Sociology final exam

A pattern or trait common to all societies

A cultural universal is:

Not biologically identifiable

According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is:

Culture shock

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____.

Correct answer: a. All of the above b. Specialization of labor lead to alienation. c. Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness. d. Collective norms are weakened.

As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:

pluralistic

Asad's first grade class is diverse: there are two students from Korea, five students from South America, two students from the United States, three students from Kuwait, a student from Mexico, two students from England, and five students from western Europe. Asad's class is:

exogamous

Cate is the daughter of a Senator and the former CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Harry grew up on a farm, tilling the land for a living. They are planning a June wedding. They will have a(n)___________ marriage.

Socialization

During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____.

The Agricultural Revolution

During what time period did economies begin to develop globally?

meritocracy

Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of:

Ethnocentrism

Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______.

Thomas Therom

If situation is thought real, it is real in consequences is referred to as ________.

A degradation ceremony

In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______.

Participant observation

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____.

Medicalization of deviance

In recent years, a great compulsion to engage in frequent and risky sexual behaviors was deemed sexual addiction. This is an example of:

the birth of the first child

In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage?

harmful

Kenneth and Mamie Clark used sociological research to show that segregation was:

How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy

Medical sociology is the systematic study of:

informal sanctions

One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______.

role performance

Paco knows that women find him attractive, and he's never found it hard to get a date. But as he ages, he dyes his hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight he has put on. Paco's behavior can be best explained by the concept of ___________.

How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination.

A man who is married to more than one woman at the same time

Polygyny is

A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

Reliability is defined by the text as:

the regulation and enforcement of norms.

Social control is:

globalization

Some jobs today advertise in multinational markets and permit telecommuting in lieu of working from a primary location. This broadening of the job market and the way that jobs are performed can be attributed to:

buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with

Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role?

Non-material culture

The American flag is a material object that denotes the United States of America; however, there are certain connotations that many associate with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, what are bravery and freedom?

Counterculture

The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture?

Social control

The existence of social norms, both formal and informal, is one of the main things that inform ___________, otherwise known as a way to encourage social conformity.

The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture

The term assimilation is defined by the text as:

prejudiced action against a group of people

The term discrimination is defined in the text as:

When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves

The term doing gender can be defined as:

The learning of academic facts and concepts.

The term formal education is defined by the text as:

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted

The term language can be defined as:

A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex.

The term sexual orientation can be defined as:

A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.

The term values can be defined as:

An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods

The term xenophobia can best be defined as:

culture and society

The terms _________________ and ______________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them.

dyad; triad

Two people who have just had a baby have turned from a _______ to a _________.

ALL OF THE ABOVE -socioeconomic status -racism

What factors contribute to inequality within the educational system in the United States?

Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not.

What is one difference between a more and a folkway?

Clean water access

What is one of the largest contributors to health problems in low-income countries?

It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class.It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class.

What is particularly unique about the United States middle class?

family

What is the first agent of socialization?

The decline of the middle class

What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the United States?

To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality.

What is the purpose of queer theory?

Alienation

What may be described as a condition which man are dominated by forces of their own creation, which confront them as alien powers.

How much education you have.

What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility?

Functionalism

What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts?

Organic solidarity

What type of social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences.

reference group

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____.

Conflict Theory

When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views?

role strain

When too much is required of a single role, individuals can experience________.

Karl Marx

Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle?

Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities

Which is one reason that sociologist cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties?

The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market

Which of the following best defines the term globalization?

The study of society and social interaction

Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject?

Anomie

Which of the following is NOT a component of social structure?

social networks

Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education?

Making eye contact while speaking

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?

The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?

To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics.

Receive corroboration from the field

Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method.

Infancy

Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to new roles?

a high school

Which of the following is not an example of an in-group?

Herbert Blumer

Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism?

isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is vegetarian

example of something that is NOT a stereotype

sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other

family is a term that is difficult to define. when studying sociology it is important to remember that:

a type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission

the concept hidden curriculum can be defined as:

the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence but also in workplace and social functions

the term segregation is defined in the text as:

men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabiting

what is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage?