Sociology of Deviant Behavior Chpt 2 Quiz
__ holds that if an individual associates with people who hold deviant ideas more than with those who embrace conventional ideas, the individual is likely to become deviant
Differential association
Merton's theory was inspired by the sociologist __, the first to use the term "anomie" as a sociological concept
Durkheim
Which of the following is NOT an example of Merton's legitimate means to achieving success
Insider trading
Which of the following statements is an accurate criticism of Burgess-Akers's social learning theory
It cannot explain why a person initially commits a crime
Under Merton's Anomie-Strain theory, the breakdown of social norms is a result of
Lack of legitimate opportunities to succeed
According to Cohen's theory, status frustration is most likely to occur among
Lower-class boys
According to Merton, the only cultural value of importance in American society is
Material success
______________ study the underlying causes of deviance through social and environmental factors.
Positivists
Which factor combinations are said by Robert Agnew to contribute to frustration, fear and anger
Removal of positively valued stimuli and presentation of negative stimuli
According to Merton's anomie-strain theory, which of the following statements is true?
Resort to illegitimate means of according their aspirations
An expression of disapproval to invoke remorse in the wrongdoer is called
Shaming
Merton's version of anomie-strain theory is based on the premise that
The legitimate means of achieving success is an important part of life
Most control theorists seem to
accept the Freudian assumption that our inborn animal impulses, if unchecked, will turn into deviant behavior.
According to Hirschi, which of the following is NOT a way for individuals to bond themselves to society
an experience of a gap between goals and means
The deterrence doctrine assumes that human beings, when anticipating deviant behavior, are
basically rational
The theories of positivist sociologists attempt to explain the __________ of deviance.
causes
Burgess and Akers find Sutherland's differential association theory inadequate because Sutherland
did not specify what is involved in the process of learning to become a criminal.
Which of the following is not a kind of social control that can prevent deviance
differential association
Hank is a sociologist investigating the causes of crime. He is interested in how some areas of the city have traditions of crime that persist over generations, and how individuals easily move into groups following those traditions. What theory of deviance is guiding Hank's research?
differential association theory
Burgess and Akers argued that before one becomes criminal, a process of __________ must occur where he or she is rewarded for continuing deviant behavior.
differential reinforcement
According to critics, reintegrative shaming can work only with
first time offenders
According to Glaser, before a person pursues criminal behavior, he or she must first __________ real or imaginary persons whose criminal behavior seems acceptable.
identify with
All of Jane's friends have jewelry and new clothes, but she had no money to buy them. She therefore resorted to shoplifting to get what she wanted. According to Merton's theory, her behavior is an example of
innovation
Daniel Glaser felt that Sutherland's theory was too __________ and proposed that a process of identification with criminals also had to take place.
mechanistic
According to the deterrence doctrine, all of the following would help reduce the rate of crime, EXCEPT for making punishment
more general
Which of the following is NOT a primarily positivist theory of deviance?
phenomenological theory
Joe is a sociologist who is undertaking a study of drug use. He is interested in how broken families and poor neighborhoods lead to more problems of drug addiction. Joe is following a _____ theory of deviant behavior.
positivist
If a society makes a deviant feel guilty while showing understanding and forgiveness, it practices __________ shaming.
reintegrative
Peter, disillusioned with the way things are going, decides to live in a hippie commune away from the rest of society. According to Merton's theory, his behavior is an example of
retreatism
Joe, a steel worker in Cleveland, Ohio, has no aspirations of being rich and successful. Nevertheless, he works hard and takes pride in his job. According to Merton's theory, this is an example of
ritualism
According to Cohen's theory, the place in American society where lower-class boys experience the greatest status frustration is
school
Sociologists criticizing control theory point out that control can become a possible cause of deviance. They therefore conclude that most versions of this theory are too
simplistic
According to Hirschi's theory of social control, if elements of bonding to society are weak, the individual might
slide into deviance
The essence of several types of anomie-strain theory is that the experience of
socially induced strain pressures individuals to commit deviant acts.
According to Robert Merton's goal-means gap theory, the psychoanalytic approach to deviant behavior is wrong because that theory incorrectly assumes
society discourages the individual from engaging in deviant behavior.
Albert Cohen's theory is similar to Merton's approach, but Cohen replaced the word "success" with the word "__"
status
According to control theories of deviance, the central question is
what causes conformity
