Sociology Final Exam (Unit 15)

Stages of Social Movements, Blumer (1969) and Tilly

-Preliminary stage -Coalescence stage -Institutionalization stage -Decline stage

Theoretical Perspectives (Conflict Theory)

Macro level The way inequalities contribute to social differences and perpetuate differences in power. Assumes social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or allocation of resources Material, social and cultural resources Gender Social Class/Economics Race/Ethnicity Sexual Orientation Religion Criticism: Does not recognize there is some stability

Theoretical Perspectives (Structural Functionalism)

Macro-level Sociological approach that emphasizes the way parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability Are they functional or dysfunctional?/ Positive or negative consequences on society Latent and Manifest functions Applying Functional Analysis Education of Children Criticism: It doesn't explain social change and dysfunctions repeat themselves even though they don't appear to have a function. Focuses too much on stability.

Theoretical Perspectives (Symbolic Interactionist )

Micro level Focuses on social interaction in order to explain society as a whole Face-to-face interaction as the building block of everything else in society We act toward things on the basis of their meanings. Meanings are not inherent; rather, they are negotiated through interaction with others. Meanings can change or be modified through interaction. Criticism: Difficult to remain objective. Extremely narrow.

Three stages of framing

Motivational framing, Prognostic framing, Diagnostic framing

types of social movements

New technologies facilitate activism and social movement formation Significant social action can occur with no face-to-face interaction Twitter, facebook, etc.

New Social Movement theory

Organized collective activities that address values and social identities, as well as improvements in quality of life Understanding movements as they relate to politics, identity, culture and social change.

formal type of social movements

Revolutionary movements,Religious/Redemptive movements, Alternative movements, Resistance movements

Issues with technology

Sociologists view many aspects of biotechnology as an extension of the medicalization of society

Decline stage

When people fall away and adopt a new movement, the movement successfully brings about the change it sought, or when people no longer take the issue seriously

crowd

a fairly large number of people who share close proximity

value-added theory

a functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur

mass

a relatively large group with a common interest, even if they may not be in close proximity

resource mobilization theory

a theory that explains social movements' success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals

public

an unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who share ideas

acting crowds

crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal

expressive crowds:

crowds who share opportunities to express emotions

Resource mobilization theory

explains movement success in terms of the ability to acquire resources such as time and money and mobilize individuals

flash mob

large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time

NGO

nongovernmental organizations working globally for numerous humanitarian and environmental causes

prognostic framing

offers a solution and states how it will be implemented.

Preliminary stage

people become aware of an issue, and leaders emerge.

Coalescence stage

people join together and organize in order to publicize the issue and raise awareness.

conventional crowds

people who come together for a regularly scheduled event

casual crowds

people who share close proximity without really interacting

Diagnostic framing

states the problem in a clear, easily understood way. When applying diagnostic frames, there are no shades of gray: instead, there is the belief that what "they" do is wrong and this is how "we" will fix it.

Motivational framing

the call to action: what should you do once you agree with the diagnostic frame and believe in the prognostic frame?

Institutionalization stage

the movement is an established organization, typically with a paid staff.

crowdsourcing

the process of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people

male liberationism

was a movement that originated in the 1970s to discuss the challenges of masculinity.