Sociology of Sports Exam 1 chapter 4
The American Development Model aims to keep more children engaged in sport longer with what four specific outcomes?
-grow the population of both general and elite athletes -develop fundamental skills that transfer between sports -provide appropriate avenue to reach full potential -create a agnation that loves sport
The American Development Model is based on what five key principles?
-universal access to create opportunity -appropriate activities that emphasize motor and foundational skills -multisport participation -fun and challenging atmosphere -quality coaching
What is IMG academy?
An academy located in Florida for K-12. There are 650 students specializing in 8 sports. Its a boarding school
what is i9 sports?
a youth sports league that focuses on making a different blueprint for youth sports program. - they explicitly foster community development outcomes + create a parental pledge.
_______ of U.S. children are not physically active.
about half
_____________________________ have spread across the country, and they are often geared to serve economically disadvantaged youth.
academic enrichment and sport programs
_______________________ for kids has exploded in the past 30 years for a variety of reasons.
adult organized sport for kids
How are athlete-organized sport and adult-organized sport different regarding intent, application of traditions and rules, social influences, and financial costs?
adult: prepares for higher level sport youth: to have fun
Programs that integrate sport and academics seek to attract the interest of youth by combining the two. For example:
an after school enrichment class in math could use sport statistics as a vehicle to interest kids and show practical applications
What are the First Tee and National Junior Tennis and Learning (NJTL)?
an organization that provides learning facilities and educational programs that promote character development, and life enhancing values through the game of golf
As they participate in sport or other physical activities, kids learn:
attitudes and skills for social interaction, teamwork, following rules, and elements of fair play
The rise in youth sport occurred in large part because:
certain organizations gave it their support
What is Up2Us Sports and Coach for America (CFA)?
coalition of sport youth programs organized to affect the health and well being of kids in low income communities. CFA helps attain to those communities with resources
Many communities have used sport as a hook to attract children and youth who are:
deemed at risk of school delinquency or running afoul of the law
It wasn't until the 1970s that youth sport for both sexes was:
embraced by upper-middle-class communities, where parents believed that competitive youth sport was a requirement if their kids are to be successful
As adult-organized youth sport has grown, so too have criticism of programs that:
emphasize winning and early specialization in one sport, over schedule kids, over involve adults, and cost a lot of money
What are the several positive principles of youth sports programs?
encouraging, effort and team relationships, build confidence, focus on the process over outcome, focus on the treasures, serve kids
Children also can use sport to:
enhance their self concept in its early stages of development by mastering certain physical activities and learning new ones
Almost all children ____________________________ between the ages of 6 and 12.
experiment with sport
The benefits of sport on children can be described as:
fun, better health, social integration, moral development, personal development of self esteem and self efficacy, and cognitive development
Since the early years after 2000, alternative sport and physical activity have:
gained popularity and provide different options from traditional team sports for competitive physical activity for youth and young adults
Perhaps the most dramatic change in U.S. youth sport programs has been the:
has been the explosion of sport opportunities for girls that resulted from the passage of title IX
Youth-controlled activity offers what advantages?
help them settle things themselves without the influence of their parents
Team sports are particularly attractive to children because they:
introduce kids to working together for a common goal, accepting their role on a team, and learning to deal with winning and losing
One factor in the change in youth sports since the 1970s is an increase in:
is an increase in child abductions and sexual predators, frightening parents of the safety of their kids
What has been the most common explanation for kids dropping out of sports (or other activities of choice)?
kids just wanna have fun
Youth sport affects the overall development of young people simply because of the:
large amount of time they spend participating in it
Girls tend to start a year or two ________ than boys do and sadly often stop playing:
later
A survey of 43,000 households in 2017 revealed that:
less than one third of youth sport coaches had received training in key competencies such as general safety, first aid, motivational techniques, , sports skills and tactics, and physical conditioning
In the years following World War II, youth sport programs were dominated by:
little league baseball
What broad categories of organizations sponsor youth sport?
local community programs, parks, church organziations, sponsors
Key factors to be considered in evaluating the current status of youth sports and physical activity in the United States are:
more kids are overweight, and inactive
The adults in charge of adult-organized sport for youth need to be aware of the:
multiple motivations that may drive kids participation in sport
Youth also seem to be specializing more in:
one sport
The number of young people who ____________________________ continues to grow, and girls' participation in particular has shown larger increases since the passage of:
participate in organized sports programs ; title IX
Since 2013 there has been a decline in:
participation in most traditional team sports
Some sport and physical activity programs focus on helping participants develop an appreciation of nature. Examples include:
programs involving snow sports, hiking, camping, and wilderness survival skills
When coaches or parents go untrained, young athletes are:
put at great risk
About 80% of youth athletes:
quit after age 15
To maximize their kids' chances of having a positive sport experience, parents can:
read educational materials, attend orientation sessions, and talk with other parents to understand sport philosophy, policies, and expectations
Commercial business sponsors of youth sport got involved because they:
saw an opportunity to influence children and their families to consider using their products
Adult-organized youth sports are primarily concerned with teaching kids:
skills of the game rules of the game proper playing of positions obedience to adult directions, strategy, and training methods
Team sports are a particularly popular means for teaching:
social and moral values, good sporting behavior, and teamwork
The emergence of _____________________________________ at the very young ages has encouraged parents to go to great lengths to give their child a chance to become a great athlete.
specialized training for high performance sport
Team sports have always been the dominant category for youth for what four reasons?
spend time with friends, economical, teamwork
The 2019 SFIA Report revealed what leaders in total percentage growth over the last six years?
stand up padddleboarding
What action/extreme sports have been increasing and decreasing in participation numbers since 2015?
stand up paddle boarding, BMX, trail running, hiking, roller hockey, and triathlon off road
Only 38% of kids ages 6-12 played:
team or individual sports on a regular basis
What did the book say about the privatization of youth sport?
the government is the issue, and that sports need to be turned to the individuals and parents
Popular opinion about youth sport varies and depends somewhat on media influence. Why?
they criticize but also celebrate successes
What did the book say about the Police Athletic League, the Boys & Girls Clubs of America, the YMCA, the YWCA, the JCC, and Girls in the Game?
they promote good health, and serve physical activity to a great number of the population
What was "stoop ball"?
throwing a ball at a front stoop, and trying to catch it on the rebound
What are some of the most common barriers cited for dropping out of youth sport?
time, cost, overuse injuries, overemphasis on winning, lack of training, gender and location, race, lack of fun, and income
Why is interest in the martial arts continuing to expand throughout youth in the United States?
to learn self defense, practice as a self discipline, for fitness or competitive sport
The importance of including sport and other physical activity in such programs is crystal clear for a generation of youth who get:
too little physical exercise, often have a poor diet, and are bombarded by video games and other technology that replaces physical play and exercise
Several national organizations have been established to offer:
training for coaches and parents involved in youth sport
What team sports have been increasing and decreasing in popularity over the last six years?
ultimate Frisbee, tackle and touch football
One question often raised about youth sport is:
who should pay for youth sport
______________________ have become a huge factor in U.S. society since the 1960s.
youth sport programs