Sociology Midterm

Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?

Carol Gilligan

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination.

How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?

Making eye contact while speaking

Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?

Receive corroboration from the field

Which sociological perspective sees technology and media as a tool individuals use to express how much wealth they have?

Symbolic Interactionist

The term media globalization can be defined as:

The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.

E-readiness can be defined as:

the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge.

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on personal merit?

Émile Durkheim

A cultural universal is:

A pattern or trait common to all societies

In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______.

A degradation ceremony

The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as:

A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as:

A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.

The term language can be defined as:

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____.

An innovation

Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed:

Anticipatory socialization

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stonewall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______.

Case study

Society and culture _____.

Could not exist without each other

Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of:

Digital divide

Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method?

Field research

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as:

Figuration

Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds.

Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

What is a negative risk of media globalization?

Governments censoring information for their benefit.

What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream:

Hipsters and Hippies

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?

Incest taboos

John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.

Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

What is the importance of interpretive framework?

It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.

____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____

Karl Marx; Communism

Today, the majority of mass-media outlets are owned by six corporations. This is a product of _________.

Media consolidation

It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory?

Nature vs. Nurture

MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______.

Popular culture; high culture

George Herbert Mead's specific path of development for individuals is as follows:

Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method.

Quantitative

Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____.

Reliability

Which of the following is an example of planned obsolescence?

Sarah's iPod breaks just as the newest iPod Nano is being introduced.

Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, and reads scholarly journals on the topic. What kind of research method is Alexis using?

Secondary data analysis

During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____.

Socialization

Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?

Structural Functionalism

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.

Structural Functionalists

In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a

Subculture

Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?

Symbolic Interactionism

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups.

Symbolic interactionist

Sociology is defined as the:

Systematic study of society and social interaction.

The term cyberfeminism is defined by the text as:

The application to and promotion of feminism online.

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?

The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.

Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of:

The hidden curriculum of schools

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?

The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account

Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying?

The play stage

The term technological diffusion is defined as:

The spread of technology across borders.

Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics?

To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function.

manifest; latent