affluent people move in. This is an example of _____. a.Gentrification b.The concentric zone model c.Suburbification d.Sustainable development

a.Gentrification

Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? a.Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms b.Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life c.Emphasis on religion as providing social support d.None of the above

a.Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms

A single-parent paralegal is asked to take an extra shift three times per week during which he has to organize files for another lawyer. The extra work keeps him away from his son, and leaves him unable to keep up with the housework. He is experiencing: a.Role strain b.Role conflict c.Ascribed status d.Achieved status

a.Role strain

Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects? a.Sacred; profane b.Ordinary; sanctified c.Secular; religious d.Unclean; holy

a.Sacred; profane

Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender: a.Socialization b.Indifference c.Stratification d.Bending

a.Socialization

Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come? a.Structural Functionalism b.Conflict Theory c.Symbolic Interactionism d. Cyberfeminism

a.Structural Functionalism

What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)? a.The victims of IPV do not report the abuse. b.IPV is not taken seriously by the court system. c.IPV almost never happens, so it is difficult to locate and predict. d.Most people do not know what IPV is.

a.The victims of IPV do not report the abuse.

How do traditional models of global stratification breakdown different categories of countries? a.They analyze the degree of industrialization. b.They use measures to assess the economic power of each nation. c.They evaluate cultural norms and social goals. d.They measure social mobility between classes.

a.They analyze the degree of industrialization.

A person's sex, as determined by their biology, does not always correspond with their gender. a.True b.False

a.True

What are the three positive checks Malthus believed would limit human population? a.War, famine, and disease b.Self-preservation, old age, and illness c.Natural cycles, illness, and immigration d.Violence, new diseases, and old age

a.War, famine, and disease

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustice in a highly hostile environment. He is an example of a(n) __________ leader. a.charismatic b.legal-rational c.illegitimate d.traditional

a.charismatic

Immanuel Wallerstein's classification of nations uses which set of terms? a.core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation b.super powers, allies of super powers, enemies of super powers c.primary nation, secondary nation, tertiary nation d.first world, second world, third world

a.core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor. a.melting pot b.salad bowl c.separate but equal d.Statue of Liberty

a.melting pot

Among the reasons socialism never developed into a political movement in the United States was that trade unions _________. a.secured workers' rights b.broke up monopolies c.diversified the workforce d.guaranteed health care

a.secured workers' rights

The existence of social norms, both formal and informal, is one of the main things that inform ___________, otherwise known as encouraging social conformity. a.social control b.values c.mores d.sanctions

a.social control

The majority of U.S. children live in: a.two-parent households b.one-parent households c.multigenerational households d.no-parent households

a.two-parent households

According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where? a.A neighborhood with mostly elderly citizens b.A community where neighbors don't know each other very well c.A city with a large minority population d.A college campus with students who are very competitive

b. A community where neighbors don't know each other very well

Which of the following is an example of corporate crime? a.Larceny b.Embezzlement c.Burglary d.Assault

b. Embezzlement

What was the major ethical lapse regarding researchers' treatment of Henrietta Lacks? a.Not treating her cervical cancer b.Reusing her cells without her consent c.Not acknowledging that the cells came from her d.Reusing her cells in vaccines and related medicines

b. Reusing her cells without her consent

Mary works full-time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbor's house. She's just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country. Mary has succumbed to pressure to volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother-in-law will be moving in with her next month. Which of the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities? a.Self-fulfilling prophecy b.Role conflict c.Status strain d.Status conflict

b. Role conflict

Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to. a.compare the behavior of individuals from different societies b.identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure c.compare one society to another d.compare individuals to groups

b. identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure

Author C.Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study how society affects individuals. a.tool b.imagination c.method d.culture

b. imagination

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____. a.Dependent variables b.Participant observation c.Secondary data analysis d.Literature review

b. participant observation

A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a _____ society. a.matrilocal b.patrilineal c.matrilineal d.bilateral

b. patrilineal

A student wakes up late and realizes their sociology exam starts in five minutes. They jump into their car and speed down the road, where they are pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that they are running late, and the officer lets them off with a warning. The student's actions are an example of _________. a.secondary deviance b.primary deviance c.positive deviance d.master deviance

b. primary deviance

Societies practice social control to maintain ________. a.sanction labeling b.social order c.cultural deviance d.formal sanctions

b. social order

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. a.Conflict Theorists b.Structural Functionalists c.Social Individualists d.Symbolic Interactionists

b. structural functionalists

Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level? a.Conflict theory b.Symbolic interactionism c.Positivism d.Structural functionalism

b. symbolic interactionism

What is one of the largest contributors to health problems in low-income countries? a.Sterilization b.Clean water access c.High caloric diets d.Veganism

b.Clean water access

When a couple shares a residence but not a marriage, this is referred to as: a.Polygamy b.Cohabitation c.Monogamy d.Relationship

b.Cohabitation

According to Neil Smelser, several conditions must be in place for _________________ to occur. a.Effective interpretation b.Collective behavior c.Singular protest d.Social revolt

b.Collective behavior

Which is not one of functionalism's four main purposes of government? a.Meeting social needs b.Equally distributing resources c.Planning and directing society d.Maintaining law and order

b.Equally distributing resources

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture? a.Families tend to be apathetic towards culture whereas young unmarried people reinforce social rituals and ideologies. b.Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family. c.Families almost never reinforce the values of the society in which they live, and thus can bring about change without much effort. d.Families are so isolated from society at large that they become tiny independent societies.

b.Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.

Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that: a.Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image. b.People base their images on how they think other people see them. c.The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures. d.Personal identity isn't influenced by outside social forces.

b.People base their images on how they think other people see them.

A family of _____ describes one that is formed through marriage. a.Orientation b.Procreation c.Marriage d.Cohabitation

b.Procreation

What is the difference between sex and gender? a.Sex is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine, gender is biological characterization of anatomy. b.Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine. c.Sex refers to sexual orientation, and gender refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females. d.Sex refers to who a person is sexually attracted to, and gender refers to whom a person chooses to partner with.

b.Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.

Janet is invited to a theme party on campus, at which everyone is supposed to dress as their favorite video game character. She wears her normal attire -- jeans and a lightweight jacket -- and as a result not many people associate with her during the party. The host implies that Janet should leave, but doesn't demand it. Janet is experiencing: a.Ethnocentricity b.Social control c.Xenocentricism d.Formal sanction

b.Social control

Which group within the United States has been stereotyped as the model minority? a.The Hispanic American community b.The Asian American community c.The Arab American community d.The African American community

b.The Asian American community

Which of the following is the best definition of social change? a.An act of military rebellion. b.The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations. c.A group of people gathered to protest or rally in favor of a bill or law. d.An act of a bill passing in the House and the Senate.

b.The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations.

Canada provides_____________ for everyone, no matter their household income. a.None of the above b.Universal Healthcare c.Public Healthcare d.Medicalization

b.Universal Healthcare

Education is defined as: a.how people learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture. b.a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms. c.learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors by participating in society. d.the learning of academic facts and concepts through a formal curriculum.

b.a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms.

Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled a.peonage b.chattel slavery c.debt bondage d.relative poverty

b.chattel slavery

Doing Gender is defined as: a.it assumes sexual orientation is biologically determined and unambiguous. b.people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them. c.his or her physical, mental, emotional, and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female). d.how men and women are expected to look.

b.people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them.

Universal Access is defined as: a.learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors by participating in a society. b.people's equal ability to participate in an education system. c.how people learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture. d.the learning of academic facts and concepts through a formal curriculum.

b.people's equal ability to participate in an education system.

Medicalization is defined as the: a.way of treating disorders b.process by which previously normal aspects of life are redefined as deviant and needing medical attention to remedy. c.incidence of disease. d.number of deaths in a given time or place.

b.process by which previously normal aspects of life are redefined as deviant and needing medical attention to remedy.

Ben lost his job when General Motors closed U.S. factories and opened factories in Mexico. Now, Ben is very anti-immigration and campaigns for large-scale deportation of Mexican nationals, even though, logically, their presence does not harm him, and their absence will not restore his job. Ben might be experiencing _____________. a.global assembly line b.xenophobia c.xenophilia d.global commodity chains

b.xenophobia

Reliability is defined by the text as: a.How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis. b.How well the study measures what it was designed to measure. c.A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced. d.How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential.

c. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other Black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________. a.An act of social control b.Criminal mores c.An act of deviance d.A social norm

c. An act of deviance

Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience? a.Labeling theory b.Opaque theory c.Differential association theory d.Strain theory

c. Differential association theory

Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies? a.Agricultural b.Feudal c.Industrial d.Hunter-gatherer

c. Industrial

Berger describes sociologists as concerned with. a.monumental moments in people's lives b.common everyday life events c.both a and b d.none of the above

c. both a and b

______ is/are shared beliefs, values, and practices, that participants must learn. a.Values b.Beliefs c.Culture d.Material Culture

c. culture

Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist? a.Quantitative data analysis b.None of the above c.Participant observation d.Surveys

c. participant observation

A cultural universal is: a.The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society b.An object or a belonging of a group c.A pattern or trait common to all societies d.A written document outlining appropriate behavior

c.A pattern or trait common to all societies

Which of the following best defines a social movement? a.A collection of rights and laws aimed at the silent majority. b.All politicians and elected officials. c.A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal. d.A group of people organized at a meeting, such as a town hall or a courtroom.

c.A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal.

Which of the following statements is not true? a.The infant mortality rate for Black people in the United States is almost double that it is for White people b.The life expectancy of Black males in the United States is approximately five years shorter than for White males. c.Black people have lower cancer rates than White people. d.Hispanic people have worse access to care than non-Hispanic White people.

c.Black people have lower cancer rates than White people.

The term sorting can be defined as: a.The use of education to improve one's social standing. b.The process by which students are allowed to choose their own classes based on interest. c.Classifying students based on academic merit or potential. d.A formalized system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities.

c.Classifying students based on academic merit or potential.

_________ is the term used to refer to long-term shifts in temperatures due to human activity and, in particular, the release of greenhouse gases into the environment. a.Greenhouse b.Global warming c.Climate Change d.Pollution

c.Climate Change

The __________ of a society is a measure of noting the number of children born. a.Population b.Geology Rate c.Fertility Rate d.Mortality Rate

c.Fertility Rate

When social movements link their goals to the goals of other social movements and merge into a single group, this is referred to as: a.Motivational framing b.Frame diagnostics c.Frame alignment process d.Ecofeminism

c.Frame alignment process

Which sociological perspective argues that sick people fill a societal role and are stigmatized by society if they spend longer in that role than is appropriate? a.Symbolic interactionism b.Feminist c.Functionalism d.Conflict theory

c.Functionalism

What is one difference between a more and a folkway? a.Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not b.Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not c.Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not d.Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not

c.Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not

According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is: a.Based only on geographic regions b.No longer in existence c.Not biologically identifiable d.A product of the media

c.Not biologically identifiable

PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an animal rights group with over 2 million members across the country and spends millions of dollars on advertising (print, broadcast and social media) to spread social awareness about their cause each year. Which theory attempts to explain PETA's success? a.Collective behavior theory b.New social movement theory c.Resource mobilization theory d.Frame alignment process

c.Resource mobilization theory

Corporal Punishment is another way of saying: a.Life in prison b.White Collar Crime c.Spanking d.The death penalty

c.Spanking

Paris has been studying the demography of the United Kingdom. The U.K. is very similar to the United States or Sweden in that it is industrialized, has relatively long life expectancy, and infant mortality is low. Which stage in the Demographic Transition Theory would the U.K. fall into? a.Stage 1 b.Stage 2 c.Stage 4 d.Stage 3

c.Stage 4

According to conflict theorists, capitalism and the ________ lead to the commodification of health. a.Stigmatization b.Individual mandate c.The pursuit of profit d.Social epidemiology

c.The pursuit of profit

To a conflict theorist, marriage and families are fascinating because: a.No one ever gets what they want, so everyone compromises. b.All married men and women fight every single day of their lives. c.Within the family are social standings and power struggles d.All teenagers always fight with their parents.

c.Within the family are social standings and power struggles

A Society is defined as: a.gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words—help people understand that world b.a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms c.a group of people who share a community and a culture d.a smaller cultural group within a larger culture

c.a group of people who share a community and a culture

Ethnicity is defined as: a.suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes. b.consists of actions against a group of people, can be based on age, religion, health, and other indicators. c.a term that describes shared culture—the practices, values, and beliefs of a group. d.the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture.

c.a term that describes shared culture—the practices, values, and beliefs of a group.

The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave. a.sexual orientation b.sexual attitudes c.gender role d.gender bias

c.gender role

Morbidity is defined as the: a.most common mental disorders in the United States b.process by which previously normal aspects of life are redefined as deviant and needing medical attention to remedy. c.incidence of disease. d.number of deaths in a given time or place.

c.incidence of disease.

Transgender people are: a.those who dress differently from the way that people expect b.people who feel an attraction to others of a different gender c.individuals who identify with the gender that is the different from their sex assigned at birth. d.people who perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them.

c.individuals who identify with the gender that is the different from their sex assigned at birth.

What is the Zero Population Growth Theory? a.the number of people still growing in their lifespan. b.the number of children entering a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of adults entering a population. c.the number of people entering a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of people leaving it via death or emigration. d.the number of people entering a building and increasing the building population.

c.the number of people entering a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of people leaving it via death or emigration.

Cultural Transmission is defined as: a.people's equal ability to participate in an education system. b.the learning of academic facts and concepts through a formal curriculum. c.the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture. d.learning how to enroll a child at a public school.

c.the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture.

A(n) _________________ is a highly oppressive government that seeks to control all aspects of its citizens' lives. a.oligarchy b.anarchy c.totalitarian dictatorship d.absolute monarchy

c.totalitarian dictatorship

The irrational fear or hatred of another culture is called: a.xenophile b.ethnocentrism c.xenophobia d.ethnophobia

c.xenophobia

acting crowd

crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as: a.The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research. b.A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. c.A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population. d.A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.

d. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.

The concept anomie can be defined as: a.How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group. b.A person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests. c.When one or more of an individual's roles clash. d.A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

d. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

Which materials are considered secondary data? a.Responses from participants whom you both surveyed and interviewed b.Information that you have gathered and now have included in your results c.Photos and letters given to you by another person d.Books and articles written by other authors about their studies

d. Books and articles written by other authors about their studies

Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society. a.The iron cage b.Anomie c.Bourgeoisie d.Collective conscience

d. Collective conscience

In general, which types of crime are most likely to have the most victims per act or series of acts? a.Violent crime b.Street crime c.International crime d.Corporate crime

d. Corporate crime

Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism? a.W.I.Thomas b.Lester F. Ward c.Max Weber d.Herbert Blumer

d. Herbert Blumer

John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable. a.Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops b.Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John c.Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades d.Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

d. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle? a.Emile Comte b.Plato c.Herbert Spencer d.Karl Marx

d. Karl Marx

Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality? a.Institutional Review Board (IRB) b.Peter Rossi c.American Sociological Association (ASA) d.Max Weber

d. Max Weber

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was: a.Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior. b.Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored. c.Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel. d.Necessary; it challenged people's views.

d. Necessary; it challenged people's views.

Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society? a.Children's book author b.Sharecropper c.Coal miner d.Software engineer

d. Software engineer

Sociology is defined as the. a.Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. b.Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon. c.Theoretical examination of life's origins. d.Systematic study of society and social interaction.

d. Systematic study of society and social interaction

What did Kenneth and Mamie Clark used in their experiment on the harmful effects of segregation? a.adults and dolls b.adults and pets c.children and dogs d.children and dolls

d. children and dolls

Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method. a.nonparticipatory b.nonrestrictive c.nonconfrontive d.nonreactive

d. nonreactive

Paco knows that women find him attractive, and he's never found it hard to get a date. But as he ages, he dyes his hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight he has put on. Paco's behavior can be best explained by the concept of ___________. a.habitualization b.role performance c.role strain d.the looking-glass self

d. the looking-glass self

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group? a.Creoles in New Orleans b.White people in Brazil c.Jewish people in Germany d.Black people under apartheid in South Africa

d.Black people under apartheid in South Africa

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility? a.Meritocracy b.Caste c.Monarchy d.Class

d.Class

France might be classified as which kind of nation? a.Semi-peripheral b.Peripheral c.Global d.Core

d.Core

Melissa has been working to develop drought-resistance seeds that require little water to grow and which produce grain. She wants to send these to arid parts of the world, where conventional grain is not easy (or even impossible) to grow to improve nutrition for the people in those countries. In sociological terms, Melissa most likely ascribes to: a.Demographic transition theory b.Zero population growth theory c.Malthusian theory d.Cornucopian theory

d.Cornucopian theory

88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________. a.Marginal poverty b.Subjective poverty c.Relative poverty d.Extreme poverty

d.Extreme poverty

Which perspective most emphasizes how religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? a.Feminist perspective b.Conflict perspective c.Symbolic interactionist perspective d.Functional perspective

d.Functional perspective

Medical sociology is the systematic study of: a.The causes and distribution of diseases b.Doctor/Patient relationships among ill and healthy patients c.The rate at which social diseases spread amongst varying socioeconomic populations d.How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy

d.How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy

Learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors by participating in a society is referred to as: a.Sorting b.Formal Education c.Hidden Curriculum d.Informal Education

d.Informal Education

Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader? a.Traditional b.Dictatorial c.Charismatic d.Legal-rational

d.Legal-rational

Tarah is attending a sold-out concert at Red Rocks with thousands of other fans of the artist. Tarah is part of a: a.Assembling b.Norm c.Flash Mob d.Mass

d.Mass

Arizona Senate Bill 1070, often referred to colloquially as the "papers, please" law, was aimed widely at those of: a.Irish descent b.Chinese descent c.Middle Eastern descent d.Mexican descent

d.Mexican descent

Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that: a.Most people do not care about social rank. b.Only lower-class people drink beer. c.Only upper-class people can enjoy a good game of polo. d.Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

d.Most people only socialize with people in their same social class

The term discrimination is defined in the text as: a.The theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture. b.Biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people. c.An expression of dissatisfaction with the justice system. d.Prejudiced action against a group of people.

d.Prejudiced action against a group of people.

Which of the following is an example of racial steering? a. Kiki being told she'll be bad at math because she is a girl. b.The Trail of Tears, when the United States government forced Native Americans to permanently leave their homes and territory. c.Jose's parents not allowing him to date Martha because she is of a different race. d.Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others.

d.Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others.

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South? a.Brown v. Board of Education b.Jim Crow c.De jure d.Separate but equal

d.Separate but equal

________ is the physical or physiological differences between males and females, including both primary sex characteristics (the reproductive system) and secondary characteristics such as height and muscularity. a.Gender Identity b.Heterosexism c.Gender d.Sex

d.Sex

Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology, it is important to remember that: a.Sociologists only consider people who live in the same household to be a family. b.Sociologists try to keep the definition open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family. c.Sociologists only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family. d.Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.

d.Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.

You are interested in how ordinary objects become sacred. Which theoretical approach will help you most in analyzing the data you collect? a.Structural functionalism b.Feminism c.Conflict theory d.Symbolic interactionism

d.Symbolic interactionism

The Davis-Moore Thesis states: a.That economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States. b.That people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself. c.That Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government. d.That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

d.That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

Biological determinism is: a.An extreme or irrational aversion to people of a different sexual orientation b.The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another c.An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine d.The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

d.The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

Which of the following best defines the concept of "The Sick Role"? a.The social sanctions faced by a person who claims to be sick for too long b.The discriminatory practices used by corporations when an employee takes sick leave c.An illness that is questioned or considered questionable by some medical professionals d.The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them

d.The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them

Epidemiology is: a.The study of the social process that normalizes "sick" behavior b.The study of the process that changes "bad" behavior into "sick" behavior c.The study of how people manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorder, and healthcare for both the sick and the healthy d.The study of the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases

d.The study of the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases

Which of the following is not a characteristic of multinational corporations? a.A large share of their capital is collected from a variety of nationalities. b.They concentrate wealth in the hands of core nations. c.Their business is conducted without regard to national borders. d.They are headquartered primarily in the United States.

d.They are headquartered primarily in the United States.

Neil Smelser's theory of crowd behavior is referred to as ______ theory: a.Assembling b.Immersed socialization c.Crowd intonation d.Value-added

d.Value-added

When did the first economies begin to develop? a.When all the hunter-gatherers died b.When the first cities were built c.When money was invented d.When people began to grow crops and domesticate animals

d.When people began to grow crops and domesticate animals

Religion is defined as: a.cults, sects, and groups with pejorative connotations b.the conviction or sensation that we are connected to "the divine" c.a large, mainstream organization that isn't state-sponsored d.a system of beliefs, values, and practices concerning what a person holds sacred

d.a system of beliefs, values, and practices concerning what a person holds sacred

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers: a.have to put forth self-effort to get ahead b.must labor alone, without companionship c.move from one geographical location to another d.do not feel connected to their work or to one another

d.do not feel connected to their work or to one another

One reason critics oppose globalization is that it: a.has negative impacts on political stability b.concentrates wealth in the poorest countries c.has positive impacts on world trade d.has negative impacts on the environment

d.has negative impacts on the environment

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions. a.often fired from b.encouraged to train for c.forced into d.prevented from attempting

d.prevented from attempting

A family of Orientation is defined as: a.the family that is formed through marriage b.the tracing of kinship through both parents c.the tracing of kinship through one parent only d.the family into which a person is born

d.the family into which a person is born

Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Laughter is an example of: a.relativism b.ethnocentrism c.xenocentrism d.universalism

d.universalism

conventional crowd

people who come together for a regularly scheduled event

casual crowd

people who share close proximity without really interacting

Reform Movements

seek to change something specific about the social structure

revolutionary movements

seek to completely change every aspect of society

resistance movements

seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure