Sociology Midterm

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as A. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results B. The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research C. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand D. A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population

A. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results

Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed A. Anticipatory socialization B. Developing her sense of morality C. Developing her sense of self D. A degradation ceremony

A. Anticipatory socialization

Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology? A. Auguste Comte B. Karl Marx C. Max Weber D. Emile Durkheim

A. Auguste Comte

Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction? A. Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine B. Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS C. Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon D. Eleanor being given a "Teacher of the Year" award for her work as a high school English teacher

A. Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine

Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience? A. Differential association theory B. Conflict theory C. Labeling theory D. Strain theory

A. Differential association theory

Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______. A. Ethnocentrism B. Cultural relativism C. Paradigms D. Xenocentrism

A. Ethnocentrism

Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) _____. A. Ethnography B. Case Study C. Experiment D. Secondary data analysis

A. Ethnography

Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research? A. Gathering data from government studies B. Educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex C. Interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles D. Volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with homeless persons

A. Gathering data from government studies

This Canadian sociologist is known for the theories he presented in The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959) where he detailed his observations of the elaborate "interaction rituals" in every social interaction A. Goffman B. Berger C. Weber D. Simmel

A. Goffman

Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was: A. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology B. It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie C. It earned Émile Durkheim the title "Father of Sociology" so that other sociologists would have a role model D. It allowed psychology and sociology to merge into one field

A. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology

What is the importance of using an interpretive framework? A. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world B. It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships C. It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions

A. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world

Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice? A. Observing study participants without their consent B. Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment C. Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict D. Using a control group and an experimental group during observation

A. Observing study participants without their consent

George Herbert Mead's specific path of development for individuals is as follows A. Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage B. Game stage, play stage, generalized other stage, preparatory stage C. Generalized other stage, preparatory stage, play stage, game stage D. Preparatory stage, game stage, play stage, generalized other stage

A. Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society A. Structural-Functionalists B. Symbolic interactionists C. Conflict theorists D. Socialists

A. Structural-Functionalists

Social control is A. The regulation and enforcement of norms B. A system that has the authority to make decisions based on law C. A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual D. An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives

A. The regulation and enforcement of norms

____________ states that, "If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences." A. Thomas theorem B. Hawthorne effect C. Impression management D. Erving Goffman

A. Thomas theorem

The most common way resocialization occurs is: A. Through peer influence B. At school C. Through the mass media D. In a workplace

A. Through peer influence

While ____________ is obtained by personal effort or choice, such as high school dropout, self-made millionaire, or nurse; ____________ is the status outside an individual's control, such as sex or race. A. achieved status, ascribed status B. ascribed status, achieved status C. habitualization, institutionalization D. institutionalization, habitualization

A. achieved status, ascribed status

Mary works full-time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbour's house. She's just learned that her child care provider is leaving the country. Mary has succumbed to pressure to volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother-in-law will be moving in with her next month. Which of the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities? A. role strain B. status conflict C. status strain D. alienation

A. role strain

Hollywood superstar Halle Berry, her Canadian former partner, and their baby jumped security lines at the Montreal International Airport on Jan 4, 2010, making headlines. It was evidently a slow news day. Police escorts were later embarrassed by their willingness to assist the trio when they were late for a departing flight. This scenario highlights the role that _____________ play(s) in our society A. status B. master status C. role performance D. role strain

A. status

Education is important to society because: A. It teaches children facts about the world in which they live B. All responses are correct C. It teaches children how to interact with their peers and helps them to gain social graces D. It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave in group and one-on-one situations

B. All responses are correct

__________ occurs when we use our own culture to judge another A. Cultural imperialism B. Ethnocentrism C. Cultural alienation D. Cultural relativism

B. Ethnocentrism

A paradigm can be defined as: A. Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society B. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them C. The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion D. The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated

B. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, New York City's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. A. Structural functionalist B. Symbolic interactionist C. Feminist theorist D. Critical theorist

B. Symbolic interactionist

Parents often socialize their children to: A. Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences B. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow C. Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people D. Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow

B. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow

The term secondary deviance can be defined as: A. When a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others B. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society C. When positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society's expectations D. When negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek more positive behavioral choices

B. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society

Verstehen is defined by the text as: A. to compare and contrast social facts B. to understand in a deep way C. to require proof of interpretation D. To maintain a moral conscience

B. to understand in a deep way

The term values can be defined as: A. Scripture found within the Bible B. Federal laws and regulations C. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society D. The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true

C. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society

A cultural universal is: A. An object or a belonging of a group B. A written document outlining appropriate behavior C. A pattern or trait common to all societies D. The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society

C. A pattern or trait common to all societies

From a sociological perspective, language can be defined as: A. Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world B. Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values C. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted D. The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus

C. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted

Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role? A. Taking Jimmy to the aquarium B. Allowing Joey to sleep with his "blankey" C. Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with D. Letting Kim wear pants to school

C. Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? A. Structural-functional theory B. Behaviorism C. Conflict theory D. Symbolic interactionism

C. Conflict theory

What would a conflict theorist say about deviance? A. Societal reactions affect future criminal behaviour B. Power imbalances in society mean that women are more likely to be the victims of male perpetrators of crime C. Deviant behaviour results from social, political, or economic inequalities between social groups D. Deviance always exists in society, and therefore must have some function

C. Deviant behaviour results from social, political, or economic inequalities between social groups

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism? A. Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents do not approve B. Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona C. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying D. Ingrid becoming upset over the vulgar language used in the Australian Outback

C. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination A. A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams B. The theory that man evolved slowly over time C. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure D. The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics

C. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure

In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? A. Differential association B. Strain theory C. Labeling theory D. Control theory

C. Labeling theory

____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. A. Weber, positivism B. Durkheim, communism C. Marx, communisim D. Comte, egalitarianism

C. Marx, communisim

Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a: A. Positive informal sanction B. Negative informal sanction C. Positive formal sanction D. Negative formal sanction

C. Positive formal sanction

Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method? A. Research existing sources B. Report results C. Receive corroboration from the field D. Formulate a hypothesis

C. Receive corroboration from the field

Sociology is defined as the: A. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions B. Theoretical examination of life's origins C. Systematic study of society and social interaction D. Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon

C. Systematic study of society and social interaction

A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________. A. The Authority Effect B. The Regressive Effect C. The Hawthorne Effect D. The Cognizant Effect

C. The Hawthorne Effect

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? A. Sarah buying Lady Gaga tickets from a scalper because the show sold out B. Brett illegally downloading the new Black Keys album because he couldn't afford to buy it C. The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club D. Lilly being sent to prison because she failed to pay her taxes

C. The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club

The increasing flows of global migration and movement also facilitate the diffusion of cultural ideas and artifacts as people from around the world spread out into global ________: The dispersions of people from their original homeland A. hybridity B. diffusion C. diasporas D. rationalization

C. diasporas

Over the history of humanity, humans have adapted to their environmental and social challenges in diverse ways. The entirety of all cultures' ways of thinking, ways of being, and ways of orienting oneself on Earth has been referred to as: A. society B. biological determinism C. ethnosphere D. culture

C. ethnosphere

Reliability is defined by the text as A. How well the study measures what it was designed to measure B. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential C. How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis D. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

D. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

The term deviance can be defined as: A. The regulation and enforcement of norms B. The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring C. Social reward for the violation of norms D. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

D. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society? A. Karl Marx B. Emile Durkheim C. Erving Goffman D. C. Wright Mills

D. C. Wright Mills

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as A. Latent functions B. Dynamic equilibrium C. Structuration D. Figuration

D. Figuration

Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______. A. Experimental Group B. Control group C. Dependent Variable D. Independent Variable

D. Independent Variable

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was: A. Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored B. Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior C. Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel D. Necessary; it challenged people's views

D. Necessary; it challenged people's views

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method A. Qualitative B. Pathos C. Logos D. Quantitative

D. Quantitative

Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? A. A shift in her desire to enjoy life B. A shift in her reading habits C. A complete and permanent loss of herself D. Resocialization

D. Resocialization

This theorist (or theorists) proposed that people experience their world through their language and that they, therefore, understand the world through the culture embedded in their language A. Weber B. Simmel C. Lewis D. Sapir and Whorf

D. Sapir and Whorf

During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____. A. Resocialization B. Anticipatory socialization C. The looking glass self D. Socialization

D. Socialization

In sociology, we refer to the "ability to choose and act independently of external constraints" as: A. reification B. structure C. structuration D. agency

D. agency