sociology module 11

racial segregation in schools was allowed

Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that ________

homeschooling

Proponents of ________ argue that it provides an outstanding opportunity for student-centered learning while circumventing problems that plague today's education system

per-student spending is equitable

Public schools must guarantee that ________

not: learning deficits and educational tenure have been swept aside in the modernized system (probably: there is a great divide in the performance of white students from affluent backgrounds and their nonwhite, less affluent, counterparts.)

Research indicates that unequal patterns are highly relevant today, as sociologists generally agree that

access to education

The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for ________

charter schools

The Secretary of Education, Betsy DeVos, has argued that ________ are a significant portion of the school choice movement and that it will incentivize public schools to improve performance

gender pay gap

The ________ shows the difference in median earnings for men and women

charter schools

The discussion on the performance of ________ versus public schools is hotly debated with many studies being completed. Research indicates that they do not always outperform public schools

feminist theory

The inequality that results from a pay gap for women versus men would be a focus under which theory?

universal access

The modern idea of ________arose in the United States as a concern for people with disabilities. In the United States, one way in which this concept is supported is through federal and state governments covering the cost of free public education

equal ability

Universal access refers to people's ________ to participate in an education system

resources and money

What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?

they recruit top teachers

What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?

tracking

What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?

sorting

What term describes the separation of students based on merit?

they are self-governing

Which of the following is a characteristic of a charter school?

courtship

Which of the following is not a manifest function of education? (courtship, social placement, cultural innovation, or socialization)

symbolic interactionism

Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?

conflict theory

Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?

sorting, or classifying based on academic merit or potential

According to functionalism, schools contribute to the socialization and transmission of culture to students. Other latent functions include

social promotion

Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ________

at the top of the educational rankings

Analysts have determined that the nations and city-states ________ had several things in common, such as well-established standards for education with clear goals for all students, and teachers recruited from the top 5 to 10 percent of university graduates each year, which is not the case for most countries

social placement

Because Tammie wants to someday work in marketing for a major company, she plans on taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________

bilingual education

New issues of inequality have entered the national conversation in recent years with the issue of ________, which attempts to give equal opportunity to minority students through offering instruction in languages other than English

1970s

Not discriminating on the basis of sex in U.S. education programs became illegal during the

affirmative action

Opponents of ________ suggest that minority students are given greater weighted priorities for college admittance

universal access

The term ________ refers to people's equal ability to participate in an education system. On a world level, access might be more difficult for certain groups based on class or gender, as was the case in the United States earlier in the nation's history, a dynamic we still struggle to overcome

but there remains a troubling gap in the equality of education they receive

Today in the United States, students of all races and ethnicities are permitted into schools,

symbolic interactionist theorists

___ see education as one way that labeling theory is seen in action

education

____ in its broadest, most general sense is a means through which the aims and habits of a group of people is passed from one generation to the next

Brown v. Board of Education

____ was a decision by the U.S. Supreme Court which declared that state laws which had established separate schools for black and white students were, in fact, unequal and unconstitutional

Functional theorists

_____ believe that education equips people to perform different roles in society

The Coleman Report

_____ was responsible for both busing programs to schools outside their neighborhoods and academic preschools geared toward remediation of deficits associated with low socioeconomic status.

charter schools

______ are self-governing public schools that have signed agreements with state governments to improve students when poor performance is revealed on tests required by the No Child Left Behind Act

Feminist theorists

________ demonstrate that like many other institutions of society, educational systems are characterized by unequal treatment and opportunity for women

Informal schooling

________ describes learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors by participating in a society. This type of learning occurs both through the established education system and at home

Cultural capital

________ describes the non-monetary things such as behaviors and knowledge that indicate social status

cultural capital

________ describes the non-monetary things such as behaviors and knowledge that indicate social status

social promotion

________ is an issue identified by sociologists which involves passing students to the next grade regardless of their meeting standards for that grade. Proponents question what a school is to do with a student who is three to four years older than other students in his or her grade, saying this creates more issues than the practice itself

Credentialism

________ is the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications. These certificates or degrees serve as a symbol of what a person has achieved, and allows the labeling of that individual

credentialism

________ is the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications. These certificates or degrees serve as a symbol of what a person has achieved, and allows the labeling of that individual

Symbolic interactionist theorists

________ study the dynamics of the classroom, the interactions between students and teachers, and how those affect everyday life.

symbolic interactionist theorists

________ suggest that labeling has a direct correlation to those who are in power and those who are labeled

Informal education ________

refers to the learning of cultural norms

socioeconomic status & family background

Key predictors for student success include ________

exposure to a peer group in the educational setting

Latent functions of education include

cultural transmission

Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of ________

resources and money

A country's ________ has the largest impact on its education system

debt

A growing concern today is the ________ that students encounter with college attendance

Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia

A precedent for universal access to education in the United States was set with the 1972 U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia's decision in ________, brought on the behalf of seven school-age children with special needs who argued that the school board was denying their access to free public education

they reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture

Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?

perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status

Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ________

embodied state

Cultural capital has three forms; ________ refers to the form of knowledge that resides in each of us

a social institution

Education is ________ through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms

the United States

Functionalists recognize that one of the most important educational values children learn in their society is that of individualism or collectivism. In ________, children learn to value the individual over the value of groups or society as a whole

latent (or secondary) functions

Functionalists suggest that learning how to make friends who share similar political values as your own is a ________ function of education

post-education gender disparity

in the United States, there is a ________ between what male and female college graduates earn