sociology Inequality Summary Assessment
According to conflict theory, why are women's contributions to family life devalued
As a social group, men benefit from maintaining their dominant status.
What is it called when a minority group is absorbed into the dominate group?
Assimilation
A five-year-old boy hurts himself while playing with his toys and immediately begins to cry. His father walks over to him and says, "Don't be a sissy, boys don't cry" this is an example of
Gender role socialization
The "Jim Crow" laws, which mandated the separate facilities for whites and blacks, were an example of
Institutional discrimination
How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?
Institutional discrimination is more systematic and widespread.
Which of the following is one of the basic principles of social stratification?
It is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared in a society.
What is the principal sociological critique of the culture of poverty?
It tends to blame the victims of poverty for their own misfortunes while ignoring the structural causes of inequality.
Although they make very little money, priests, ministers, rabbis, imams, and clergy are often prestigious members of their communities. Which social theorist first suggested that this is an important element of class status?
Max Weber
What can be concluded regarding gendered occupations?
Men outnumber women in occupations that entail prestige and higher salaries.
Greg J. Duncan and a team of researchers analyzed the effect of parental income on the academic achievement of children. What do you think Duncan found given what you have read about socioeconomic status and life chances?
Parental income is strongly correlated with academic achievement, especially in low-income families.
Pablo lives in the United States, where most people assume that he is Arab until they learn his name and hear his accent. They are surprised when Pablo tells them that he is from Spain and identifies as white, not Hispanic. Some even tell Pablo that he isn't really white. What does this suggest about race?
Race is socially defined and the criteria used to determine a person's race varies.
How is Max Weber's idea of social class different from Karl Marx's?
Weber believed that wealth, power, and prestige could all affect a person's social class.
What do sociologists call it when an individual changes his or her career but remains within the same social class?
horizontal social mobility
Which of the following is an example of how teachers treat boys and girls differently in a classroom setting?
Boys are more likely than girls to be punished for misbehaving.
How do we decide when to display situational ethnicity?
We do a cost-benefit analysis.
How do most sociologists differentiate between sex and gender?
Sex is biological; gender is social.
What does Pierre Bourdieu call the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over
Social reproduction
Why do men usually make more money than women?
Socially constructed categories of employment lead to larger numbers of men than women in many lucrative jobs.
When women are more likely than men to live in poverty, it is often referred to as
The feminization of poverty
A women is shown in the vast majority of commercials that advertise cleaning supplies. This illustrates that
The media portrays gender roles in highly stereotypical ways.
To what social class do "white collar" workers. Workers etployed in technical and lower- management positions, belong?
The middle class
Im the early 1900s native-born Americans, usually Protestants, did NOT consider Irish, Italian, or Jewish im a grants to be white, what does this illustrate?
The social construction of race
A persons biological sex and gender identity often match, but now that is not always the case
True
Gender varies from culture to culture.
True
Men out-earn women at every level of educational attainment.
True
A math teacher writes story problems that have male characters that are always given an occupation like Bob the janitor or James the lawyer,but the female characters have no occupation. This is an example of
Way schools socialize children into gender roles
When does gender role socialization begin?
before birth
Which of the following is an example of prejudice
believing that Asians are better at math
In 2003, a major armed conflict began in the Darfur region of Sudan. The government carried out a deliberate and systemic extermination of Darfur's non-Arab population, resulting in several hundred thousand causalities and refugees. What best describes the actions taken by the government of Sudan against Darfur's non-Arab population
genocide
The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, or national group is called
genocide
The perspective in sociology that is concerned with how gender is constructed and maintained in our everyday lives is known as
interactionism
What is it an example of when the children of working-class parents manage to attend college and get a job in a professional field?
intergenerational mobility
Societies that encourage racial and ethnic diversity have embraced the value of
pluralism
Which of the following is an example of discrimination?
refusing to sell someone a house because of his or her race
according to Karl Marx, the most important factor in social life is a persons
relationship to the means of production
What metaphor best describes cultures that have embraced multiculturalism and pluralism?
salad bowl
Mother Teresa was a person with tremendous power and prestige, yet she was very poor. Mother Teresa is an example of which of the following?
status inconsistency
Displays of ethnic identity that only occur on special occasions are called:
symbolic ethnicity
What school of social thought insists that all social structures, including systems of stratification, are built out of everyday interactions?
symbolic interactionism
What do most Americans claim about tiler class status?
they are middle class