Sociology final

What was one of the earliest theories of collective behavior

contagion

What theory of collective behavior would suggest that when crowds come together a "mob mentality" takes over and rational thought disappears?

contagion theory

Ori went to eat at their favorite restaurant and got food poising. Their illness was treated right away. This type of illness would be classified as:

A cute

Which best describes the research goals of sociologists who use a marcosociological approach and the research goals of sociologists who use a micro sociological approach?

No matter what approach they take, all sociologists aim to illuminate the connection between the individual and society.

The majority of households in the United States now have personal computers.

The unintended consequences of social change.

What is the process called when students are tested and the test results are used to place them in a Verona catergory of classes.

Tracking

Educational systems can help reproduce systems of inequality

True

Human rights groups have long protested state governments disenfranchisement of convicted felons

True

What do sociologists ask you to consider regarding health and illness?

how health and illness are shaped by social factors

A paradigm shift is a major break in the assumptions that are used to understand the world. For social scientists, what causes a paradigm shift?

new data forcing a new way of looking at the world

In recent years, salsa has overtaken ketchup as America's most popular condiment. This is an example of:

social change

The transformation of culture over time is called:

social change

Good health is

socially defined

A man recently learned that he has a mental illness. Since his diagnosis, he has begun to act according to the illness and in ways that he thinks others expect someone with a mental illness to act. Which theory of health and illness best explains his situation?

symbolic interactionism

What is a political system called that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their gov.

Authoritarian

The term that referred to the legitimate use of power is called:

Authority

You want to conduct some sociological research on wether people on social networking sites are less likely to meet in person as a result of their online community participation. What is the next step in the scientific method?

Conduct a literature review

Most sociologists argue that gender is a social construction and they acknowledge the possibility that binary male- female catergoeties are not the only way of classifying individuals. This perspective is called

Contrustionslsit persoective

Why would culture shock be a useful state of mind for a sociologist?

It makes us realize we lack an understanding of our surroundings so we can perceive what is right in front of us.

Many everyday cultural practices such as greeting a friend, giving someone flowers, or using the thumbs-up sign seem like natural ways of acting. Why does having an awareness of how these practices vary across cultures demonstrate a healthy sociological imagination?

It reminds us that everyday interactions are connected to larger societies and norms.

Which of the following about social change is true?

It's always happening

Which of the following statements best describes the approach taken by macro sociologists?

Macrosociology examines large-scale social structure to see how it affects individual lives.

A social research methods class wants to study smoking. First, the professor asks how many people in the class are smokers. Two people indicate that they are. Then she asks how many people have smoked a cigarette in the past week and ten people indicate that they had. From this, the class decides, for the purposes of the survey, a smoker will be anyone who has smoked a cigarette in the past week and currently owns a pack of cigarettes. This is a(n):

Operational definition

You are waking across campus and as a large group of students gathered outside the student union listening to someone talk.

People have different motivations in any crowd.

The mothers and tactics of managing and influencing gov. Are called

Politics

A graduate student is almost done with their dissertation when they are informed that twenty years ago someone did a similar project and already demonstrated what they had hoped to be the first to discover. What basic step of the scientific method should have saved them from this problem?

Reviewing the literature

How do sociologists differentiate between sex and gender

Sex is biological, gender js social

What historical events convinced Auguste Comte that society needed to be guided by thinkers who understand social laws?

The French Revolution and the instability that followed it.

What is a paradigm?

a set of assumptions, theories, and perspectives that makes up a way of understanding social reality

According to your textbook what do all religions have in common

a system of beliefs and rituals that establish a relationship between the sacred and the profane

Sid feels horrible. He goes to his doctor, who tells Sid he has a bad cold and should feel better soon. How would Sid's illness be classified?

acute

Jai is conducting a sociological research study on differences in interactions between similar and dissimilar co-workers. After reviewing the literature, he developed a hypothesis and has operationalized the variables he will study. What is the next step Jai should take in the scientific method?

choose a research design or method

According to the scientific method, what are the steps in conducting research and in what order should they be completed?

form a hypothesis, define variables, choose research method, collect data

A study found a strong correlation between parental bonding and adolescent drug use. Children with stronger bonds to their parents were far less likely to try drugs or alcohol. However, the researchers, after examining their data more closely, discovered that parental bonding was really a predictor for teen religiosity. Consequently, high levels of religiosity prevent drug use rather than parental bonding. This means that religiosity was a(n)

intervening variable

Sociology can be defined as the systematic and scientific study of human society and social behavior, from ________ to ________.

large-scale institutions; individual interactions

What do sociologists call it when a large number of people either collectively or individually engage in similar behaviors

mass behavior

As the process of the _____________ develops, we will be less likely to treat someone who has a mental health issue as something they should just "deal with" or "get over" individually. Instead, we will be more likely to think of the issue as having to do with a disease.

medicalization

Obesity is now often treated with surgery. Previously, weight loss was not usually considered a medical problem that could be addressed through surgery. This is evidence of

medicalization and the social construction of health and illness.

In the ___ approach to addiction, people who become addicted may be responding to strains in the social system and their own lives by escaping through drugs and alcohol.

structural functionalist

Sociologists observe society by:

studying the various parts of a society and the ways they interact and influence one another.

What is the sociological imagination?

the ability to understand the connections between biography and history, or the interplay of the self and the world

What is religiosity?

the extent of a person's commitment to a religion

What is the scientific method?

the procedure for acquiring and collecting concrete data

According to the textbook, what is the goal of early college high schools?

to make it easier for students from underserved backgrounds to enter college

What do large numbers of people form when they come together?

crowd

The fact that the top causes of death in the United States are due to chronic illness while people in the developing world are continually affected by the threat of acute illnesses indicates that

illness is impacted by social factors.

Regardless of their various approaches to social phenomena, what are all sociologists trying to do?

illuminate the connection between the individual and society

Kea tries to take good care of herself. She works out regularly, gets plenty of rest, and eats well. Her approach to health is MOST closely aligned with

preventive medicine

What kind of research are you doing if you observe a group in order to determine its norms, values, rules, and meanings?

qualitative

Systems and structures that persist over time and help to organize group life are called:

social institutions

Periods in which social change happens so rapidly that whole societies are dramatically redefined are called:

social revolutions

You are doing a research project on the effects of contemporary media. What are your variables if your hypothesis is "watching violence on television causes an increase in violent behavior"?

violence on television and violent behavior